CN105981624A - Production method for storing anti-season marketing grapes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method for storing anti-season marketing grapes. The production process for storing the anti-season marketing grapes includes the key steps of cluster growing, wherein the key technologies of flower thinning, cluster fixing, inflorescence shaping, diseased fruit and cracked fruit preventing and cluster bagging are adopted, and the yield of expected high-quality grapes is controlled to be 1,000 kg to 1,250 kg per 666.7 m<2>; harvesting treatment, wherein the key technologies that freshness-retaining (sterilizing) chemical treatment is carried out before harvesting, and inferior-grape removing, grading and freshness-retaining (sterilizing) chemical treatment are carried out after harvesting are adopted, and freshness-retaining (sterilizing) chemical treatment can be carried out before harvesting or after inferior-grape removing and grading; storing and freshness retaining, wherein the key technologies that casing is carried out in a graded and classified mode, proper preservatives and proper refrigerating temperature are selected according to different expected storage times, and grapes treated with preservatives in the harvesting treatment step are directly cased and put in storage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the efficient mode of production in a kind of facility grape garden, coastal area, it is efficient that this content goes for coastal area
Agricultural Park is built, and belongs to high-efficiency agriculture production technical field.
Background technology
Grape During Storage anti-season listing be exactly the grape normal mature phase by grape harmless for high-quality by storage and preservation technique answer
With in winter-spring season outbound listing, to meet the demand in market.The cultivated area of whole nation grape constantly expands in recent years, and with
The increase of yield, causing some areas Table Grape listing phase undue concentration, the big valency of grape amount is low, therefore extends its supply phase,
Meet people's living needs, increase economic efficiency, be that current grape produces the subject matter facing.Due to grape soft and succulency,
Moisture is high, is easily contaminated by germ and rots.Storage easily occurs rot, threshing, the phenomenon such as stick, this gives
The storage of Table Grape, transport, prolongation selling time etc. bring difficulty, cause very big economic loss, therefore to preservation and freshness skill
The requirement of art is also very urgent.Grape During Storage whether success, seven points of each links before adopting governing factor to fruit quality, three
Divide at storage technology.
The plantation yield of grape, plantation quality etc. have close relationship with planting technology, the storage that the grape of high-quality could obtain
Hide effect.The fruit of high-quality only just can be produced by the cultivation technique of high-quality.Bad cultivation condition results even in storage
The failure hidden, occurs that dehiscent fruit, stick, carpopodium and fruit medicament injures during storage, rotten, threshing etc. all with improper cultivation
Measure is relevant.Preservation and freshness is to Fruit variety, territorial environment, cultivation condition, grape quality and fine degree of gathering, Cai Houbao
Dress, storage environment, preservation and freshness facility, material and freezer management have compared with strict requirements.Although reserve temperature is to suppression Portugal
Grape respiratory metabolism and medicament prevent from going mouldy and rot to be epochmaking two links in Grape During Storage, but not good grape has been impossible to
Good storage effect.
Many countries agricultural product postharvest handling and preservation and freshness have been achieved with industrialization, and it is considerable to adopt rear appreciation potential, postharvest handling
The ratio of the output value and product value when gathering, the U.S. is 3.7, and Japan is 2.2, and China is only 0.4.According to estimates, in full generation
In the range of boundary, the grape of about 27% is had to lose because of postharvest decay every year.China every year owing to gathering, packing, the skill such as storage
Art reason causes grape to rot to lose and account for more than the 20% of total output, and developed country's average loss rate is less than 7%.Therefore damage after adopting
Mistake is one of fruits and vegetables production Universal Problems, need to extensively draw attention.The production method carrying out storage anti-season listing grape is ground
Study carefully and application, coastal area high-efficiency agriculture park building can be promoted.
Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of production method preserving listing of anti-season grape.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of production method for preserving listing of anti-season grape, it is characterised in that by the production process of anti-for storage season listing grape
Be divided into three crucial production phases, respectively fruit ear growth phase, processing stage gather and the preservation and freshness stage, in each stage
Carry out key technology application, method particularly includes:
1) the fruit ear stage of growth: in the facility culture grapes garden being in fruiting period, grape growing way is uniformly good, in this stage
Key technology is that flower thinning determines fringe, inflorescence shaping, diseases prevention fruit dehiscent fruit and Cluster bagging, the expected high-quality grapes yield of control
1000-1250kg/666.7m2。
2) processing stage gathering: grape coloring complete, soluble solid content more than 15%, already at the collecting period
Vineyard in, select fringe type fruit ear neat, anosis dehiscent fruit carry out process picking time, the key technology in this stage be pluck
Roguing classification and fresh-keeping (sterilization) chemicals treatment after front fresh-keeping (sterilization) chemicals treatment, harvesting, during fresh-keeping (sterilization) chemicals treatment
Between can be before harvesting, it is also possible to roguing matter classification after.
3) in the preservation and freshness stage: the grape after the classification of roguing matter is cased warehouse-in in time, the key technology in this stage is to be classified
Classification is cased, is selected suitable antistaling agent and cold storage temperature according to heterogeneous expectations storage time, used processing stage gathering
The grape that antistaling agent is processed can directly be cased warehouse-in.
Flower thinning determine fringe mode be sturdy branch stay 1-2 inflorescence, growing way general stay 1, thin and delicate branch do not stays, it is ensured that fruitful branch with
The ratio of nutrition branch is about 2: 1.
Inflorescence shaping is carried out when flower thinning for the first time, can require to cut off secondary fringe (as huge according to expected volume to the kind of big fruit ear
Peak), cut off full spike length 1/1 to five/4ths fringe point；Secondary period is carried out when fruit soya bean size, mainly
It is to cut off malformed fruit, fruitlet, disease pest fruit and close crowded fruit, increase fruit so that final spike weight 500g-700g.
Diseases prevention fruit dehiscent fruit and Cluster bagging mode are to select correct medicament and suitable bagged stage, after grape is beared fruit
10-15d bagging after shaping fruit thinning, selects medicament according to NY/T 5088-2002 standard before bagging, as used wide spectrum with before bagging
The compound medicaments such as bactericide 25% difenoconazole suspending agent 3000 times or triumphant damp 1000 times of 13.3% imazalil 1200 extraordinarily 50%
Specially spray fruit ear, controls anthrax, white rot, hemorrhagic black smallpox, gray mold, bagging after liquid is dry；Ensure that soil moisture is equal at fruiting period simultaneously
Even stable, suitably to pour water at young fruit period, field capacity should be maintained at about 80%, to promote that fruit expands rapidly.Maturation
Border, the suitable humidity of soil to be kept, the water-holding capacity in field is maintained at 50%-60% and is advisable.In guaranteeing cultivation booth, humidity is 80%
Left and right.
Before plucking, fresh-keeping (sterilization) medicament processing method is that 1-2d 1-2% shitosan specially sprays fruit ear before grape harvesting, or
Spray fruit ear with the 5% shitosan fresh-keeping liquid that mix at 1: 1 by volume with 6%TP antistaling agent after roguing classification, dry standby storage.
After harvesting, roguing hierarchical approaches is to remove sick fruit, fruitlet, wormed fruit, wound fruit, dehiscent fruit and heterocarp with scissors, with reference to GB/T
16862-2008 " Table Grape technique of refrigeration " specification and NYT 1199-2006 " Grape Fresh Keeping Technology specification " classification.
Classification vanning requires it is that fruit ear in the same size for fruit, that spike weight is consistent is sorted out storage, grape single ear discharge in case,
Each other not overlapping, do not extrude, every case is at 2.5-5kg.
Select suitable antistaling agent and cold storage temperature according to heterogeneous expectations storage time, can will pass through when 30-50d short term storage
Grape after collecting period process directly refrigerates, and temperature controls at 5-10 DEG C；When requiring the storage of more than month, can select attached
Antistaling agent (paper), special guarantor is put into before having antistaling agent coating Special fresh-keeping box or sealing with freshness protection package in grape packing cases
In fresh case, antistaling agent coating consists of calcium bicarbonate (or sodium acid carbonate)+calcium chloride+1-methyl cyclopropene powder+Paris white, uses
Liquid silastic (or polyvinyl alcohol or methylcellulose) is as sticking agent；Tin foil coating is potassium permanganate powder+chlorination
Calcium layer+precipitated calcium carbonate+1-methyl cyclopropene bisque, with oxalic acid or tartaric acid as assistant agent, refrigerated storage temperature controls at 0-5 DEG C.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention embody this patent protection domain, but this patent protection domain does not limit to following example.
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Following methods is used to list grape to producing storage anti-season at Yancheng City Tinghu District, Jiangsu Province grape base.
Vineyard main breed is American-European hybrid Ju Feng, rattan is harvested and the Eurasian middle-late ripening variety such as Rizamat, Rose bella Reid of planting, plantation
In year 3-5, use rain shelter cultivation, be the easy lew of bamboo inscribed wooden slip and common galvanized pipe greenhouse structure.Winter pruning uses double branch more
New method, with in, long cane pruning combine, control setting fruit position outside move.The choosing growth golden mean of the Confucian school enriches branch.Before the grape bleeding phase complete
Become winter pruning.The grape budding period, at early and middle ten days in March, requires according to the management of Table Grape garden, coastal area, in early days control nitrogenous fertilizer,
Applying organic manure, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, pay attention to foliage fertilizer.It is intended for the grape growing region of storage according to following in grape base
Concrete mode is carried out.
1) the fruit ear stage of growth: determine spike number, every 666.7m according to expected volume and fruit ear size2Determine 2000-2500 fruit
Fringe, flower thinning determine fringe mode be sturdy branch stay 1-2 inflorescence, growing way general stay 1, thin and delicate branch do not stays, it is ensured that fruitful branch with
The ratio of nutrition branch is about 2: 1.Carry out inflorescence shaping for the first time simultaneously, the huge peak of kind of big fruit ear can be produced according to expected
Amount requirement cuts off secondary fringe, cut off full spike length 1/1 to five/4ths fringe point；Secondary period is in fruit soya bean size
Shi Jinhang, mainly cuts off malformed fruit, fruitlet, disease pest fruit and close crowded fruit, and makes good use of swollen fruit on the premise of base manure is appropriate
Fertile fertile with coloring, swollen fruit is fertile is every 666.7m2Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-50kg, potash fertilizer 15-25kg, 1-2 demultiplexing, coloring
Fertile is alone potash fertilizer, every 666.7m2Use 15-25kg.The 10-15d bagging after shaping fruit thinning after grape is beared fruit, bagging
Before used wide-spectrum bactericide 25% difenoconazole suspending agent 3000 times spraying.During result, vineyard ditch is carried out twice
Pour water moisturizing, once before flowering, once after the swollen fruit of administration is fertile.
2) processing stage gathering: grape coloring complete, soluble solid content more than 15% when plucked in batches,
Not carrying out fresh-keeping (sterilization) chemicals treatment before harvesting, after harvesting, roguing is classified and uses fresh-keeping (sterilization) chemicals treatment immediately, processes
Method is to spray fruit ear with the 5% shitosan fresh-keeping liquid that mix at 1: 1 by volume with 6%TP antistaling agent, dries.
3) the preservation and freshness stage: the grape classification after the classification of roguing matter is cased, selected suitably according to heterogeneous expectations storage time
Antistaling agent and refrigerated storage temperature, the grape that used antistaling agent is processed processing stage gathering directly cases warehouse-in, grape in case
Single fringe discharge, each other not overlapping, do not extrude, every case is at 2.5-5kg.It is that process is adopted at 30-50d short term storage grape
Plucking the grape after phase process directly to refrigerate, temperature controls at 5-10 DEG C；It when requiring the storage of more than month, is with controlled atmosphere
Antistaling agent coating Special fresh-keeping box or in grape packing cases with freshness protection package seal before put into air regulation fresh keeping agent (paper), special
In antistaling box, antistaling agent coating consists of calcium bicarbonate (or sodium acid carbonate)+calcium chloride+1-methyl cyclopropene powder+Paris white,
With liquid silastic (or polyvinyl alcohol or methylcellulose) as sticking agent；Tin foil coating be potassium permanganate powder+
Chlorination calcium layer+precipitated calcium carbonate+1-methyl cyclopropene bisque, is controlled as assistant agent, refrigerated storage temperature by oxalic acid or tartaric acid
0-5℃。
According to this mode of production, within after grape can be preserved 3-4 month, list.
Elaborate below according to the effect to the present invention for the result of the test:
Test 1: pluck the impact on grape quality and fresh-keeping effect for the post processing
Coating fresh-keeping technology is to coat coating of wax matter, oil or other materials at fruit and vegetable surfaces, forms one layer of naked eyes and be difficult to examine after air-drying
Feel, water white film, this tunic can be closed fruit and vegetable surfaces pore, be formed and have infiltration in tight infiltrative fruits and vegetables body
Environment, can suppress the respiration of fruits and vegetables, reduces the evaporation of moisture, thus extends the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.
Table 1. shitosan film forming processes the qualitative effects to kyoto grape
From table 1 it follows that application preserving and sterilizing agent process after grape is plucked, the commodity that can effectively extend grape are added
Phase, having not significant impact the index of quality pol acidity of grape, sugar-acid ratio is more than 20: 1, and healthy fruit is significantly better than clear water pair
According to.
Test 2: storage period antistaling agent processes the impact on grape quality
Grape Skin is relatively thin, easily impaired in picking process, easily by infection process during storage, cause grape occur shattering,
Brown stain, rot etc. problem, affect the fresh-keeping effect of grape, at present, domestic and international Grape Fresh Keeping Technology principle is mainly low temperature bond
SO2Antiseptical storage, but due to SO2Improper use may result in the problem such as peculiar smell, injury, makes grape commodity value be substantially reduced,
Therefore the impact according to Grape During Storage quality and physiological change, screens harmless antistaling agent and just can effectively improve the commodity of grape.
The qualitative effects to kyoto grape for the table 2. controlled atmosphere formulation application
From Table 2, it can be seen that use controlled atmosphere preparation storaging grape after classification of roguing, shelf life is obviously prolonged, and sugar-acid ratio is 25: 1
Left and right, the effect of compound controlled atmosphere preparation is better than alone 1-methyl cyclopropene, has not had commodity with the control sample of term storage
And edibility.
Claims (8)
1. the production method being used for preserving listing of anti-season grape, it is characterised in that listing of anti-season Portugal will be preserved
The production process of grape is divided into three crucial production phases, respectively fruit ear growth phase, processing stage gather and
In the preservation and freshness stage, carry out key technology application in each stage, method particularly includes:
1) the fruit ear stage of growth: in the facility culture grapes garden being in fruiting period, grape growing way is uniformly good,
Key technology in this stage is that flower thinning determines fringe, inflorescence shaping, diseases prevention fruit dehiscent fruit and Cluster bagging, control
Expected high-quality grapes yield 1000-1250kg/666.7m2。
2) processing stage gathering: grape coloring complete, soluble solid content more than 15%,
Through being in the vineyard of collecting period, fringe type fruit ear neat, anosis dehiscent fruit is selected to carry out process picking time,
After the key technology in this stage is fresh-keeping (sterilization) chemicals treatment before harvesting, plucks, roguing is classified and fresh-keeping
(sterilization) chemicals treatment, fresh-keeping (sterilization) the chemicals treatment time can be before harvesting, it is also possible in the classification of roguing matter
After.
3) the preservation and freshness stage: the grape after the classification of roguing matter is cased warehouse-in in time, in the pass in this stage
Key technology is classification vanning, selects suitable antistaling agent and cold storage temperature according to heterogeneous expectations storage time,
The grape that used antistaling agent is processed processing stage gathering can directly be cased warehouse-in.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that it is that sturdy branch stays 1-2 that flower thinning determines fringe mode
What individual inflorescence, growing way were general stay 1, thin and delicate branch do not stays, it is ensured that fruitful branch is left 2: 1 with the ratio of nutrition branch
Right.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that inflorescence Training system is for the first time at flower thinning
Shi Jinhang, can require to cut off secondary fringe (such as huge peak) according to expected volume to the kind of big fruit ear, cut off full spike length
1/1 to five/4ths fringe point；Secondary period is carried out when fruit soya bean size, mainly
Cut off malformed fruit, fruitlet, disease pest fruit and close crowded fruit, increase fruit so that final spike weight 500g is left
Right.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that diseases prevention fruit dehiscent fruit and Cluster bagging mode are
Select correct medicament and suitable bagged stage, the 10-15d set after shaping fruit thinning after grape is beared fruit
Bag, selects medicament according to NY/T 5088-2002 standard before bagging, as with before bagging with wide-spectrum bactericide 25%
The compound pesticide such as difenoconazole suspending agent 3000 times or triumphant damp 1000 times of 13.3% imazalil 1200 extraordinarily 50%
Fruit ear is specially sprayed in agent, controls anthrax, white rot, hemorrhagic black smallpox, gray mold, bagging after liquid is dry；Simultaneously at fruiting period
Ensure that soil moisture is uniform and stable, it is ensured that in cultivation canopy, humidity is about 80%.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that before plucking, fresh-keeping (sterilization) medicament processing method is
Before grape is plucked, 1-2d 1-2% shitosan specially sprays fruit ear, or after roguing classification with 5% shitosan and
The 6%TP antistaling agent fresh-keeping liquid that mix at 1: 1 by volume sprays fruit ear, dries standby storage.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that after harvesting, roguing hierarchical approaches is to use scissors
Remove sick fruit, fruitlet, wormed fruit, wound fruit, dehiscent fruit and heterocarp, eat Portugal raw with reference to GB/T 16862-2008
Grape technique of refrigeration and the classification of NYT1199-2006 Grape Fresh Keeping Technology specification.
7. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that classification vanning requirement is by fruit size one
Cause, the consistent fruit ear of spike weight does not sorts out storage, single fringe discharge in every case grape, overlapping, no each other
Extruding, every case is at 2.5-5kg.
8. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that select suitably according to heterogeneous expectations storage time
Antistaling agent and refrigerated storage temperature, can be straight by the grape after the collecting period is processed when 30-50d short term storage
Connecing cold storage, temperature controls at 5-10 DEG C；When requiring the storage of more than month, can select with antistaling agent
Coating special gas conditioning preservation box or in grape packing cases with freshness protection package seal before put into air regulation fresh keeping agent
(paper), in Special fresh-keeping box, air regulation fresh keeping agent coating consists of calcium bicarbonate (or sodium acid carbonate)+chlorination
Calcium+1-methyl cyclopropene powder+Paris white, with liquid silastic (or polyvinyl alcohol or Methyl cellulose
Element) as sticking agent；Controlled atmosphere paper and coating is potassium permanganate powder+chlorination calcium layer+precipitated calcium carbonate+1-methyl
Cyclopropylene bisque, with oxalic acid or tartaric acid as assistant agent, cold storage temperature controls at 0-5 DEG C.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106688733A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | 贵阳学院 | Crystal grape storage and preservation method |
| CN106857810A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-20 | 合肥金同维低温科技有限公司 | A kind of grape plucks preceding preservative specially and preparation method thereof |
| CN107712038A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-23 | 国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心（天津） | A kind of fresh-keeping method of Table Grape and application |
| CN112166774A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 咸阳职业技术学院 | Method for delaying harvesting of sunshine muscat |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN112166774A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 咸阳职业技术学院 | Method for delaying harvesting of sunshine muscat |
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Application publication date: 20161005 |