CN1059963C - 同心环单光透镜结构 - Google Patents

同心环单光透镜结构 Download PDF

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CN1059963C
CN1059963C CN96107493A CN96107493A CN1059963C CN 1059963 C CN1059963 C CN 1059963C CN 96107493 A CN96107493 A CN 96107493A CN 96107493 A CN96107493 A CN 96107493A CN 1059963 C CN1059963 C CN 1059963C
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J·H·罗夫曼
E·V·曼尼泽斯
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Abstract

本发明公开一种同心圆环单光透镜结构，它通过在透镜的前表面或后表面上配置至少一种附加的周缘光学半径，相对于通行的球面接触透镜改善透镜的焦深。在透镜光学区周围设置多个同心圆环。这些同心圆环的光焦度布置包含基础球面折射光焦度与其它圆环具有的略正或较负球面折射光焦度的组合，以调解球面象差并改善视觉敏锐度。本同心圆环结构以不连续区的方式根据视觉象差校正周缘的孔径。

Description

同心环单光透镜结构
一般地说，本发明涉及同心环单光透镜结构。具体地说，本发明主题与同心环单光透镜结构有关，它针对通行的球面单光隐形眼镜或眼内透镜，在透镜周边区域采用多种附加光学曲率半径，用以改进透镜的焦深。
现有技术的隐形眼镜或眼内透镜结构试图在透镜前后光学表面中的每一个都采用相同的曲率半径来校正折射(球面)误差。这种现有技术方案的一个缺点在于，光线通过透镜的边缘区域，在透镜中部的前方趋于聚焦在眼内。这种现有技术方案使其焦深或视域，以及成象性能受到限制。
以美国专利5,050,981和5,220,359为例的现有技术揭示了采用眼体内目镜成象质量检测装置，如眼内调制传递函数(MTF)检测装置可减少视觉象差，从而提高视觉敏锐度和性能。
授予布朗的美国专利5,181,053揭示一种多焦接触透镜，在凹面中心区有一球面弯曲和围绕该中央球面区的非球面弯曲。透镜光学区内形成的球面中心使眼睛看到远处的目标，同时补偿眼睛瞳孔在夜晚扩大成非球面弯曲的径向远距离区，改善中央球面区远距离夜视能力；所述非球面弯曲具有较大的近景象非球面曲率和接近中部球面区域的较小非球面弯曲曲率。这种接触透镜结构的一个主要缺点在于，校正非球面半径的使用在实践中是难于检测和加工的。
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种多同心环单光透镜结构，它针对通行的球面单光隐形眼镜或眼内透镜，在透镜的前面或背面设置至少一种附加周缘光学半径，改善透镜的焦深和成象质量。
本发明的另一目的在于提供同心环单光透镜结构，于透镜光学区周围设置至少一个，最好是多个同心圆环。各同心圆环光焦度的配置包含基本球面折射光焦度与其它圆环的较小正球面折射光焦度或较大负球面折射光焦度的混合，用以调解球面象差并改善视觉敏锐度。所述同心圆环结构以不连续区的方式根据视觉象差校正周缘孔径。它还可省去有如布朗专利中所采用的校正非球面半径，而那在实践中是难于检测和加工的。
在通常的眼睛中，视觉象差随瞳孔孔径的增大而增加。本发明通过设计在同心圆环区内使球面半径随对应瞳孔的孔径的增加而变化，以补偿这种影响。在接触透镜中，最好将所述同心圆环设置在该接触透镜的后表面，以将跃光和眩光问题减小到最低程度，如果将同心圆环设在其前表面上，就可能遇到这些问题。
所述同心圆环区内的光焦度/半径变化选择方法可来自分类的患者经验资料或计算机光线跟踪；结果，其中使(球面)象差在同心圆环内得到补偿；或者来自利用适当的设置，如象差谱仪或MTF点散装置直接测量眼体内的视觉象差，从而可使眼体内透镜特别适合于个体的人；亦或者是将患者群体作为一个整体对保持库存的备件分类所做分析的结果。
按照这当中的工艺，本发明提供一种同心圆环单光透镜，当光线通过透镜中央区时，透镜也将通过其外缘的光线会聚在同一焦平面上或其附近，从而改善焦深和成象质量。本透镜包含一个前表面和一个相对的后表面，所述前后表面之一确定一个中央区，此区含有一个具有球形表面的圆形视盘，该球形表面对应于基础配镜处方Rx球面折射光焦度。多个圆环围绕着所述中央区，它们具有所述基础配镜处方Rx球面折射光焦度与一略正或较负的球面折射光焦度的组合，以便调解球面象差并改善视觉敏锐度。
比较详细地说，所述透镜可包括拟戴在眼睛角膜上的隐形眼镜，特别是软性水凝胶隐形眼镜，或者是眼内透镜。最好使所述中央区和各圆环形成于接触透镜的后表面上，将跃光及眩光问题减至最小程度。在几种不同的具体实施例中，多个圆环具有略正的远视配镜处方球面光焦度或较负的近视球面光焦度。在各优选实施例中，中央区由多个交替改变的球面光焦度的圆环所围绕，其中的球面光焦度包含比中央区球面光焦度略正或较负的球面光焦度。另外，可使各圆环的宽度不同，以得到变化的光焦度分布，这种变化是随着距中心距离的增加而有不同的负光焦度值。
此外，在本同心圆环结构中，可采用眼体内视觉成像质量检测设备，使视觉成像质量最佳，得到愈为改善的结构。这可利用诸如象差谱仪或MTF点散测量装置等″眼内″成象质量分析设备来实现，用以识别并降低所述同心圆环透镜与眼睛系统组合的总象差。
本发明还提供一种设计这里所述同心圆环单光透镜的方法，它包括利用作为眼睛透镜基本设计的″眼内″成象质量分析设备进行眼内成象质量分析，以检测剩余象差，然后再设计透镜，以降低所测得的剩余象差，改善视觉敏锐度及性能。所述透镜的再设计可包括将中央区和多个圆环的表面的相对表面做成非球面，或者使透镜还具有附加的有更负光焦度的球面圆环。另外，最好利用象差谱仪或MTF点散测量装置测定透镜与眼睛组合的调制传递函数。
本领域的熟练人员必须参照下列几则连同附图所得的优选实施例，才能更易于理解本发明有关同心单光透镜结构的前述目的和优点，这里的各图都以相同的参考标号表示类似的部件。其中：
图1表示一种有代表性的现有技术结构，它采用透镜前面和后面每个光学表面为一种曲率半径来校正折射误差；
图2表示与本发明技术方案有关的，给透镜的前光学表面附加周缘光学弯曲，以便把周缘光线随中央光线一起聚焦在同一焦点或焦平面上；
图3表示附加于透镜后光学表面的周缘光学弯曲；
图4是一种与本发明技术方案有关所设计的透镜优选实施例结构的顶视图，它具有带一包含基础配镜处方Rx球面光焦度之圆形视盘的中央区，所述中央区由多个交替交换的球面光焦度及球面光焦度圆环围绕，其中所述球面光焦度是比中央球面光焦度略正(对远视而言)或较负(对近视而言)的球面光焦度；
图5表示三种不同透镜实施例的基础球面光焦度配镜处方的百分数与全瞳孔的百分数的关系曲线，其中以100％的全瞳孔表示覆盖住透镜的整个光学区，而以较小的百分数表示更加靠近透镜的中央圆形视盘部分。
详细地对照各附图，图1表示一个有代表性的现有技术透镜结构10，其中透镜10的前后光学表面12、14中的每一个都采用一种曲率半径，用以校正折射误差。这种现有技术方案的缺点在于通过透镜周缘区的光线聚焦于眼内的点16处，这在通过透镜中心的光线所聚焦的点18处前面，正如图1中由光线示踪所表示者。这种现有技术方案限制了透镜的光学品质，因而也就限制了它的焦深。
按照本发明的技术方案，为使周缘的光线与中央光线聚焦在同一焦点或焦平面上，给透镜的前光学表面或后光学表面的周缘区附加至少一种，最好是几种周缘光学弯曲。
图2表示一种附加于透镜前光学表面上的周缘光学弯曲20，用以使周缘光线与中央光线聚焦在同一焦点或焦平面上。图3表示一种附加于透镜后光学表面上的周缘光学弯曲22，用以使周缘光线与中央光线聚焦在同一焦点或焦平面上。
图2中的周缘光学弯曲比原光学弯曲平缓，而图3中的周缘光学弯曲比原光学弯曲陡斜。对于接触透镜而言，最好将这种周缘光学弯曲配置在其后表面上，以将跃光和眩光问题减小到最低程度，而这些问题可能发生于将所述周缘光学弯曲配置在透镜前表面的实施方式中。
在几种优选的实施例中，本发明采用围绕中央圆形区域的多个同心圆环，提供一种改善标准单元接触透镜或眼内透镜临床视觉特性的结构。在各优选实施例中，中央区为一圆形视盘，它包含基础配镜处方Rx球面光焦度，并由多个交替变换的球面光焦度及球面光焦度圆环所围绕，其中所述球面光焦度是比中央球面光焦度略正(对远视配镜处方而言)或较负(对近视配镜处方而言)的。
在另一个可供选择的实施例中，中央区为一具有基础距离配镜处方Rx的圆形视盘，由多个具有增大的光焦度值的圆环所围绕；为给出有规则的光焦度变化，随着距离中心的半径增大，光焦度愈负或者正得更少。
图4表示一个与本发明方案有关而设计的透镜40的优选实施例，其中的中央区42为一具有基础配镜处方Rx球面光焦度的圆形视盘，由多个交替变换球面光焦度和球面光焦度圆环44、46、48、50和52围绕。各球面光焦度基本上是球面的(与非球面相对而言)光焦度。而且对于远视处方而言，它们略正于中央视盘的基础球面光焦度Rx；对于近视处方而言，它们更负于该基础球面光焦度Rx。
如图5所示，改变所述交替变换圆环各环的宽度，可得到光焦度的分布，这包括随着离开透镜中心距离的增加，负光焦度的值越大。中央球面视盘42与所围绕的圆环44到52的组合区构成透镜的有效光学区54，它由晶状体区或者说周缘区(非光学区)56围绕，此区在其周线58至周缘60处被斜切。
图5表示三种不同透镜实施例的基础球面光焦度配镜处方的百分数，其范围是从仅对中央圆形视盘配方的100％到较小的百分数，后者在针对大瞳孔直径附加了靠外的圆环时，有更小的数值。横座标为100％时表示全瞳孔的覆盖住整个透镜光学区的数值，愈近透镜中央圆形视盘部分其百分数越小。
曲线62(以方块)表示图4的透镜结构，从左上方的100％球面光焦度开始，这对应于中央视盘42，它覆盖了光学区54总面积的大约15％。随着全瞳孔的百分比增加，第一区44、然后是区46、48等分布成光焦度，直至达到100％全瞳孔，这对应于100％的光学区54。
图5的曲线64(以菱形块)表示透镜的另一种实施例，在50％全瞳孔处，透镜的光焦度降至基础球面光焦度的20％，然后在100％全瞳孔处再增加到基础球面光焦度的大约80％。
图5的曲线66(以星号)表示透镜结构的再一种实施例，其中关于曲线的左侧，透镜的光焦度开始于透镜中心处的100％基础球面光焦度，然后随着全瞳孔百分比的增加，透镜光焦度逐渐下降，于100％全瞳孔处达到基础球面处方的大约10％。
曲线66应当与上面所述的可供选择的实施例的曲线类似，那时中央区为具有基础距离配镜处方Rx的圆形视盘，由多个具有增加的或者变化的光焦度值的圆环所围绕，随着离中心的半径增加，有愈加负的或者更为小的正光焦度，以给出有规则的光焦度变化。
本发明透镜的作用在于调解患者眼睛的球面象差。由于接触透镜与眼睛系统的组合总是净剩为正像系统，所以即使所述透镜的光焦度为正的或负的，本发明结构的极性也不会改变。
本发明的一个目的从图2-5所表示的同心圆环多焦透镜结构着手，再采用眼体内成象质量分析设备，如象差谱仪或MTF点散装置，用以评定、确定并定量表示一切剩余的象差。然后再通过最好使透镜的非同心表面非球面化，或者选择将透镜的同心表面非球面化，进一步减小这些剩余的象差，改善视觉性能和敏锐度。
本发明还提供一种有关球面屈光不正、老花眼或散光的结构性能的改进，这是通过减少透镜与眼睛系统组合的象差来实现的。有关象差减少本身并不矫正屈光不正。先给目标(人)配上同心透镜，再用眼体内成象质量装置测试目标(人)，确定置于眼睛上的透镜所具有的剩余象差。继而，再设计透镜，比如附加一些更负光焦度的球面圆环，以减少所测得的剩余象差。
显然，本发明的很多不同实施例都是可能的，它们有若干个交替变换的圆环、圆环的宽度和排布可以变换，以及分配给每个圆环的光焦度也可变换。
这里虽然详细描述了本发明有关同心单光透镜结构的几种实施例及变型，但可以明白，本发明的揭示和教导为本领域的熟练人员暗示许多可选的设计。

Claims (18)

1.一种同心圆环单光透镜，它将通过透镜周缘的光线与通过透镜中央的光线聚焦于同一焦平面上，从而提高透镜的成象质量，改善它的焦深，所述透镜包含：
a.前表面和相对的后表面，其中前后表面之一确定一个中央区，它包含具有对应于基础配镜处方Rx折射光焦度表面的圆形视盘；
b.多个围绕所述中央区的圆环，它们具有基础配镜处方Rx折射光焦度与正或负的折射光焦度的组合，用以调解球面象差并改善视觉敏锐度。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述多个圆环包含球面圆环。
3.一种如权利要求2所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述圆形视盘具有球面弯曲。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述多个圆环包含非球面圆环。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述圆形视盘具有非球面弯曲。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述透镜包括拟配戴于眼睛角膜上的接触透镜。
7.一种如权利要求6所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述接触透镜包括软性水凝胶隐形眼镜。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述透镜包括眼内透镜。
9.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于对于远视配镜处方，所述多个圆环具有正的球面光焦度。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于对于近视配镜处方，所述多个圆环具有负的球面光焦度。
11.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述中央区由多个交替变换的球面光焦度的圆环围绕，其中的球面光焦度包含比中央区球面光焦度正的或者负的球面光焦度。
12.一种如权利要求11所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述各圆环的宽度不同，以产生随着离中心距离的增加有不同负光焦度值的变化的光焦度分布。
13.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述中央区及多个圆环形成于透镜的后表面，以将跃光和眩光问题减至最小程度。
14.一种如权利要求1所述的同心圆环单光透镜，其特征在于所述多个圆环随着离中心半径的增加具有增加的光焦度值，即光焦度负得更多或正得更小，以给出有规则的光焦度变化。
15.一种设计同心圆环单光透镜的方法，所述透镜将通过透镜周缘的光线与通过透镜中央的光线聚焦在同一焦平面上，以提高成象质量并改善焦深，该透镜包括：
a.前表面和相对的后表面，其中前后表面之一确定一个中央区，它包含具有对应于基础配镜处方Rx折射光焦度的圆形视盘；
b.多个围绕所述中央区的圆环，它们具有基础配镜处方Rx折射光焦度与正或负的折射光焦度的组合，用以调解球面象差并改善视觉敏锐度，
其特征在于所述方法包括下述步骤：
c.以眼内成象质量分析设备进行眼睛上的透镜的眼内成象质量分析，检测所有剩余象差；
d.通过再设计透镜减少所测得的剩余象差，以改善视觉敏锐度和视觉性能。
16.一种如权利要求15所述的设计同心圆环单光透镜的方法，其特征在于，将透镜中央区和至少一个圆环的表面的相对表面做成非球面。
17.一种如权利要求15所述的设计同心圆环单光透镜的方法，其特征在于，将透镜做成还包括附加的具有更负光焦度的球面圆环。
18.一种如权利要求15所述的设计同心圆环单光透镜的方法，其特征在于所述要进行的步骤包含利用象差谱仪或MTF点散测量装置检测透镜与眼睛组合的调制传递函数。
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ZA963547B (en) 1997-11-03
AU692381B2 (en) 1998-06-04
EP0742466A3 (en) 1998-11-04
NO961804L (no) 1996-11-05
CN1165309A (zh) 1997-11-19
KR960042118A (ko) 1996-12-21
SG45469A1 (en) 1998-01-16
IL118063A0 (en) 1996-08-04
CA2175630C (en) 2007-03-27
HUP9601158A2 (en) 1997-01-28
ATE246370T1 (de) 2003-08-15
JP4519205B2 (ja) 2010-08-04
US5684560A (en) 1997-11-04
CA2175630A1 (en) 1996-11-05
DE69629237D1 (de) 2003-09-04
AU5206596A (en) 1996-11-14
DE69629237T2 (de) 2004-05-13
EP0742466B1 (en) 2003-07-30
TW334516B (en) 1998-06-21
HU9601158D0 (en) 1996-06-28
NO961804D0 (no) 1996-05-03
BR9602147A (pt) 1998-06-30
EP0742466A2 (en) 1996-11-13
JPH08338969A (ja) 1996-12-24

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