CN105999311B - 用于诊断跟腱炎的靶向显影剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于诊断跟腱炎的靶向显影剂及其制备方法。本发明采用“生物素‑亲和素”桥接法将抗ICAM‑1单抗结合到生物素化脂质微泡上,制成靶向超声微泡MBICAM‑1,成功实现了抗ICAM‑1单抗与微泡的连接。微泡的平均粒径为1.00~2.4μm,浓度为2.4×108~2.4×1010个/mL,与抗ICAM‑1单抗的平均结合率为86.5±5.3%。实验表明,微泡MBICAM‑1在体外、体内均具有靶向功能,可将其作为靶向显影剂用于跟腱炎的临床诊断。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及免疫学及临床医学领域,具体地说,涉及一种用于诊断跟腱炎的靶向显影剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
超声微泡是指一类较小的(通常直径约1-8μm)包含气体的微球,可通过静脉注射随血流到达机体各组织器官,并可用超声实时监测,在特定组织内可被一定强度的超声波击破,其可称为理想的药物递送释放载体。随着新型超声微泡的不断出现和超声造影新技术的飞速发展,明显提高了超声诊断的敏感性和特异性。靶向超声微泡表面携带对靶分子具有特异识别能力的配体或抗体,这使得靶向超声微泡经静脉注射后通过肺循环达到感兴趣的组织或器官,选择性的与相应受体结合,增强靶区的超声回波信号,有利于局部组织疾病的诊断和治疗。靶向超声微泡不仅可从分子水平无创地评价各种病变组织和器官的病理改变,并可作为一种载体,为基因和药物的靶向释放提供新途径。
目前,靶向超声微泡已成为国内外学者一致认可的新型基因载体,将携药物或基因的靶向超声微泡经静脉注射后,在靶组织给予一定条件的超声照射,靶向超声微泡在超声波的照射下产生空化效应爆破微泡,可引起直径≤7μm的微血管破裂,内皮细胞的间隙增宽,从而使药物或基因更易通过血管内皮到达靶组织释放并被吸收;含有气体的超声微泡在超声照射下产生压缩和膨胀,微泡更易破裂。当微泡抵达特定组织时,超声波破坏携基因或药物的靶向超声微泡就可以达到对靶组织定向治疗的目的,并且由于靶向超声微泡在血循环中稳定性比较好,可减少基因或药物到达靶组织前在体内的播散,明显提高了局部组织的基因转染和表达。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于诊断跟腱炎的靶向显影剂及其制备方法。
本发明基于以下构思:ICAM-1(细胞间粘附分子-1)是细胞黏附分子免疫球蛋白家族成员,主要表达在活化的内皮细胞和其他抗原递质细胞上,介导内皮细胞和白细胞的黏附反应,在正常细胞中几乎不表达。有研究表明,损伤的跟腱细胞ICAM-1表面抗原表达明显增加。因此,本发明以损伤后表达ICAM-1表面抗原的跟腱细胞为靶受体,制备携抗ICAM-1单抗的靶向超声微泡,使载ICAM-1单抗微泡靶向结合于高表达ICAM-1的组织部位,从而增强其造影效果。此外,本发明旨在制备载抗ICAM-1单抗靶向超声微泡,并验证制备的靶向超声微泡在体外、体内的靶向能力,为下一步靶向超声微泡同时携带βFGF基因进行跟腱预防损伤术后修复粘连的研究打下基础。
为了实现本发明目的,本发明首先提供生物素化脂质微泡的制备方法,向试管中按516-520:80-90:383-400的体积比(优选体积比516:80:383)依次加入二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、聚乙二醇-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺以及生物素-聚乙二醇-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺,混匀,在氮气流(0.1MPa)作用下至试管壁上形成一层磷脂膜,用带有透气孔的封口膜封住试管口,放入抽滤瓶中抽真空2-3小时,然后向试管中加入0.1M Tris缓冲液(pH值7.4)5mL,55-60℃超声波振荡器上超声振荡20min,即得。
本发明还提供根据上述方法的制备的生物素化脂质微泡。微泡平均粒径为1.00~2.4μm,浓度为2.4×108~2.4×1010个/mL。与抗ICAM-1单抗的平均结合率为86.5±5.3%。
本发明还提供所述生物素化脂质微泡在制备靶向药物或诊断试剂中的应用。
本发明还提供所述生物素化脂质微泡在作为基因载体中的应用。
本发明还提供一种用于诊断跟腱炎的靶向显影剂,其主要成分为载有抗ICAM-1单抗的所述生物素化脂质微泡,即靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1。例如,所述抗ICAM-1单抗为北京博奥森生物技术有限公司生产的bs-4618R-Bio(生物素化抗兔细胞间粘附分子单克隆抗体)。
本发明还提供所述靶向显影剂的制备方法,将生物素化脂质微泡、1mg/ml卵白素溶液以及抗ICAM-1单抗按25-30:25-30:1-2的体积比(优选体积比25:25:1)混匀即得。
前述的方法,将生物素化脂质微泡、卵白素溶液以及抗ICAM-1单抗按比例混合后,在20-30rpm下搅拌30-35min,即得。
本发明进一步提供含有所述靶向显影剂的诊断试剂盒。
本发明采用“生物素-亲和素”桥接法成功实现了抗ICAM-1单抗和微泡的连接。由于生物素与亲和素间的结合具有高灵敏度、高亲和力、专一稳定等特点,几乎呈不可逆性反应,而且不受酸、碱、变性剂及有机溶剂的影响,每个亲和素分子都有4个生物素结合位点,可以同时以多价形式与生物素化抗体/配体结合,呈多级放大,避免了连接过程中大量抗体/配体的浪费。在制备靶向微泡的过程中,首先制备生物素化脂质微泡,然后再连接亲和素和生物素化抗ICAM-1单抗,制备成靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1。
成功制备靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1后,通过体内、体外实验验证其靶向能力。在体外靶向实验中,采用ICAM-1质粒转染入Hela细胞,使Hela细胞表达ICAM-1表面抗原,然后将表达ICAM-1表面抗原的Hela细胞制备好的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1进行孵育,孵育后PBS洗涤除去未粘附的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1,在显微镜下可观察到表达ICAM-1表面抗原的Hela细胞周围粘附有靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1,证实了制备的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1在体外具有靶向粘附功能。
兔在细胞和组织病理生理方面和人类相似,被广泛用于肌腱疾病的研究。跟腱的主要构成成分是Ⅰ型胶原纤维。本发明利用Ⅰ型胶原酶消化Ⅰ型胶原,并通过病理验证家兔跟腱炎模型建立成功。利用该 家兔跟腱炎症模型,将制备的超声微泡进行体内跟腱造影检查。在造影模式下,普通脂质微泡与生物素脂质微泡在双侧跟腱侧均表现微弱增强;而用靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1进行造影,家兔左侧跟腱(实验侧)出现明显的高增强,明显高于对照侧跟腱。该结果证明了制备的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1在体内具有靶向显影功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例3中显微镜下观察微泡的形态(630×);其中,A:普通脂质微泡;B:生物素化脂质微泡;C:靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1。
图2为本发明实施例3中倒置荧光显微镜下观察FITC标记的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1(400×);其中,A:白光下荧光下靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1;B:荧光下靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1。
图3为本发明实施例3中流式细胞仪检测抗ICAM-1单抗与微泡的结合率;其中,A:生物素化脂质微泡;B:荧光靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1。
图4为本发明实施例3中微泡在大鼠肝脏显影试验结果;其中,A:普通脂质微泡造影;B:生物素化脂质微泡造影;C:靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1造影;D:SonoVue微泡造影。
图5为本发明实施例3中倒置荧光显微镜下(100×)靶向超声微泡MBICAM的体外靶向实验结果(A、B为同一视野);其中,A:转染成功的hela细胞;B:转染成功的Hela细胞与靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1结合。
图6为本发明实施例3中双侧跟腱靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1造影结果;其中,A:左侧跟腱;B:右侧跟腱(箭头示跟腱)。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段,所用原料均为市售商品。
以下实施例中涉及的主要材料和仪器:二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC,Avanti);聚乙二醇-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE-PEG2000, Avanti);生物素-聚乙二醇-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE-PEG2000-Biotins,Avanti);生物素化抗兔细胞间粘附分子单克隆抗体(bs-4618R-Bio,北京博奥森公司);Ⅰ型胶原酶(美国Sigma公司);新西兰家兔(广东省医学实验动物中心);自动稀释颗粒计算仪(美国PSS公司);倒置荧光显微镜(德国Olympus公司);离心机(美国Eppendorf公司);流式细胞仪(美国Beckman公司);彩色多普勒超声诊断仪Mylab90(意大利百胜公司)。
实施例1脂质微泡的制备
将DSPC、DSPE-PEG2000、DSPE-PEG2000-Biotins按比例加入试管中,其中,普通脂质微泡DSPC:DSPE-PEG2000=521μl:161μl,生物素化脂质微泡DSPC:DSPE-PEG 2000:DSPE-PEG2000–Biotins=516μl:80μl:383μl。在氮气流(0.1Mpa)作用下至试管壁上形成一层磷脂薄膜,用封口膜封住试管口,用针头在上面扎一定数量的孔洞,放入500ml抽滤瓶中抽真空2-3小时,加入5ml 0.1M Tris缓冲液(pH值7.4)至试管中,55-60℃超声波振荡器上超声振荡20min后将磷脂悬浮液以1ml/支分装入2.5mL西林瓶中,进行气体交换,使西林瓶中充入全氟丙烷,即制备得到普通脂质微泡及生物素化脂质微泡MBbiotin-1。
实施例2靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1的制备
将上述制备的生物素化脂质微泡置于振荡器上,300-400rpm振荡40s,加入4mlPBS缓冲液,将其抽进注射器,400-500g离心4min,将清亮液体打出,重复上述将液体抽进注射器-离心-打出的步骤共3次,即完成摇洗。然后,按比例加入卵白素溶液和抗ICAM-1单抗(摇洗好的生物素化脂质微泡500μl,1mg/ml卵白素溶液500μl,抗ICAM-1单抗20μl),将三者充分混匀后抽入1ml注射器中,用封口盖帽将注射器封住,绑于搅拌器中,转速调至最低(20-30rpm),室温下水平旋转30min。
自制微泡的检测:
分别取制备的三种微泡各20μl,以PBS缓冲液稀释成1ml均匀分布的悬浮液。滴加10μl该悬浮液于载玻片中,并加入相同体积50%甘油混匀,压片后在显微镜下观察超声微泡的形态。
分别取已摇洗的三种微泡溶液各20μl置于自动稀释颗粒计算仪,计算出微泡粒径和浓度。
微泡的基本性质如下:肉眼观察制备的超声微泡肉眼观察外观呈乳白色混悬液,分布均匀。放置十分钟后可见浑浊出现分层,上层为乳白色的微泡,下层为透明液体。显微镜观察普通脂质微泡、生物素化脂质微泡以及靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1形态完整、规则,分布较均匀(图1)。微泡浓度和粒径检测普通脂质微泡平均粒径:1.57μm,浓度:1.0×109个/ml;生物素化脂质微泡平均粒径:1.09μm,浓度2.3×1010个/ml;靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1平均粒径:2.28μm,浓度2.4×108个/ml。
实施例3靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1的体内、体外功能验证实验
1.实验方法
1.1靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1荧光标记实验
取实施例2制备的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1 1ml,加入FITC标记的山羊抗兔IgG(1:100)1ml,绑于搅拌器上,转速调至最低,避光下室温水平旋转30min;离心去除下层液,上层微泡用PBS洗涤2次;倒置荧光显微镜中观察靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1的荧光分布情况,以实施例1制备的MBbiotin-1作为对照组。
1.2流式细胞仪检测抗ICAM-1单抗与微泡的结合率
取以上制备的荧光靶向超声微泡1ml,以生物素化微泡1ml为对照,送流式细胞仪分析微泡和抗ICAM-1单抗的结合率(检测三批不同时间制备的微泡)。
1.3微泡在大鼠肝脏显影试验
麻醉后固定SD大鼠,在尾静脉置入留置针。二维模式下(Mylab90,LA523线阵探头,频率7-10MHz,general模式,调整增 益及深度)采集大鼠的肝脏图像。依次从留置针中注入0.2mL的普通脂质微泡、生物素化脂质微泡、靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1以及SonoVue微泡,并追加0.5ml生理盐水,并将超声仪调节至造影模式(Mylab,90,LA523线阵探头,频率:7-10MHz,MI:0.8),观察大鼠肝脏显影情况。
1.4靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1的体外靶向实验
培养Hela细胞,将构建成功的ICAM-1质粒转染进Hela细胞,转染成功后加入靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1孵育30分钟,PBS洗涤除去未粘附的微泡,倒置显微镜下观察靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1与转染后的Hela细胞的粘附情况(未进行转染的Hela细胞作为对照组)。
1.5靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1的体内靶向实验
通过注射I型胶原酶制备家兔左侧跟腱炎症模型,右侧跟腱作为对照组。从家兔耳缘静脉中分别注入0.4ml的普通脂质微泡、生物素化脂质微泡MB以及靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1(注意待前一种造影剂完全消散后才能注射第二种造影剂),并追加1mL生理盐水,并将超声仪调节至造影模式(Mylab90,LA523探头,频率:7-10MHZ,MI:0.8,ankle模式),观察家兔双侧跟腱的显影情况。
2.结果
2.1靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1荧光标记实验
分别将生物素化脂质微泡、靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1与FITC标记的抗体孵育30min,PBS洗涤3次后于倒置荧光显微镜下观察:生物素化脂质微表面不表达荧光;靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1表面表达绿色荧光,如图2所示。
2.2流式细胞仪检测抗ICAM-1单抗与微泡的结合率
以生物素化脂质微泡为对照,检测抗ICAM-1单体与微泡MBICAM-1的结合率,结果显示平均结合率为86.5±5.3%。结果表明制备的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1的抗体携带率比较理想,达80%以上(图3)。
2.3微泡在大鼠肝脏显影试验
超声二维模式下观察可见大鼠肝脏边界清晰,回声均匀,内未见异常回声。造影模式下,普通脂质微泡、生物素化脂质微泡、靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1以及SonoVue(声诺维)微泡在大鼠肝脏中均呈高增强,持续时间均约10min。(图4)
2.4靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1的体外靶向实验
在倒置荧光显微镜下观察发现:成功转染并表达ICAM-1表面抗原的Hela细胞可见发出绿色荧光,周围可见粘附的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1(图5);未转染的hela细胞不表达荧光,靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1分散漂浮在细胞间。该结果表明制备的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1在体外能够成功与表达的ICAM-1表面抗原的Hela细胞特异性结合。
2.5靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1的体内靶向实验
普通脂质微泡:左侧跟腱呈微弱增强;右侧跟腱呈微弱增强。生物素化脂质微泡:左侧跟腱呈微弱增强;右侧跟腱呈微弱增强。靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1:左侧跟腱呈明显增强。右侧跟腱呈微弱增强。(图6)
上述造影增强模式的结果说明,制备的靶向超声微泡MBICAM-1在体内能与左侧跟腱特异性结合,具有明显的靶向功能,可将其作为靶向显影剂用于跟腱炎的临床诊断。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
参考文献
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Claims (5)
1.用于诊断跟腱炎的靶向显影剂,其特征在于,主要成分为载有抗ICAM-1单抗的生物素化脂质微泡;
所述抗ICAM-1单抗为bs-4618R-Bio;
所述靶向显影剂的制备方法如下:将生物素化脂质微泡、1mg/ml卵白素溶液以及抗ICAM-1单抗按25-30:25-30:1-2的体积比混匀即得;
所述生物素化脂质微泡的制备方法如下:向试管中按516-520:80-90:383-400的体积比依次加入二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、聚乙二醇-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺以及生物素-聚乙二醇-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺,混匀,在氮气流作用下至试管壁上形成一层磷脂膜,用带有透气孔的封口膜封住试管口,放入抽滤瓶中抽真空2-3小时,然后向试管中加入pH值7.4的0.1M Tris缓冲液5mL,55-60℃超声波振荡器上超声振荡20min,即得;
微泡平均粒径为1.00~2.4μm,浓度为2.4×108~2.4×1010个/mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的靶向显影剂,其特征在于,将生物素化脂质微泡、卵白素溶液以及抗ICAM-1单抗按25:25:1的体积比混合,在20-30rpm下搅拌30-35min,即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的靶向显影剂,其特征在于,所述生物素化脂质微泡的制备方法中,在0.1MPa氮气流作用下至试管壁上形成一层磷脂膜。
4.根据权利要求3所述的靶向显影剂,其特征在于,所述生物素化脂质微泡的制备方法中,二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、聚乙二醇-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺以及生物素-聚乙二醇-二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺按516:80:383的体积比混合。
5.含有权利要求1-4任一项所述靶向显影剂的诊断试剂盒。
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