CN105981213A - 用于对车辆的电的储能装置进行调温的设备和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于对车辆(10)的电的储能装置(14)、尤其是可再充电的蓄电池进行调温的设备(16),该设备(16)具有第一流体路径(24),其汇入电的储能装置(14)的壳体中,并且该设备(16)具有用于车辆(10)的乘客舱(12)的调温的通风的通风装置(18),其具有加热和/或制冷装置(30)以及第二流体路径(32),其从至少一个加热和/或制冷装置(30)引导至乘客舱(30)中。规定在设备(16)中如此连接两条流体路径(24、32),使得在两条流体路径(24、32)中的一条中的空气流在流体技术上独立于在两条流体路径(32、24)中的相应的另一条中的空气流,其中该设备(16)具有连接在两条流体路径(24、32)中的、用于在两条流体路径(24、32)中的空气流之间的纯粹的热交换的热交换器(44)。本发明还涉及一种相应的车辆(10)和一种相应的用于对车辆(10)的电的储能装置(14)进行调温的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对车辆的电的储能装置,尤其是可再充电的蓄电池进行调温的设备,其具有第一流体路径,其汇入电的储能装置的壳体中,并且该设备具有用于车辆的乘客舱的调温的通风的通风装置,其具有加热和/或冷却装置以及第二流体路径,该第二流体路径从至少一个加热和/或冷却装置引导至乘客舱中。本发明还涉及一种相应的车辆以及一种相应的用于对车辆的电的储能装置进行调温的方法。
背景技术
以电或混合动力驱动的车辆为了运行其电驱动单元需要电的储能装置,例如可再充电的牵引蓄电池。当前这些牵引蓄电池大多构造为锂离子蓄电池。电动车辆或者混合动力车辆的这种可再充电的蓄电池由于其流过的电流高在运行时产生热量,这些热量必须被散发掉。冷却通过安装的冷却仪实现或者通过迎面风的冷却实现。
车辆的乘客舱中的温度取决于多种环境条件,例如外部温度或者阳光辐射。因此在车辆中通常设置用于乘客舱的调温的通风的通风装置,其具有加热和/或冷却装置。
FR 2 949 096A3公开了一种具有用于对车辆的可再充电的牵引蓄电池进行调温的设备的电动车辆。该设备具有第一流体路径,该第一流体路径汇入电的储能装置的壳体中,并且该设备具有用于车辆的乘客舱的调温的通风的通风装置,该通风装置具有加热装置以及第二流体路径,该第二流体路径从至少一个加热和/或冷却装置被引导至乘客舱内。该设备具有用于来自车辆周围环境的空气的供应空气入口,其设置用于将供应空气流划分为第一分流和第二分流,其中将第一分流输送至第一流体路径并且将第二分流输送至乘客舱。该第一流体路径汇入牵引蓄电池的壳体中。该蓄电池在持续的运行中发热且因此形成乘员舱的通风装置的加热装置。该第二流体路径从用作通风装置的加热装置的蓄电池引导至电动车辆的乘客舱中。其中冷却该蓄电池并且加热该乘员舱。在冷的温度下该蓄电池在静止状态下呈现低的外部温度,这能够导致蓄电池的性能下降。因此通过该设备对电的储能装置的温度控制仅在限定的范围内是可能的。
发明内容
根据本发明的设备具有权利要求1中所述的特征,根据本发明的车辆具有权利要求8中所述的特征,以及根据本发明的方法具有权利要求9中所述的特征,它们具有以下优点,即不仅电的储能装置而且乘客舱能够被很好地控制温度,而能够不必将电的储能装置的废气中的对乘客有害的成分送入乘客舱中。
在根据本发明的设备中为此规定,该设备中两个流体路径如此连接,使得在两条流体路径中的一条中的空气流在流体技术上独立于在两条流体路径中的相应的另一条中的空气流,其中该设备具有连接在两条流体路径中的、用于在两条流体路径中的空气流之间进行纯粹的热交换的热交换器。但是该热交换器不能允许这些空气流混合。通过该设备的通风装置上的第一流体路径的纯粹的热连接能够将其加热和/或制冷装置也用于加热和/或制冷该电的储能装置,而能够不必将电的储能装置的废气中的对乘客有害的成分送入乘客舱中。
用于对电的储能装置进行调温的设备使用在很多车辆中存在的、用于车辆的乘员舱的调温的通风的通风装置。因此其严格来说是用于对电的储能装置进行调温和用于车辆的乘客舱的调温的通风的设备。
根据本发明一有利的改进,该设备还具有用于来自车辆周围环境的空气的供应空气入口。该供应空气入口设置用于将供应空气流划分为第一分流和第二分流,其中第一分流被输送至第一流体路径且第二分流被输送至通风装置的入口。因此这些空气流在车辆的入口处已经完全相互分离。
通常通风装置能够理所当然地具有各种种类的加热和/或制冷装置,例如制冷机、电加热器装置、珀尔帖(Peltier)元件等。有利地设置,该加热和/或制冷装置具有制冷压缩器和/或停车加热装置(Standheizung)。
根据本发明另一有利的改进,用于对电的储能装置进行调温的设备具有第一温度调节装置,其本身具有用于测定电的储能装置的温度的温度传感器以及用于改变第一流体路径中的空气流的流量的调节元件。该传感器优选地直接布置在电的储能装置上或者至少布置在相应的壳体中。
根据本发明另一有利的改进,通风装置具有第二温度调节装置,其本身具有用于测定乘员舱中的温度的温度传感器和用于改变第二流体路径中的空气流的流量的调节元件。该传感器优选地布置在乘客舱中。
接着有利地设置,该设备具有用于来自储能装置的壳体的空气出口的第一空气出口通道以及该通风装置具有来自乘客舱的空气出口的第二空气出口通道,通过它们相应的废气是可向车辆周围环境中的散发的。其中该通风装置尤其具有将第二空气出口通道与该通风装置的入口连接的用于该通风装置的循环空气运行的返回通道。
根据本发明的车辆具有乘客舱、电的储能装置和用于对电的储能装置进行调温的设备,其本身具有以下构件:(i)被引导至电的储能装置的第一流体路径和(ii)用于车辆的乘客舱的调温的通风的通风装置,其具有被引导至乘客舱的第二流体路径。其中规定,该设备被构造为前述的设备。该车辆尤其是电动或者混合动力车辆。电的储能装置为车辆的电驱动提供电能且尤其被构造为可再充电的蓄电池。
根据本发明的用于借助于用于车辆的乘客舱的调温的通风的通风装置来对车辆的电的储能装置进行调温的方法中,通过第一流体路径向电的储能装置输送调温的空气流,其中该通风装置通过第二流体路径向乘客舱输送空气流。规定两条流体路径通过热交换器引导,其中向储能装置输送的空气流在热交换器中通过空气流之间的热交换进行调温。
通过用于乘客舱的调温的通风的通风装置上的第一流体路径的纯粹的热交换消除电的储能装置的附加的冷却装置。
在低温时加热电的储能装置,因此不存在电容断开。在高温时冷却电的储能装置,由此避免对电的储能装置过高的加热。
根据本发明的有利的改进规定,来自车辆周围环境的空气的供应空气流在供应空气入口中划分为第一分流和第二分流,其中第一分流被输送至第一流体路径且第二分流被输送至通风装置。
附图说明
以下根据所附附图进一步阐述本发明。其中:
图1示出了具有乘客舱、电的储能装置和根据本发明的优选的实施方式的用于对电的储能装置进行调温的设备的车辆的示意图;以及
图2示出了电的储能装置的壳体的构造。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有乘客舱12和构造为蓄电池的电的储能装置14的车辆10的示意图。车辆10为电动车辆或者混合动力车辆,其(未示出)电驱动机通过电的储能装置14供给电能。车辆10具有用于控制电的储能装置14的温度和用于乘客舱12的调温的通风的设备16,该设备16通常具有用于乘客舱12的调温的通风的通风装置18和可选地也具有车辆10的其他内部空间。设备16具有用于车辆周围环境的空气的空气供气入口20,其将供应空气流(箭头22)划分为第一分流和第二分流。第一分流被引向第一流体路径24,该第一流体路径24汇入图2中所示的电的储能装置24的壳体26。第二分流被引向通风装置18的入口28。用于乘客舱12的调温的通风的通风装置18具有加热和/或冷却装置30和第二流体路径32,该第二流体路径32从加热和/或冷却装置30被引导至乘客舱12中。加热和/或冷却装置30包括例如(未示出的)制冷压缩机和(同样未示出的)停车加热装置。
第一流体路径24和第二流体路径32在设备16内如此连接,使得在两个流体路径24、32中的一个的空气流在流体技术上独立于在两个流体路径32、24中的相应的另一个的空气流。
此外设备16具有来自储能装置14的壳体26的空气出口的第一空气出口通道34且通风装置18具有来自乘客舱12的空气出口的第二空气出口通道36,通过它们各自的废气可通过共同的空气出口38散发到车辆周围环境中(箭头40)。此外通风装置18包括将第二空气出口通道36与通风装置18的入口28连接的用于通风装置18的循环空气运行的返回通道42。
此外用于控制电的储能装置14的温度和用于乘客舱12的调温的通风的设备16还具有连接在两个流体路径24、32中的用于在两个流体路径24、32中的空气流之间进行热交换的热交换器44。此外用于控制电的储能装置14的温度的设备16具有第一温度调节装置,其具有(图2中未示出的)用于测定储能装置14的温度的温度传感器46以及用于改变第一流体路径24中的空气流的流量的调节元件48。
最后通风装置18具有第二温度调节装置,其本身具有用于测定乘客舱12中的温度的温度传感器50以及用于改变第二流体路径32中的流量的调节元件52。
图2示出了在其壳体26中构造为蓄电池的电的储能装置14。整个电的储能装置14安装于一个以填充材料54填充的壳体26、例如罩中。常见的碰撞架能够集成在该罩中。填充材料54具有一定的机械强度且具有机械阻尼和绝缘特性。借助于围绕电的储能装置14的导向槽56空气能够流过该结构、例如栅或蜂房结构并控制其温度。震动和振动由填充材料54减震。此外通过其热绝缘作用能够在短时间的车辆停止时维持储能装置14的温度。电的储能装置14所需的电连接通过罩和填充材料54引导。壳体26具有入口58以连接至第一流体路径24和出口60以连接至第一出口通道34。
存在以下情况:
在车辆10的乘客舱12中温度在293K(20℃)左右乘客感觉到舒适。为此在高的温度时必须冷却乘客舱12内的空气并且在低的温度时加热。在锂离子蓄电池或者类似的电的储能装置中争取类似的温度。因此应当阐述可再充电的蓄电池的状况。但是这些情况能够转用在其他电的储能装置上而不受限制。
图1中示意性地示出了该过程。环境空气用作车辆10中的供应空气。空气流分为两个分流。为此确保,乘客舱12中能够不存在蓄电池中可能存在的有害的物质。部分供应空气进入通风装置18。此外为了最优地控制乘客舱的温度其包括制冷压缩机(空调装置)和停车加热装置,但是两者不是一定需要的。空气流的温度控制得相当于乘客舱12中所期待的温度:
环境温度(TU)<乘客舱中的温度(TF):加热供应空气。
TU≥TF:当存在空调装置时,冷却供应气体,否则空气不再调温地流动。
这描述了对乘客舱12的简单的温度调节。为了提高乘客的舒适性也可以是复杂的调节。
借助于停车加热装置可以在低的环境温度TU时将乘客舱中的温度TF和蓄电池的温度在车辆开动前已经调整到所期待的温度。接着调温的的供应空气流过热交换器44,其中控制通过第一流体路径24传向蓄电池的空气流的温度。在热交换器44中必须在两股空气流中注意,能够沉积可能出现的冷凝物和排出该冷凝物。
接着空气流经过调节元件52进入第二流体路径32,该调节元件52调整该空气流的体积流量,在乘客舱12中,以接着作为车辆10的废气排放。
在通过第一流体路径24引导至蓄电池的空气流中,布置在热交换器44后的调节元件48控制空气流的体积流量。在控制蓄电池的温度之后其作为车辆10的废气排放。
如果乘客舱12通过循环空气调温(通风装置18的循环空气运行),那么来自乘客舱12的空气返回到具有加热和/或制冷装置的通风装置18之前的部分中。在该通风装置18的循环空气运行中来自车辆周围环境的新鲜的供应空气的传输中断。
蓄电池温度的调节通过蓄电池的壳体26中的温度传感器46和安装在温度传感器46之前的调节元件48实现。其中可以是以下简单的调节,其能够通过考虑其他的干扰量、例如瞬时所需的功率来细化:
蓄电池的额定温度(TS)<蓄电池的实际温度(TB):
-供应空气的温度(TZ)<蓄电池的实际温度(TB):冷却蓄电池。
-TZ>TB:中断空气流。
TS>TB:
-TZ>TB:加热蓄电池。
-TZ<TB:中断空气流。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于对车辆(10)的电的储能装置(14)、尤其是可再充电的蓄电池进行调温的设备(16),所述设备(16)具有第一流体路径(24),所述第一流体路径(24)汇入所述电的储能装置(14)的壳体(26)中,并且所述设备(16)具有用于对所述车辆(10)的乘客舱(12)的通风进行调温的通风装置(18),所述通风装置(18)具有加热和/或冷却装置(30)以及第二流体路径(32),所述第二流体路径(32)从至少一个所述加热和/或冷却装置(30)引导至所述乘客舱(12)中,
其特征在于,在所述设备(16)中如此连接两个流体路径(24、32),使得在所述两个流体路径(24、32)中的一个中的空气流在流体技术上独立于在所述两个流体路径(32、24)中的相应的另一个中的空气流,其中所述设备(16)具有连接在两个流体路径(24、32)中的、用于在所述两个流体路径(24、32)中的空气流之间的纯粹的热交换的热交换器(44)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述设备(16)具有用于来自车辆周围环境中的空气的供应空气入口(20),所述供应空气入口(20)设置用于将供应空气流划分为第一分流和第二分流,其中所述第一分流被输送至所述第一流体路径(24)并且所述第二分流被输送至所述通风装置(18)的入口(28)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述加热和/或冷却装置(30)具有制冷压缩器和/或停车加热装置。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述用于对所述电的储能装置(14)进行调温的设备(16)具有第一温度调节装置,所述第一温度调节装置具有用于测定所述储能装置(14)的温度的温度传感器(46)和用于改变在所述第一流体路径(24)中的所述空气流的流量的调节元件(48)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述通风装置(18)具有第二温度调节装置,所述第二温度调节装置具有用于测定乘客舱(12)中的温度的温度传感器(50)以及用于改变在所述第二流体路径(32)中的空气流的流量的调节元件(52)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述设备(16)具有用于从所述储能装置(14)的所述壳体(26)进行空气排放的第一空气出口通道(34),并且所述通风装置(18)具有用于从所述乘客舱(12)进行空气排放的第二空气出口通道(36),相应的废气是能够通过所述第一空气出口通道(34)和所述第二空气出口通道(36)排出到车辆周围环境的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,所述通风装置(18)具有将所述第二空气出口通道(36)与所述通风装置(18)的所述入口(28)相连接的、用于所述通风装置(18)的空气循环运行的返回通道(42)。
8.一种车辆(10)、尤其是电动或混合动力车辆,具有乘客舱(12)、电的储能装置(14)和用于对所述电的储能装置(14)的进行调温的设备(16),所述设备(16)具有以下构件:
-第一流体路径(24),其被引导至所述电的储能装置(14);以及
-通风装置(18),其用于所述乘客舱(12)的调温的通风,所述通风装置(18)具有第二流体路径(32),所述第二流体路径(32)被引导至所述乘客舱(12),
其特征在于,所述设备(16)被构造为根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备。
9.一种用于对车辆(10)的电的储能装置(14)、尤其是可再充电的蓄电池进行调温的方法,所述方法借助于用于所述车辆(10)的乘客舱(12)的调温的通风的通风装置(18),其中通过第一流体路径(24)向所述电的储能装置(14)输送调温的空气流,并且其中所述通风装置(18)通过第二流体路径(32)向所述乘客舱(12)输送空气流,其特征在于,两条流体路径(24、32)通过热交换器(44)引导,其中向所述储能装置(14)输送的所述空气流在热交换器(44)中通过在所述空气流之间的热交换进行调温。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,来自车辆周围环境的空气的供应空气流在供应空气入口中被划分为第一分流和第二分流,其中所述第一分流被输送至第一流体路径(24)并且所述第二分流被输送至所述通风装置(18)。
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