CN105985105A - 一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料 - Google Patents

一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料 Download PDF

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CN105985105A
CN105985105A CN201511012902.8A CN201511012902A CN105985105A CN 105985105 A CN105985105 A CN 105985105A CN 201511012902 A CN201511012902 A CN 201511012902A CN 105985105 A CN105985105 A CN 105985105A
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高恒东
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料，由下列重量份的原料制成：纯铝粉54-56、氧化铁红159-162、硝酸钴18-19、氯化镍18-19、正硅酸乙酯37-38、无水乙醇74-76、纳米Y-ZrO2粉10-11.5、四硼酸钠8.5-9.5、二氧化锰3-4、堇青石粉3-4、铬酸钴3-4、铝矾土4-5、三聚磷酸钠1-1.2、纳米硼纤维2-3、去离子水适量。本发明在原料中还添加堇青石粉、铬酸钴、铝矾土等成分，能够显著的提高材料的韧性以及热震性，获得孔隙率低的陶瓷内衬材料；用本发明制成的液压钢管具有较长的使用寿命，延长了设备本身的维修周期，而且工艺简单，便于推广应用。

Description

一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷技术领域，尤其涉及一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料。
背景技术
液压系统中使用的管路种类很多，根据液压系统的工作压力及安装位置的不同，选用的有钢管、紫铜管、橡胶管、尼龙管和塑料管等。这些管路一旦损坏漏油，轻则污染环境、影响系统功能的正常发挥，重则危及安全，本发明选用液压钢管作为研究对象。当液压系统工作时，液压管路要承受较高的压力，再加上压力不稳定产生的交变应力、设备振动而产生的振动应力、装配应力等的共同作用，使硬管在材料缺陷处、腐蚀点或损伤处产生应力集中现象，管路发生疲劳破坏断裂而漏油；还由于液压系统容易被污染，含有固体污染物的液压油类似于研磨金属加工面所使用的研磨剂，增加了油液和管路内壁的摩擦。而且通常固体污染物颗粒的硬度比导管内壁材料的硬度高得多，这样就加速了导管内壁的磨损，甚至划伤内壁，特别是当液体的流速高且不稳定时，就会使导管内壁的材料受到冲击而剥落。这些原因很容易造成安全隐患。
离心自蔓延高温合成技术集中了离心铸造和自蔓延高温合成技术的共同优点，它具有制造工艺和制造设备简单且生产效率高、生产成本低以及节约能源等优点。利用离心自蔓延合成技术在传统不锈钢管内部制备陶瓷内衬材料可使得液压油油管具有更好的抗腐蚀性能、耐磨损性能以及良好的力学性能和抗冲击性能。因而，此种技术应用于液压油油管内衬材料的制备将具有广阔的市场前景和巨大的经济社会效益。《液压油油管陶瓷内衬材料的制备及性能研究》一文中以微米铝粉和微米三氧化二铁为主要原料，以微米二氧化硅和微米Y-ZrO2为添加剂，采用离心自蔓延高温合成技术制备了液压油油管用陶瓷内衬材料，所制备的液压油油管陶瓷内衬材料具有良好的韧性、断裂强度、抗冲击性等性能。但由于自蔓延反应较为激烈，反应过程中热量损耗大，钢管内壁被熔融的厚度有限，导致冶金结合部分的结合强度有限以及存在一定的孔隙，这样对陶瓷层的耐热性、耐腐蚀性、耐磨性等具有一定的影响，在一些高冲击的工况下会出现陶瓷涂层脱落的现象，从而影响油管的使用寿命以及安全系数，需要在原文的基础上进行改进。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料，由下列重量份的原料制成：纯铝粉54-56、氧化铁红159-162、硝酸钴18-19、氯化镍18-19、正硅酸乙酯37-38、无水乙醇74-76、纳米Y-ZrO2粉10-11.5、四硼酸钠8.5-9.5、二氧化锰3-4、堇青石粉3-4、铬酸钴3-4、铝矾土4-5、三聚磷酸钠1-1.2、纳米硼纤维2-3、去离子水适量。
根据权利要求书1所述一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将硝酸钴与氯化镍混合，加入无水乙醇中，搅拌并充分溶解形成混合溶液，然后置于60℃恒温水浴中，将正硅酸乙酯缓慢地滴加到混合溶液中，水浴加热至80-90℃，搅拌40-50分钟至反应物粘度增大，形成透明溶胶，静置于室温条件下胶化，再将干凝胶放在干燥箱中以80-90℃的温度干燥10-12小时，然后在750-850℃的条件下对干凝胶进行预烧结，保温1.5-2小时，冷却至室温后取出研磨，得到复合粉体，即磁性二氧化硅粉体；
（2）将二氧化锰、堇青石粉、铬酸钴、铝矾土粉碎，过200目筛待用；将三聚磷酸钠溶于12-14倍量的去离子水中，搅拌至溶解形成溶液，然后与200目粉末混合，超声分散30-40分钟，加热至90-100℃浓缩干燥90-120分钟，继续放入烘箱中烘干，冷去后研磨，得到混合粉末；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的混合粉末与纳米Y-ZrO2粉混合，加入总量3-4倍量的去离子水，搅拌均匀后加入除纯铝粉、氧化铁红之外的其余剩余成分，继续搅拌30-40分钟，形成浆料，最后将浆料喷雾干燥，形成纳米掺杂混合粉；
（4）将铝粉、氧化铁红与步骤（1）得到的磁性二氧化硅粉体、步骤（3）得到的纳米掺杂混合粉混合均匀，放入球磨机中，混合球磨2-3小时，取出后将其装入管材中，并将其固定在离心机上，供气点火，点火同时通入氧气，供氧持续4-5分钟，采用离心自蔓延高温合成技术在管材内壁形成陶瓷内衬。
本发明的优点是：本发明利用硝酸钴、氯化镍等成分与正硅酸乙酯进行反应，生成包覆钴、镍的二氧化硅材料，作为添加剂添加到以铝粉、氧化铁红为主体的反应中，使得二氧化硅具有磁性，易与管材进行结合，通过反应进一步提高与管壁的结合强度；添加四硼酸钠，改善了内表面光洁度，同时孔隙率显著降低；添加适量的纳米Y-ZrO2粉，在反应过程中会弥散在生成物三氧化二铝中，不仅可以提高陶瓷内衬材料的断裂韧性值和抗冲击性能，同时可大幅提高陶瓷内衬的耐磨性能。
本发明在原料中还添加堇青石粉、铬酸钴、铝矾土等成分，能够显著的提高材料的韧性以及热震性，获得孔隙率低的陶瓷内衬材料；用本发明制成的液压钢管具有较长的使用寿命，延长了设备本身的维修周期，而且工艺简单，便于推广应用。
具体实施方式
一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料，由下列重量份（公斤）的原料制成：纯铝粉54、氧化铁红159、硝酸钴18、氯化镍18、正硅酸乙酯37、无水乙醇74、纳米YZrO2粉10、四硼酸钠8.5、二氧化锰3、堇青石粉3、铬酸钴3、铝矾土4、三聚磷酸钠1、纳米硼纤维2、去离子水适量。
根据权利要求书1所述一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将硝酸钴与氯化镍混合，加入无水乙醇中，搅拌并充分溶解形成混合溶液，然后置于60℃恒温水浴中，将正硅酸乙酯缓慢地滴加到混合溶液中，水浴加热至80℃，搅拌40分钟至反应物粘度增大，形成透明溶胶，静置于室温条件下胶化，再将干凝胶放在干燥箱中以80℃的温度干燥10小时，然后在750℃的条件下对干凝胶进行预烧结，保温1.5小时，冷却至室温后取出研磨，得到复合粉体，即磁性二氧化硅粉体；
（2）将二氧化锰、堇青石粉、铬酸钴、铝矾土粉碎，过200目筛待用；将三聚磷酸钠溶于12倍量的去离子水中，搅拌至溶解形成溶液，然后与200目粉末混合，超声分散30分钟，加热至90℃浓缩干燥90分钟，继续放入烘箱中烘干，冷去后研磨，得到混合粉末；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的混合粉末与纳米YZrO2粉混合，加入总量3倍量的去离子水，搅拌均匀后加入除纯铝粉、氧化铁红之外的其余剩余成分，继续搅拌30分钟，形成浆料，最后将浆料喷雾干燥，形成纳米掺杂混合粉；
（4）将铝粉、氧化铁红与步骤（1）得到的磁性二氧化硅粉体、步骤（3）得到的纳米掺杂混合粉混合均匀，放入球磨机中，混合球磨2小时，取出后将其装入管材中，并将其固定在离心机上，供气点火，点火同时通入氧气，供氧持续4分钟，采用离心自蔓延高温合成技术在管材内壁形成陶瓷内衬。
本发明材料经过测试，硬度值为1339HV，孔隙率为3.62%，断裂韧性值为5.68 MPa•m1/2。

Claims (2)

1.一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料制成：纯铝粉54-56、氧化铁红159-162、硝酸钴18-19、氯化镍18-19、正硅酸乙酯37-38、无水乙醇74-76、纳米Y-ZrO2粉10-11.5、四硼酸钠8.5-9.5、二氧化锰3-4、堇青石粉3-4、铬酸钴3-4、铝矾土4-5、三聚磷酸钠1-1.2、纳米硼纤维2-3、去离子水适量。
2.根据权利要求书1所述一种提高液压钢管热震性的陶瓷内衬材料，其特征在于，由以下具体步骤制成：
（1）将硝酸钴与氯化镍混合，加入无水乙醇中，搅拌并充分溶解形成混合溶液，然后置于60℃恒温水浴中，将正硅酸乙酯缓慢地滴加到混合溶液中，水浴加热至80-90℃，搅拌40-50分钟至反应物粘度增大，形成透明溶胶，静置于室温条件下胶化，再将干凝胶放在干燥箱中以80-90℃的温度干燥10-12小时，然后在750-850℃的条件下对干凝胶进行预烧结，保温1.5-2小时，冷却至室温后取出研磨，得到复合粉体，即磁性二氧化硅粉体；
（2）将二氧化锰、堇青石粉、铬酸钴、铝矾土粉碎，过200目筛待用；将三聚磷酸钠溶于12-14倍量的去离子水中，搅拌至溶解形成溶液，然后与200目粉末混合，超声分散30-40分钟，加热至90-100℃浓缩干燥90-120分钟，继续放入烘箱中烘干，冷去后研磨，得到混合粉末；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的混合粉末与纳米Y-ZrO2粉混合，加入总量3-4倍量的去离子水，搅拌均匀后加入除纯铝粉、氧化铁红之外的其余剩余成分，继续搅拌30-40分钟，形成浆料，最后将浆料喷雾干燥，形成纳米掺杂混合粉；
（4）将铝粉、氧化铁红与步骤（1）得到的磁性二氧化硅粉体、步骤（3）得到的纳米掺杂混合粉混合均匀，放入球磨机中，混合球磨2-3小时，取出后将其装入管材中，并将其固定在离心机上，供气点火，点火同时通入氧气，供氧持续4-5分钟，采用离心自蔓延高温合成技术在管材内壁形成陶瓷内衬。
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