CN105987200B - 多路阀 - Google Patents

多路阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105987200B
CN105987200B CN201510059233.3A CN201510059233A CN105987200B CN 105987200 B CN105987200 B CN 105987200B CN 201510059233 A CN201510059233 A CN 201510059233A CN 105987200 B CN105987200 B CN 105987200B
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rotary spool
valve body
shaft sleeve
rotary
way valve
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CN105987200A (zh
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万明敏
姚建设
高智
李学富
陈云召
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Karamay Jinniu Xintai Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd
Wuhu King-Bull Infortec Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd
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Karamay Jinniu Xintai Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd
Wuhu King-Bull Infortec Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510059233.3A priority Critical patent/CN105987200B/zh
Application filed by Karamay Jinniu Xintai Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd, Wuhu King-Bull Infortec Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd filed Critical Karamay Jinniu Xintai Petroleum Equipment Co Ltd
Priority to US15/549,051 priority patent/US10323756B2/en
Priority to DE112015006106.1T priority patent/DE112015006106B4/de
Priority to CA2975156A priority patent/CA2975156C/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/075044 priority patent/WO2016123845A1/zh
Priority to RU2017124634A priority patent/RU2657037C1/ru
Publication of CN105987200A publication Critical patent/CN105987200A/zh
Priority to NO20171423A priority patent/NO346762B1/no
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/08—Details
    • F16K5/14—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together
    • F16K5/18—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with cylindrical surfaces
    • F16K5/181—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with cylindrical surfaces with the housing or parts of the housing mechanically pressing the seals against the plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/072—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members
    • F16K11/074—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members with flat sealing faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/08—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks
    • F16K11/085—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/04—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves
    • F16K27/044—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves slide valves with flat obturating members
    • F16K27/045—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves slide valves with flat obturating members with pivotal obturating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/072—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/072—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members
    • F16K11/074—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members with flat sealing faces
    • F16K11/0743—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with pivoted closure members with flat sealing faces with both the supply and the discharge passages being on one side of the closure plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/08—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks
    • F16K11/085—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug
    • F16K11/0856—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only taps or cocks with cylindrical plug having all the connecting conduits situated in more than one plane perpendicular to the axis of the plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K41/00—Spindle sealings
    • F16K41/02—Spindle sealings with stuffing-box ; Sealing rings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86863—Rotary valve unit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sliding Valves (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种多路阀，包括上阀体、下阀体和旋转阀芯，上阀体和下阀体分别开设有上安装孔和下安装孔，旋转阀芯分别穿设上安装孔和下安装孔；旋转阀芯形成有朝向上阀体的第一台阶面，下安装孔中设置有位于旋转阀芯下方的调节螺母，通过调整调节螺母使旋转阀芯轴上下移动以调节第一台阶面与上阀体之间的轴向间隙。当环境温度发生变化时，可以通过旋转调节螺母改变旋转阀芯的轴向位置来补充旋转阀芯长度的变化量，从而使旋转阀芯总具有合理的轴向游隙，进而使旋转阀芯在不同温度下均能够灵活转动。

Description

多路阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多路阀，尤其涉及一种用于对油井单井产量轮番计量，以获得动态油井生产数据的具有调隙双密封结构的多路阀，属于石油、化工等油气集输系统领域。
背景技术
在原油开采技术中，特别是在试验采油技术中，大量的过热蒸汽注入井下，使得油井产出液温度很高(一般为210℃-270℃)。因此，原油开采所使用的设备必须满足高温高压的条件。中国专利，申请号为201320031213.1的专利提供了一种多路阀，该多路阀用于这种高温高压的采油环境中，该多路阀的旋转阀芯穿设上阀体和下阀体的装配孔，并通过滚动轴承安装在上阀体和下阀体上，在高温下，旋转阀芯会发生膨胀，从而使旋转阀芯的直径和长度都有较大幅度的增加，特别是旋转阀芯的长度增加的更为明显，滚动轴承在安装时可设置一定的轴向游隙以补偿旋转阀芯长度的增加，但是这种补偿是有限的，只适用于旋转阀芯具有较小伸长量的情况，当旋转阀芯在高温环境下具有较大伸长量时，滚动轴承的轴向游隙无法补偿使得旋转阀芯紧抵滚动轴承，从而使旋转阀芯转动不顺畅甚至卡死。此外，在高温高压环境下，多路阀还容易产生漏油现象，为解决上述难题，需要考虑以下几点：
1、设置合理的旋转阀芯的轴向游隙以防止旋转阀芯因上述原因在旋转时卡死。
2、采用安全可靠的密封以防止漏油。
3、旋转阀芯径向定位以防止旋转阀芯与上阀体和下阀体粘接或因内外温差引起的膨胀不一致而导致的卡死。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种在不同温度环境下，旋转阀芯均能够灵活转动的多路阀。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种多路阀，包括上阀体、下阀体和旋转阀芯，所述上阀体和所述下阀体分别开设有同轴的上安装孔和下安装孔，所述旋转阀芯的上端穿过并伸出所述上安装孔，其下端伸至所述下安装孔中；位于所述上阀体下方的所述旋转阀芯形成有朝向所述上阀体的第一台阶面，所述下安装孔中设置有位于所述旋转阀芯下方的调节螺母，所述调节螺母与所述下安装孔的孔壁螺纹连接，通过调整所述调节螺母使所述旋转阀芯轴上下移动以调节所述第一台阶面与所述上阀体之间的轴向间隙。
优选地，所述上安装孔与所述旋转阀芯之间装设有上轴套；所述下安装孔与所述旋转阀芯之间装设有下轴套。
优选地，所述旋转阀芯形成有与所述下轴套的上端抵靠的第二台阶面，所述下轴套的下端凸出于所述旋转阀芯的下端以使所述调节螺母抵靠在所述下轴套的下端。
优选地，所述下轴套的上端径向外延形成法兰盘，所述法兰盘相对的两面分别与所述第二台阶面和所述下安装孔的上外缘相抵接；所述法兰盘上开设有多个限位孔，所述下阀体螺纹连接有多个分别穿过所述限位孔的螺栓，且所述限位孔的径向尺寸大于所述螺栓的螺栓帽的最大径向尺寸。
优选地，所述下轴套与所述下阀体之间以及所述下轴套与所述旋转阀芯之间均设置有密封圈。
优选地，所述上轴套装设在所述上阀体的下部以使当所述旋转阀芯向上移动时，所述第一台阶面与所述上轴套的下端抵靠。
优选地，位于所述上阀体的上部的所述上安装孔的孔壁与所述旋转阀芯之间形成有环形间隙，所述环形间隙中填充有密封填料，所述旋转阀芯上套设有压套，所述压套抵压在所述密封填料上，并通过紧固件预紧所述压套。
优选地，所述旋转阀芯的中部开设有贯通的第一通道，所述上阀体内开设有与所述第一通道相对的贯通的第二通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道相对端设置有阀座环，所述第一通道的内壁上形成环形的第三台阶面，所述阀座环与所述第三台阶面之间的所述第一通道内设置位于所述第三台阶面上的内六角螺母，所述内六角螺母上设置在所述内六角螺母的作用下变形产生轴向力的碟形弹簧，所述碟形弹簧的上方设置在所述碟形弹簧的作用下向上顶推的推力环，所述推力环与所述阀座环之间设置用于密封所述旋转阀芯与所述阀座环的密封环。
与现有技术相比，本发明的多路阀的有益效果是：
1、本发明的多路阀的旋转阀芯的第一台阶面与所述上阀体之间的轴向间隙实际上就是旋转阀芯的轴向游隙，因此，可以通过旋转调节螺母来调节旋转阀芯的轴向游隙，更重要的是，当环境温度发生变化时，可以通过旋转调节螺母改变旋转阀芯的轴向位置来补充旋转阀芯长度的变化量，从而使旋转阀芯总具有合理的轴向游隙，进而使旋转阀芯在不同温度下均能够灵活转动。
2、本发明的优选实施例中，通过设置在上阀体的上轴套和设置在下阀体上的下轴套使旋转阀芯径向定位，从而使旋转阀芯能够承受一定的径向载荷，且上轴套和下轴套的结构简单、安装方便。
3、本发明的优选实施例中，多路阀的上阀体与旋转阀芯之间填充有密封填料，该密封填料能够有效防止多路阀内的油液从上阀体泄露，这种形式的密封安装可靠，可长期使用，免维修。
附图说明
图1为本发明的多路阀的结构示意图；
图2为图1的A部分的放大视图；
图3为图1的B部分的放大视图；
图4为图1的C部分的放大视图。
图中：
1-上阀体；2-下阀体；3-旋转阀芯；31-第一台阶面；32-第二台阶面；4-调节螺母；5-下轴套；51-法兰盘；52-螺栓；6-上轴套；7-压套；8-密封填料；9-螺母；10-密封圈；11-第二通道；12-阀座环；13-第一通道；14-推力环；15-密封环；16-碟形弹簧；17-内六角螺母；18-第三台阶面；19-计量口。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好的理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
如图1-图3所示，本发明的实施例提供了一种多路阀，该多路阀用于高温高压下的采油环境中，该多路阀包括上阀体1、下阀体2以及旋转阀芯3，上阀体1与下阀体2安装在一起，且上阀体1与下阀体2之间通过密封结构或密封件实现密封。上阀体1开设有上安装孔，下阀体2开设有与上安装孔同轴的下安装孔，下阀体2上开设有计量口19，且计量口19位于下安装孔的下方，并与下安装孔贯通。旋转阀芯3穿设上阀体1的上安装孔和下阀体2的下安装孔，且旋转阀芯3的上端伸出上阀体1，其下端伸入下阀体2的下安装孔的一段；未被旋转阀芯3伸入的下安装孔中设置有抵靠在旋转阀芯3的下端的调节螺母4，该调节螺母4为内六角螺母，其外周开设有外螺纹，调节螺母4与下安装孔螺纹连接；在靠近上阀体1的下端的旋转阀芯3上形成一个朝向上阀体1的环形的第一台阶面31，该旋转阀芯3相当于一个具有轴肩的阶梯轴，该第一台阶面31相当于阶梯轴的轴肩。如此，使用专用工具从计量口19伸入来调整调节螺母4使旋转阀芯3上下移动以调节第一台阶面31与上阀体1之间的轴向间隙。
由上述可知，第一台阶面31与上阀体1之间的轴向间隙实际上就是旋转阀芯3的轴向游隙，也就是说旋转阀芯3轴向窜动量等于与上阀体2的轴向间隙量。通过旋转调节螺母4以补偿旋转阀芯3因不同温度产生的不同伸长量，使不同温度下的旋转阀芯3均具有合理的轴向游隙，从而使旋转阀芯3在不同温度下均能够灵活转动。
本发明的多路阀的旋转阀芯3的轴向游隙可调，且调节范围较大，因此，旋转阀芯3在较大温度范围内均能够实现灵活转动，特别是在高温环境下，通过旋转调节螺母4使旋转阀芯3不会因其伸长量过大而被卡死。
为实现旋转阀芯3的径向定位，在本发明的一个优选实施例中，如图1-图3所示，上安装孔与旋转阀芯3之间装设有上轴套6，下安装孔与旋转阀芯3之间装设有下轴套5，且上轴套6与上阀体1过盈配合以及上轴套6与旋转阀芯3间隙配合以防止上轴套6随旋转阀芯3一同转动，上轴套6和下轴套5的硬度小于旋转阀芯3的硬度以便旋转阀芯3的磨损量小于上轴套6和下轴套5的磨损量，并防止旋转阀芯3在转动时，上轴套6和下轴套5划伤旋转阀芯3的表面。更重要的是，若旋转阀芯3与上轴套6和下轴套5的硬度相同容易使旋转阀芯3卡死，旋转阀芯3与上轴套6和下轴套5具有硬度差会使旋转阀芯3的转动更加灵活，能有效防止旋转阀芯3卡死，优选地，旋转阀芯3的硬度与上轴套6和下轴套5的硬度差为：HRC5～HRC6。本实施例中，旋转阀芯3形成有第二台阶面32，该第二台阶面32与下轴套5的上端抵靠，且下轴套5的下端凸出于旋转阀芯3的下端并与调节螺母4抵靠；上轴套6装设在上阀体1的下部，且上轴套6具体位置设置成当旋转阀芯3向上移动时，第一台阶面31与上轴套6的下端抵靠。如此，调节螺母4通过推抵下轴套5使旋转阀芯3上下移动以防止因调节螺母4与旋转阀芯3直接抵靠而对旋转阀芯3的旋转产生阻力，并且由于旋转阀芯3向上移动后与上轴套6抵靠而不与上阀体1的下端抵靠，上阀体1的下端无需加工，节省了加工成本。
为防止下轴套5随旋转阀芯3一同转动，在本发明的一个优选实施例中，如图1和图2所示，下轴套5的上端径向外延形成法兰盘51，法兰盘51相对的两面分别与第二台阶面32和下安装孔的上外缘相抵接；法兰盘51上开设有多个限位孔，下阀体2螺纹连接有多个分别穿过限位孔的螺栓52，且限位孔的径向尺寸大于螺栓52的螺栓帽的最大径向尺寸。如此，由于螺栓52的限制使得下轴套5不会随旋转阀芯3一同转动。为防止多路阀内的油液从下轴套5与下阀体2的间隙中以及下轴套5与旋转阀芯3间隙中泄露，在本实施中，下轴套5与下阀体2之间以及下轴套5与旋转阀芯3之间均设置有密封圈10。
为防止多路阀内的油液从上阀体1与旋转阀芯3之间的间隙中泄露，需要在上阀体1与旋转阀芯3之间形成密封，具体地，在上安装孔上端开设一个沉孔，该沉孔的孔壁与旋转阀芯3形成了一个环形间隙，在该环形间隙中填充密封填料8(密封填料8的材质可以为石墨)，用套设在旋转阀芯3上的压套7抵压在密封填料8上，并通过紧固件预紧以使压套7始终对密封填料8保持一定压力，本实施例中的紧固件为螺纹连接在上阀体1上端面上的螺栓和套设在螺栓上的螺母9，通过旋转螺母9调节压套7对密封填料8的压力，进而使密封填料8能够在不同温度、压强条件下均起到良好的密封。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，如图1和图4所示，旋转阀芯3的中部开设有贯通的第一通道13，该第一通道13一端与计量口19连通，上阀体11内开设有与第一通道13的另一端相对且贯通的第二通道11，阀座环12设置于第一通道13与第二通道11相对的端内，为了实现旋转阀芯3与阀座环12之间的密封，采用了如下的密封结构：第一通道13的内壁上形成有第三台阶面18，阀座环12与第三台阶面18之间的第一通道13内设置位于第三台阶面18上的内六角螺母17，内六角螺母17包括外径不等的圆柱状的两部分，外径较大的一端位于第三台阶面18上，外径较小的一端朝向阀座环12，外径较小的圆柱状部分外套设有碟形弹簧16，碟形弹簧16上设置有推力环14，推力环14与第一通道13的内壁之间设置密封环15。
多路阀在高温高压环境中工作前，通过专用工具逆时针旋转调节螺母4，使之旋转70°-90°，使旋转阀芯3的轴向游隙保持在0.58mm-0.75mm，如此，多路阀在高温高压下工作时，旋转阀芯3在热膨胀后仍有足够的轴向游隙供自身灵活转动。
综上所述，本发明的多路阀的优点是：
1、本发明的多路阀的旋转阀芯3的第一台阶面31与上阀体1之间的轴向间隙实际上就是旋转阀芯3的轴向游隙，因此，可以通过旋转调节螺母4来调节旋转阀芯3的轴向游隙，更重要的是，当环境温度发生变化时，可以通过旋转调节螺母4改变旋转阀芯3的轴向位置来补充旋转阀芯3长度的变化量，从而使旋转阀芯3总具有合理的轴向游隙，进而使旋转阀芯3在不同温度下均能够灵活转动。
2、本发明的优选实施例中，通过设置在上阀体1的上轴套6和设置在下阀体2上的下轴套5使旋转阀芯3径向定位，从而使旋转阀芯3能够承受一定的径向载荷，且上轴套6和下轴套5的结构简单、安装方便。
3、本发明的优选实施例中，多路阀的上阀体1与旋转阀芯3之间填充有密封填料8，该密封填料8能够有效防止多路阀内的油液从上阀体1泄露，这种形式的密封安装可靠，可长期使用，免维修。
以上实施例仅为本发明的示例性实施例，不用于限制本发明，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的实质和保护范围内，对本发明做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种多路阀，包括上阀体、下阀体和旋转阀芯，其特征在于，所述上阀体和所述下阀体分别开设有同轴的上安装孔和下安装孔，所述旋转阀芯的上端穿过并伸出所述上安装孔，其下端伸至所述下安装孔中；位于所述上阀体下方的所述旋转阀芯形成有朝向所述上阀体的第一台阶面，所述第一台阶面与所述上阀体之间的轴向间隙是旋转阀芯的轴向游隙，所述下安装孔中设置有位于所述旋转阀芯下方的调节螺母，所述调节螺母与所述下安装孔的孔壁螺纹连接，通过调整所述调节螺母使所述旋转阀芯轴上下移动以调节所述第一台阶面与所述上阀体之间的轴向间隙。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多路阀，其特征在于，所述上安装孔与所述旋转阀芯之间装设有上轴套；所述下安装孔与所述旋转阀芯之间装设有下轴套。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多路阀，其特征在于，所述旋转阀芯形成有与所述下轴套的上端抵靠的第二台阶面，所述下轴套的下端凸出于所述旋转阀芯的下端以使所述调节螺母抵靠在所述下轴套的下端。
4.根据权利要求3所述的多路阀，其特征在于，所述下轴套的上端径向外延形成法兰盘，所述法兰盘相对的两面分别与所述第二台阶面和所述下安装孔的上外缘相抵接；所述法兰盘上开设有多个限位孔，所述下阀体螺纹连接有多个分别穿过所述限位孔的螺栓，且所述限位孔的径向尺寸大于所述螺栓的螺栓帽的最大径向尺寸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多路阀，其特征在于，所述下轴套与所述下阀体之间以及所述下轴套与所述旋转阀芯之间均设置有密封圈。
6.根据权利要求2所述的多路阀，其特征在于，所述上轴套装设在所述上阀体的下部以使当所述旋转阀芯向上移动时，所述第一台阶面与所述上轴套的下端抵靠。
7.根据权利要求6所述的多路阀，其特征在于，位于所述上阀体的上部的所述上安装孔的孔壁与所述旋转阀芯之间形成有环形间隙，所述环形间隙中填充有密封填料，所述旋转阀芯上套设有压套，所述压套抵压在所述密封填料上，并通过紧固件预紧所述压套。
8.根据权利要求7所述的多路阀，其特征在于，所述旋转阀芯的中部开设有贯通的第一通道，所述上阀体内开设有与所述第一通道相对的贯通的第二通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道相对端设置有阀座环，所述第一通道的内壁上形成环形的第三台阶面，所述阀座环与所述第三台阶面之间的所述第一通道内设置位于所述第三台阶面上的内六角螺母，所述内六角螺母上设置在所述内六角螺母的作用下变形产生轴向力的碟形弹簧，所述碟形弹簧的上方设置在所述碟形弹簧的作用下向上顶推的推力环，所述推力环与所述阀座环之间设置用于密封所述旋转阀芯与所述阀座环的密封环。
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