CN105992705A - 用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105992705A
CN105992705A CN201480064974.4A CN201480064974A CN105992705A CN 105992705 A CN105992705 A CN 105992705A CN 201480064974 A CN201480064974 A CN 201480064974A CN 105992705 A CN105992705 A CN 105992705A
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motor
variator
shaft
axle
driving means
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CN201480064974.4A
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CN105992705B (zh
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C·迈克斯纳
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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    • Y10S903/914—Actuated, e.g. engaged or disengaged by electrical, hydraulic or mechanical means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/916—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with plurality of drive axles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置，具有内燃机(12)、变速器(14)以及在变速器(14)下游连接的电机(32)。如下提出：电机(32)作为独立的结构单元(16)布置在机动车中并且利用至少一个连接轴(20、46)连接到所述变速器(14)的其中一个轴(38、40)上。

Description

用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置。
背景技术
例如DE 10 2007 036 098 A1公开了这种具体类型的驱动装置，其中在机动车的标准驱动系统中将电机集成到从前变速器或其输出轴引导至后侧的车桥差速器的万向轴中。此外，减速-行星传动机构被集成到电机的壳体中，通过其电机的布置在空心轴上的转子作用于万向轴，或者通过电机作为发电机工作而能驱动该转子。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，提供具体类型的驱动装置，其能够用于在有万向轴或无万向轴的情况下驱动机动车并且实现较大的结构方面的自由度或者广泛的使用范围。
该目的通过权利要求1所述的特征得到解决。本发明的有利的改进方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明提出，电机作为独立的结构单元布置在机动车中并且利用至少一个连接轴连接到变速器的其中一个轴上。特别优选地，电机此外能够被定位在机动车的底板的中部纵向通道中。结构单元由此能够结构有利地并且相应于规定的要求地被连接到变速器并且与其连接地使用变速器中的期望的变速比。电机能够单独地或者与机动车的内燃机以混合动力驱动地进行驱动或者作为发电机工作从而在回收运行中或者在内燃机作用下产生电能和/或必要时作为起动马达使用。
为此，电机的轴能够通过齿轮级与连接轴耦联。这具有如下的优点，即电机能够相对于连接轴不同轴(desachsiert)地定位，这显著地有利于结构单元在中部纵向通道内部的布置；此外，通过齿轮级，从电机至传动轴的变速比能够有目的地被改变。
此外，能够适宜的是，电机的转子和/或齿轮级能够通过集成到结构单元中的离合器与变速器脱耦。由此，在机动车的仅由内燃机驱动的模式中，电机能够效率有利地停止运转。
变速器的、与连接轴耦联的轴可以是变速器的输入轴，从而连接轴类似于内燃机的转速地运转并且由此变速器的所有的变速级也能够用于电机。
替代地，变速器的、与连接轴耦联的轴可以是其输出轴，其中，而后能够在齿轮级和电机的轴之间设置有一个或者多个、能够接入的变速级，借助于这些变速级，电机的转速能够有利地匹配机动车的行驶速度或者能够匹配其驱动转矩。
对于前置驱动设备的后驱(前置后驱动)机动车，其中变速器的输出轴通过万向轴输出到后车桥差速器，至后车桥差速器的力流可以优选通过中间轴实现，中间轴穿过电机的空心轴并且该中间轴不仅与电机的转子传动连接而且与输出万向轴传动连接。
然而，特别优选地提出如下：对于具有前置驱动设备的后驱机动车，变速器的输出轴通过万向轴输出到后车桥差速器，至电机的力流通过连接到变速器的输入轴的连接轴实现并且至万向轴的力流通过连接到变速器的输出轴的第二连接轴和中间轴实现，其中，中间轴穿过电机的空心轴。电机由此传动到变速器的输入轴，而其输出轴结构有利地穿过电机的转子驱动后车桥差速器。在此，为了匹配变速比，然而尤其为了实现结构单元中的轴的有利的轴间距，与输出轴连接的第二连接轴能够通过第二齿轮级作用到中间轴。
此外，在本发明的有利的改进方案中，对于变速器输出至前车桥差速器的机动车全轮驱动系统，从变速器的后面的、反向的输出轴至后车桥差速器的力流能够借助于离合器脱耦。由此，在内燃机驱动模式中、混合动力模式中以及电机驱动模式中都能够使全轮驱动被切断，并且机动车能够效率有利地仅以前驱动(例如在车辆速度较高时)运行。离合器在此优选地可以集成到含电机的结构单元中。
最后，尤其从效率技术方面的原因出发提出：在电机和第一连接轴之间的离合器以及/或者第二连接轴和万向轴之间的离合器分别接入在对应的齿轮级上游，从而分别在离合器分离时，没有力流或者说驱动力矩通过齿轮级和必要时接下来的传动元件。
附图说明
本发明的多个实施例接下来根据随附的、示意性的附图更详细地解释。
其示出：
图1以俯视图示出前驱的机动车的驱动装置，具有内燃机、变速器和通过连接轴连接到变速器的、具有电机的结构单元；
图2作为框图示出了根据图1的具有电机的结构单元，其中连接轴与变速器的输入轴连接；
图3示出了替代于图2的结构单元，其中电机通过能够转换的变速级输出到连接到变速器的输出轴处的连接轴上；
图4示出具有电机的结构单元的另外的框图，其中电机和用于机动车的额外的后驱动的输出的万向轴通过中间轴耦联到变速器的输出轴处；
图5示出了结构单元的与图4不同的构造方案，其中电机通过第一连接轴以及输出的万向轴通过第二连接轴连接到变速器的输入轴和输出轴处；
图6示出替代于图5的结构单元，具有两个集成到结构单元中的离合器，借助于离合器电机和输出的万向轴在前部支承齿轮级前面的力流中能够脱耦；以及
图7示出结构单元的替代于图5的另外的替代的构造方案，结构单元具有电机和两个通向变速器的连接轴，其中切断后驱动的离合器布置在变速器内部在输出轴上。
具体实施方式
在图1中以俯视图粗略示意性地示出前驱式机动车的混合动力驱动装置10，混合动力驱动装置主要由内燃机12、变速器14以及布置在独立的结构单元16中的电机32(图2以及接下来的图)组成。内燃机12和变速器14可以是已知的结构类型并且因此不再进一步说明。
结构单元16通过连接轴20与变速器14传动连接，其中，在连接轴20中鉴于不对齐的轴转动轴线而设置有铰接件22。在本实施例中，前车桥差速器按已知的方式集成在变速器14内部，该前车桥差速器通过驱动轴24驱动机动车的前轮。
内燃机12、变速器14和结构单元16通过标画出的悬置系统26固定在机动车车身上，其中，结构单元16定位在布置在底板28上的中部纵向通道30内部。
图2以框图示出了结构单元16的构造，在其壳体16a中布置有电机32，电机具有环形的定子32a和环形的转子32b。
转子32b在此具有空心轴32c，该空心轴在以能转动的方式支承在壳体16a中的中间轴34上延伸并且该空心轴带有离合器K1(例如液压控制的膜片式离合器或者同步离合器)，通过该离合器能使转子32b联接到中间轴34。
中间轴34通过集成的含齿轮36a、36b的齿轮级36与连接轴20传动连接，该连接轴另一方面连接到变速器14的输入轴38(仅示意出)。要注意的是，就此相应地调整变速器14，或者说所述的输入轴38从变速器14的变速器壳体向后伸出，并且通过合适的连接机构(插接连接或者法兰)与连接轴20连接。
根据结构单元16的传动技术的设计方案，在离合器K1接合的情况下可以通过电机32驱动变速器14的输入轴38并且通过其内部的变速级和集成的输出轴驱动机动车的前轮。在作为发电机工作的情况下，在回收运行中或通过耦联的内燃机12可以(使电机)为机动车的车载能量供应网或者动力电池供电。此外，必要时内燃机12能够被起动(变速器被切换到空挡)。
此外，通过离合器K1的分离，电机32能够与连接轴20或与变速器14脱耦。
图3示出结构单元16的替代于图2的构造方案。功能方面相同的部件设有相同的附图标记。这仅限于避免对显著的区别的重复。同样的情况也适用于进一步下面的附图说明。
根据图3，结构单元16的连接轴20连接到变速器14的仅示意性示出的输出轴40，输出轴与此相应地从变速器14的壳体伸出并且设有连接机构(插接齿部或者连接法兰)。
连接轴20通过齿轮级36与中间轴34传动连接，中间轴34不是直接地(类似于图2)与电机32的转子32b耦联，而是通过形成至少两个变速级的换挡装置42(其例如可以是如在换挡机构中已知的那样的双同步离合器或者行星传动机构)与电机32的转子32b耦联。
通过例如能够电机械地转换的换挡装置42，电机32优选能够用于机动车的启动并且在较低的速度范围中能够被转换到较短的速比(较高的转矩)中并且在较高的速度范围中能够被转换到较长的速比。此外，电机32的功能是如相对于图2所说明的那样的，其中，通过输出轴40机动车的前轮又通过集成到变速器14中的车桥差速器驱动。
在图4中示出如下的结构单元16，该结构单元与图3主要在以下方面不同，即中间轴34经过集成的离合器K2(其优选可以是液压控制的膜片式离合器)壳体16a伸出并且与万向轴44(仅示意性示出)传动连接。通过万向轴44能够按已知方式驱动后车桥差速器或者说除了机动车的前轮外还能够驱动后轮。
后轮驱动能够通过离合器K2被切断，其中，这尤其在车辆速度较高时出于效率的原因是有利的。替代地，后轮驱动的接通也可以与机动车的轮的滑移值相关地或者以其它方式进行控制。
图5示出了结构单元16的另外的、特别优选的构造方案，具有如下显著的区别，即此处电机32通过第一连接轴20类似于图2地连接到变速器14的输入轴38，而中间轴34通过第二连接轴46类似于图4与变速器14的输出轴40传动连接。
在此，变速器14的输出轴40通过连接轴46和齿轮级36传动到中间轴34并且中间轴通过离合器K2传动到万向轴44。
而变速器14的输入轴38通过连接轴20和同样轴向错开的齿轮级36(两个齿轮级36在其速比方面可以是不同的)以及通过离合器K1与电机32的转子32b耦联。
在此，齿轮级36的齿轮36a和离合器K1以及转子32b的空心轴32c以能相对于中间轴34转动的方式支承在中间轴34上或者说与中间轴34脱耦。
由此，电机32可以如针对图2所说明的那样输出到变速器14的输入轴38，而通过输出轴40和脱耦的中间轴34也能够驱动机动车的后轮。
图6和7示出结构单元16的替代于图5的构造方案，其中，离合器K1的和K2的布置不同地实施。
由此，离合器K1在图6和7中布置在连接轴20和齿轮级36之间，从而在离合器K1分离时，至电机32的力流被中断或者说没有转矩或者拖曳扭矩通过齿轮级36作用到电机32上。
此外，根据图6，离合器K2在结构单元16的壳体16a内部定位在连接轴46和对应的齿轮级36之间，由此同样在离合器K2分离(切断后轴)时，齿轮级36被卸载。
与图6不同，根据图7离合器K2(仅仅示意性示出)可以在结构单元16外布置在变速器14的变速器壳体14a内部并且由此能够直接地与输出轴40的从变速器壳体14a引导出的区段脱耦。
本发明不局限于示出的实施例。根据驱动方式(前驱动、后驱动或者全轮驱动)尤其对于本领域专业人员来说在结构单元16方面常用的变换是可行的，其在示出的附图的变换方案中得出。
结构单元16优选可以如下地布置在中部纵向通道30(图1)内部，使得必要时存在的横臂或者副车架能够用于其固定。通过相对于变速器14分开地布置结构单元16实现了平静运转的、无振动的布置，其此外能够空间有利地放置在机动车的底板处以及中部纵向通道30的内部。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于混合动力机动车的驱动装置，具有：
-内燃机(12)，
-变速器(14)以及
-在所述变速器(14)下游连接的电机(18)，
其特征在于，
所述电机(32)在机动车中布置在独立的结构单元(16)中并且利用至少一个连接轴(20、46)连接到变速器(14)的其中一个轴(38、40)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述结构单元(16)连同电机(32)定位在机动车的底板(28)的中部纵向通道(30)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述电机(32)的轴(32c)通过齿轮级(36)与连接轴(20)耦联。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述电机(32)的转子(32b)和/或齿轮级(36)能够通过集成到结构单元(16)中的离合器(K1)与变速器(14)脱耦。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，变速器(14)的与连接轴(20)耦联的轴是变速器的输入轴(38)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，变速器(14)的与连接轴(20)耦联的轴是变速器的输出轴(40)，在齿轮级(36)和电机(32)的轴(32b)之间设置有换挡装置(42)用于切换多个变速级。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，对于驱动设备前置并且后驱动的机动车，其中变速器(14)的输出轴(40)通过万向轴(44)驱动后车桥差速器，其特征在于，至后车桥差速器的力流通过中间轴(34)实现，所述中间轴穿过电机(32)的空心轴(32c)，所述中间轴不仅与电机(32)的转子(32b)传动连接而且与万向轴(44)传动地连接。
8.根据前述权利要求1至6中任一项所述的驱动装置，对于驱动设备前置并且后驱动的机动车，其中变速器(14)的输出轴(40)通过万向轴(44)驱动后车桥差速器，其特征在于，至电机(32)的力流通过连接到变速器(14)的输入轴(38)的连接轴(20)实现，至万向轴(44)的力流通过连接到变速器(14)的输出轴(40)的第二连接轴(46)和中间轴(34)实现，其中，中间轴(34)穿过电机(32)的空心轴(32c)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，与输出轴(40)连接的第二连接轴(46)通过第二齿轮级(36)作用于中间轴(34)。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，对于变速器(14)输出至前车桥差速器的机动车全轮驱动系统，从变速器(14)的后输出轴(40)至后车桥差速器的力流能够借助于离合器(K2)切断。
11.根据权利要求10所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述离合器(K2)集成到具有所述电机(32)的结构单元(16)中。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，在电机(32)和第一连接轴(20)之间的离合器(K1)以及/或者第二连接轴(46)和万向轴(44)之间的离合器(K2)各自连接到相应的齿轮级(36)上游。
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