CN105973841A - Refractive index sensor based on integrated structure of two-dimensional column array photonic crystal and single-mode optical fiber - Google Patents
Refractive index sensor based on integrated structure of two-dimensional column array photonic crystal and single-mode optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a refractive index sensor based on an integrated structure of a two-dimensional column array photonic crystal and a single-mode optical fiber, and belongs to the technical field of photonic crystal and optical fiber integrated sensor. The refractive index sensor includes a tunable light source, a three-port circulator, an optical detector, transmission type mono-mode optical fibers and the two-dimensional column array photonic crystal, wherein the tunable light source and the optical detector are respectively connected with two ports of the three-port circulator through the transmission type optical fibers, and an end face of the transmission type optical fiber connected with a third port of the three-port circulator is processed with the two-dimensional column array photonic crystal, to form a sensing structure. The refractive index sensor has the advantages of small size of the photonic crystal, low loss, low power consumption, good optical field localization and the like, compact structure design and simple actual preparation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel index sensor based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal Yu single-mode fiber integrated morphology,
Belong to photonic crystal and optical fiber integrated sensor technical field.
Background technology
At present, New-type photon crystal sensor as a kind of brand-new High-performance micro-nano sensor, due to its distinctive high sensitivity,
High-resolution, response time are rapid, little easy of integration, the capacity of resisting disturbance of volume is strong and can realize without advantages such as label detections, must
Arrive the special concern from different application field Many researchers；Along with the development of micro-nano technology technology of preparing, photonic crystal passes
Sensor is no matter in terms of theoretical research, or is obtained for remarkable progress in experimentation and Applied research fields, is considered in reality
Existing Lab-on-a-Chip application aspect possesses huge performance potential and integrated advantage.Meanwhile, along with the research of body area network technology
Deeply, the custodial care facility wearable, implantable serving health has occurred, as core parts, and ultra-compact, Gao Ling
Sensitivity micro-nano integrated sensor meets following sensing network and human health information carries out the application demand of real-time accurate measurements, has
The research closing New-type photon crystal sensor receives much concern at High-performance micro-nano perception detection Applied research fields.
Applied research about photonic crystal sensors reports more and more, involved photonic crystal sensor the most in the world
The functional type of device mainly have biochemical sensor (document 1, Di Falco, A., L.O ' Faolain, and T.F.Krauss.Chemical
sensing in slotted photonic crystal heterostructure cavities.Applied physics letters 94.6(2009)
063503), pressure detecting sensor (document 2, Yang Yi, Daquan Yang, Huiping Tian, and Yuefeng Ji.Photonic
crystal stress sensor with high sensitivity in double directions based on shoulder-coupled aslant
Nanocavity, Sensors and Actuators A:Physical 193 (2013) 149-154), humidity sensor (document 3, Shi,
Jinjie,Vincent KS Hsiao,Thomas R.Walker,and Tony Jun Huang.Humidity sensing based on
nanoporous polymeric photonic crystals,Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical 129,no.1(2008)
391-396), index sensor (document 4, D.F Dorfner, T.H ü rlimann, T.Zabel, L.H.Frandsen,
G.Abstreiter,and J.J.Finley.Silicon photonic crystal nanostructures for refractive index sensing,
Applied Physics Letters, 93,181103 (2008)), micrometric displacement detecting sensor (document 5, Daquan Yang, Huiping
Tian,and Yuefeng Ji.Microdisplacement sensor based on high-Q nanocavity in slot photonic crystal,
Optical Engineering, 50 (5), 054402, (2011)), temperature sensor (document 6, H.Lu, M.P.Bernal.Integrated
temperature sensor based on an enhanced pyroelectric photonic crystal.Optics express,21(14),
16311-16318 (2013)) etc..The above-mentioned photonic crystal sensors ultimate principle realizing different sensing function is all based on light
Sub-crystal forbidden photon band (PBG, photonics band gap) is to the local effect planar of guided mode in forbidden band, and its coupled modes are
Carry out in photonic crystal plane.Along with going deep into of photonic crystal sensors applied research, the performance ginseng of photonic crystal sensors
Number (quality factor q value, sensitivity, resolution, integrated level) is obtained for the biggest lifting.But meanwhile, the type
High-performance photonic crystal sensors is also faced with two key technology difficult problems to be needed to solve: 1) complex structural designs, and actual fabrication is stranded
Difficult: above-mentioned high-performance photonic crystal sensors structural model is all based on baroque photon crystal micro cavity structure, sensing arrangement
Optimization design relatively complicated, and the highest for micro-nano technology technology of preparing required precision, be unfavorable for that photonic crystal passes
The actual fabrication of sensor；2) coupling calibration complexity, application test difficulty: the at present research of relevant photonic crystal sensors part and answering
With, mostly it is all based on what the light wave guide-lighting Local Characteristic in structural plan was realized by photon crystal structure so that such photon
Crystal transducer needs to carry out school at senser element input and output two ends by two fiber coupling lens in reality application test
Quasi-coupling, causes operation complexity, calibration difficulties, the problems such as coupling efficiency is the highest in reality application test process.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned difficulties, the present invention proposes a kind of brand-new based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal and the integrated knot of single-mode fiber
The index sensor that the High-performance micro-nano of structure is compound.Present invention firstly provides a kind of brand-new two-dimensional columns array perfection photonic crystal
Structure (Pillar-array PhC), method promise resonance principle based on photonic crystal, optimize the structural parameters of two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal,
Micro-nano panning techniques is utilized to be sticked on mode transmission single-mode fiber cross section by two-dimensional columns array photon crystal structure.The present invention passes through
Two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal is combined with mode transmission single-mode fiber, utilizes the two-dimensional columns array perfection photonic crystal of simple in construction
Structure achieves high q-factor and the design of highly sensitive photonic crystal integrated sensor and application, the most simple to operate, Er Qie great
Reduce greatly the requirement to calibration accuracy in reality application test process, coupling efficiency can be effectively improved.
The present invention provides a kind of index sensor based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal Yu single-mode fiber integrated morphology, including can
Tuning source, three port circulators, photodetector, mode transmission single-mode fiber and two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal.Wherein mode transmission
The specification of single-mode fiber is: fibre core 8～10 μm, and covering is 125 μm.Described two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal can partly led
By electron beam lithography (Electro beam lithography) and reactive ion etching (Refractive ion on body material substrate (SOI)
Etc. etching) manufacturing technology makes.
In described two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal, background media is air, and dielectric posts is silicon.
In described two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal, using the photonic crystal pillar array structure of triangular crystal lattice, lattice paprmeter is
A=870nm, the radius of dielectric posts is r=174nm, and the height of dielectric posts is h=1.12 μm.
The refractive index of described dielectric posts silicon is 3.42, and the refractive index of background media air is 1.00.
Advantage of the present invention and having the beneficial effects that:
1., compared with tradition integrated device, the present invention has that photonic crystal volume is little, it is low, low in energy consumption to be lost, light field locality is good
The advantage such as good.
2. compared with similar photonic crystal integrated device, present configuration is compact to design, and actual fabrication is simple, similar high-performance optical
Sub-crystal transducer structural model is all based on baroque photon crystal micro cavity structure, and the optimization design of sensor construction is relatively
More complicated, and the highest actual fabrication being unfavorable for photonic crystal sensors of technology of preparing required precision is processed for wiener.
3. the present invention couples calibration and application test is simple.At present about research and the application of photonic crystal sensors part, the most all
It it is based on photon crystal structure, the light wave guide-lighting Local Characteristic in structural plan to be realized so that such photonic crystal sensors
Reality application test needs carry out calibration coupling at senser element input and output two ends by two fiber coupling lens, lead
Cause operation complexity, calibration difficulties, the problems such as coupling efficiency is low in reality application test process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural model schematic diagram of two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal and the index sensor of single-mode fiber integrated morphology.
Fig. 2 is two-dimensional columns array photon crystal structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the transmission plot that the two-dimensional columns array photon crystal structure in the present invention obtains under air conditions.
Fig. 4 is the transmission spectrum that the two-dimensional columns array photon crystal structure in the present invention obtains under different background medias.
Fig. 5 is wavelength and the graph of relation of background media of resonance peak.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention, based on photonic crystal Fano resonance principle, utilizes plane wave expansion method (PWE), ties from 2 D photon crystal energy band
Structure and Modes In Diffused are started with, and selective analysis is positioned at conduction mode (Guided mode) and the photonic crystal in band structure light cone region
Radiation mode (Radiation mode) on structure vertical direction) between coupled resonance phenomenon.When light wave transmits through single-mode fiber
When impinging perpendicularly in two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal plane, utilize Three-dimensional Time Domain finite difference calculus (3D-FDTD), further investigation
The control light mechanism of 2 D photon crystal and optical fiber micro-nano integrated structure and light field Local Characteristic and the light-transfer characteristic such as transmission, reflection；
And then analyze its sensor mechanism being adapted to different sensing functions, on this basis, propose novel based on 2 D photon crystal and light
The High-performance micro-nano sensor design of fine micro-nano integrated structure.By software numerical simulation, simulate actually detected environment, to novel
2 D photon crystal carries out numerical analysis and assessment checking with the sensing capabilities of optical fiber micro-nano integrated structure sensor, and the completeest
Become to optimize design, finally obtain the high 2 D photon crystal of compact conformation, perceptual performance and optical fiber micro-nano integrated structure sensor.
The structural model based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal Yu the index sensor of single-mode fiber integrated morphology that the present invention provides
As it is shown in figure 1, described index sensor includes tunable optical source, three port circulators, photodetector, mode transmission optical fiber
With two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal.Described tunable optical source, photodetector connect three ends by described mode transmission optical fiber respectively
Two ports of mouth circulator, the mode transmission fiber end face processing two-dimensional columns battle array that the 3rd port of described three port circulators connects
Row photonic crystal, forms sensing arrangement.Tunable optical source produces the light wave of a branch of particular range of wavelengths, by three port circulators
Coupling with the optical fiber sensing structure of two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal, the another port of the most described three port circulators connects light
Detector, can detect the light wave reflected by photodetector.Described mode transmission optical fiber uses common mode transmission list
Mode fiber, the specification of optical fiber is: fibre core 8～10 μm, and covering is 125 μm.In 2 D photon crystal post array, background media
For air, dielectric posts is silicon materials, and wherein the refractive index of silicon dielectric posts is nsi=3.42, the refractive index of background media air is
nair=1.00.Use the photonic crystal pillar array structure of triangular crystal lattice, as in figure 2 it is shown, slab construction is referred to as photonic crystal post battle array
The substrate of row, thickness is t, the most specially fibre core of mode transmission optical fiber, and described photonic crystal pillar array structure lattice is normal
Number is a=870nm, and the radius of dielectric posts is r=0.2a=174nm, and the height of dielectric posts is h=1.12 μm.Two-dimensional columns array photon
Three structural parameters a, r, h of crystal structure, when any one parameter changes, resonance wavelength peak value all can offset.Cause
This can constitute the basic structure of two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal index sensor by reasonably designing each structural parameters.
The refractive index sensitivity (S) of described index sensor can be expressed as: S=Δ λ/Δ n, and wherein Δ λ is resonance wavelength peak value
Side-play amount；Δ n is the variable quantity of refractive index in sensing region.When in sensing region, refractive index changes, the resonance of resonator cavity
Frequency offsets the most therewith, by measuring and analyze the offset variation of resonance wavelength peak value in reflectance spectrum, i.e. can get described folding
Penetrate the sensitivity of rate sensor.
The transmission plot that two-dimensional columns array photon crystal structure obtains under air conditions, as it is shown on figure 3, light wave enters from vertical direction
Being mapped to photonic crystal pillar array structure, the wavelength of two resonance peaks is respectively 1300nm, 1472nm in resonance peak centre wavelength
Reflection characteristic at 1472nm is close to 100%, and Q-value is up to 1.4 × 104, field figure shows that photonic crystal post array is to light field
Local Characteristic is the best.When the refractive index of surrounding medium is respectively 1.0,1.1,1.2 and 1.3, obtain its resonance peak
Change is respectively in Fig. 4 from left to right four curves, it can be seen that along with the rising of refractive index, resonance peak will move to long wavelength
Dynamic, its centre wavelength also will become larger.Centre wavelength and the relation song of background media refractive index of resonance peak is given such as Fig. 5
Line chart, it can be seen that in the wave-length coverage of 1470nm～1540nm, along with the increase of refractive index, resonance peak centre wavelength becomes
Change is linear change, and wavelength is to low frequency offset, it is possible to according to the change of its resonance peak, characterizes its place environment and is situated between
The refractive index of matter.
The present invention uses two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal and mode transmission optical fiber micro-nano integrated structure.At mode transmission single-mode fiber fibre core
Two-dimensional columns array perfection photon crystal structure is introduced as core sensing element so that light wave only needs in transmitting procedure on cross section
Efficient coupling resonance transfer just can be done directly, it is not necessary to add special optical fiber through common mode transmission single-mode fiber transmission
Coupled lens improves coupling efficiency, reduces actual test application cost.Simultaneously on the basis of optical fiber transmission property advantage,
The present invention can be further used for structure and the remote real time monitoring of sensor network.
By the tip of optical fiber (i.e. two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal part) is immersed in solution to be detected, when solution to be detected
Environment when changing, the effective refractive index of 2 D photon crystal part can change, and causes resonance peak in reflectance spectrum to occur partially
Moving, therefore the side-play amount by observing resonance peak can realize the detection of analyte in airport.
The index sensor based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal Yu single-mode fiber integrated morphology of the present invention, with two-dimensional columns array
Perfect photonic crystal, as core sensing element, realizes the change of the tested measurement of perception, completes concrete sensing function.Pass through
Energy band diagram, field figure transmission spectrum and the reflectance spectrum of described light wave are emulated by simulation software, and its Q-value is up to 1.36 × 104, refraction
Rate level of sensitivity is 226nm/RIU, it is achieved that High-performance micro-nano sensor.
Claims (4)
1. an index sensor based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal Yu single-mode fiber integrated morphology, it is characterised in that: including can
Tuning source, three port circulators, photodetector, mode transmission single-mode fiber and two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal, described is adjustable
Humorous light source, photodetector connect two ports of three port circulators, described three port rings respectively by described mode transmission optical fiber
The mode transmission fiber end face processing two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal that 3rd port of shape device connects, forms sensing arrangement；Tunable
Light source produces the light wave of a branch of particular range of wavelengths, is tied by the Fibre Optical Sensor of three port circulators with two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal
Structure couples, and the another port of the most described three port circulators connects photodetector, is detected by photodetector and is reflected back
The light wave come.
A kind of refractive index sensing based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal Yu single-mode fiber integrated morphology the most according to claim 1
Device, it is characterised in that: the specification of mode transmission single-mode fiber is: fibre core 8～10 μm, and covering is 125 μm.
A kind of refractive index sensing based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal Yu single-mode fiber integrated morphology the most according to claim 1
Device, it is characterised in that: described two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal on semiconductor material substrate by electron beam lithography and reaction from
Son etching manufacturing technology makes.
A kind of refractive index sensing based on two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal Yu single-mode fiber integrated morphology the most according to claim 1
Device, it is characterised in that: in described two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal, background media is air, and dielectric posts is silicon；Use triangle
The photonic crystal pillar array structure of lattice, lattice paprmeter is a=870nm, and the radius of dielectric posts is r=174nm, the height of dielectric posts
Degree is h=1.12 μm.
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| CN113671688A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-19 | 南京大学 | Broad-spectrum adjustable ultra-narrow bandpass filtering system |
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