CN105970343A - 一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105970343A
CN105970343A CN201610443097.2A CN201610443097A CN105970343A CN 105970343 A CN105970343 A CN 105970343A CN 201610443097 A CN201610443097 A CN 201610443097A CN 105970343 A CN105970343 A CN 105970343A
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elastomeric fiber
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刘亚辉
杨晓印
周志伟
陈铃
毛植森
费长书
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Zhejiang Huafeng Spandex Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：通过大分子量的混合二元醇与二异氰酸酯类物质反应生成异氰酸酯封端的预聚物，把预聚物溶解在二甲基乙酰胺内制成预聚物溶液，预聚物溶液再与胺(或醇)类物质反应生成聚氨酯脲原液，然后在聚氨酯脲原液中添加其他助剂，储藏熟化后制成聚氨酯纺丝原液，最后通过干纺纺丝得到聚氨酯弹性纤维。本发明制备的聚氨酯弹性纤维具有高伸长、高回复率、拉伸模量小的特点。

Description

一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，特别是一种具有高伸长、高回复率、拉伸模量小的聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，属于聚氨酯弹性纤维技术领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯弹性纤维的特征在于其拥有高弹性，目前已是一种应用非常广泛的合成纤维，并且在不断的向新的应用领域扩展。市场上现有领域大多都要求其拥有高回弹，高模量的特性。但是像松紧带、罗口、鞋面、腰带等市场就要求其具有低模量、高回复率，以满足织物的舒适性要求。
烟台氨纶申请号200910259777.9的软氨纶纤维生产方法中描述了一种低应力高伸长氨纶的生产方法，该方法中公开了使用分子量大于3000并且带有侧基(甲基或乙基)聚合多元醇和二异氰酸酯类物质反应后再扩链制备的氨纶。
宋心远的《氨纶的结构、性能和染整》中提到了高柔软性聚氨酯纤维，为了降低氨纶的伸长模量,通常是在氨纶的软链段的聚醚二元醇上附加烷基侧链,但在工业上生产很困难。目前已研制出新的催化剂,完成了含烷基侧链的二元醇工业化生产,用这种二元醇生产的高柔软性聚氨醋纤维Roica SH已进人市场,该氨纶柔软的原因是其软链段在拉伸时,由于存在侧烷基,软链不易拉伸结晶,故容易回复；而常规氨纶软链段拉伸时易靠近而结晶,所以回复性差。这种氨纶即使在-20℃下也有良好的回复性。很适合作滑雪服等低温下的运动服。作为同类产品,还有杜邦公司的Lycra T-902。
以上技术的实现都采用了一种含烷基侧链的聚醚二元醇，其制备的聚氨酯弹性纤维虽然有低模量及高回复性，但其耐热性、耐氧化性较差。本申请采用的是部分聚烯烃二元醇,其分子结构对称性强,分子链中无醚键,后期不易形成氢键,纤维的柔顺性与回复性更强,同时其制备的纤维耐热、耐氧化性能也较强。
发明内容
技术方案：本发明是通过如下步骤实现的：
通过大分子量的混合二元醇与二异氰酸酯类物质反应生成异氰酸酯封端的预聚物，把预聚物溶解在二甲基乙酰胺内制成预聚物溶液，预聚物溶液再与胺(或醇)类物质反应生成聚氨酯脲原液，然后在聚氨酯脲原液中添加其他助剂，储藏熟化后制成聚氨酯纺丝原液，最后通过干纺纺丝得到聚氨酯弹性纤维。
有益效果：本发明的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，与现有技术相比，纤维柔软性更好，回复性、耐热性、耐氧化性能也更优。
具体实施方式
通过大分子量的混合二元醇与二异氰酸酯类物质反应生成异氰酸酯封端的预聚物，把预聚物溶解在二甲基乙酰胺内与胺(或醇)类物质反应生成聚氨酯脲原液，然后在聚氨酯脲原液中添加其他助剂，储藏熟化后制成聚氨酯纺丝原液，最后通过干纺纺丝得到聚氨酯弹性纤维。
本发明中所使用的大分子量的混合二元醇为聚醚型二元醇与聚烯烃二元醇的混合物。
本发明中所使用的聚醚二元醇选自聚乙二醇、聚四亚甲基醚二醇、四氢呋喃氧化乙烯共聚二醇中的至少一种。
本发明中所使用的聚烯烃二元醇选自聚乙烯二元醇、聚丁烯二元醇、聚异戊二烯二元醇、聚乙烯-丁烯二元醇中的至少一种。
本发明中所使用的聚醚二元醇的数均分子量在1000-8000之间。
本发明中所使用的聚烯烃二元醇的数均分子量在1000-6000之间。
本发明中所使用的二异氰酸酯选自4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
本发明中所使用的大分子量的混合二元醇与二异氰酸酯反应的物质的量之比在0.2-1.0之间。
本发明中所使用的胺(或醇)类物质包含选自乙二胺、1，3-丙二胺、2-甲基戊二胺、间苯二胺、二乙醇胺、1，4-丁二醇、二乙胺、二甲胺、单乙醇胺中的至少两种物质。
本发明中所使用的其他助剂包含助染剂、抗紫外助剂、抗氧化剂、防粘剂等。
下面用具体的实施例来详细描述本发明的具体生产过程，但这些实施例不得理解为任何意义上的对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
在氮气氛围、70℃、搅拌的条件下将1400g聚四亚甲基醚二醇(数均分子量为4000)、1356g聚乙烯二醇(数均分子量为4000)与843g的4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯反应120分钟，得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚物，待冷却到40℃后加入5398g二甲基乙酰胺充分溶解，得到预聚物溶液。随后将54.7g乙二胺、3.6g 1，3-丙二胺、7.0g二乙胺混合的二甲基乙酰胺溶液(浓度为5％)缓慢加入到前面的预聚物溶液中制得聚氨酯脲溶液。在所制得的聚氨酯脲溶液中再添加其它助剂经熟化纺丝制备180D规格的聚氨酯弹性纤维。
实施例2：
在氮气氛围、70℃、搅拌的条件下将690g聚乙二醇(数均分子量为3000)、700g聚乙烯-丁烯二醇(数均分子量为3000)与628g的六亚甲基二异氰酸酯反应120分钟，得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚物，待冷却到40℃后加入3500g二甲基乙酰胺充分溶解，得到预聚物溶液。随后将27.1g乙二胺、5.33g 2-甲基戊二胺、3.7g二乙胺混合的二甲基乙酰胺溶液(浓度为5％)缓慢加入到前面的预聚物溶液中制得聚氨酯脲溶液。在所制得的聚氨酯脲溶液中再添加其它助剂经熟化纺丝制备180D规格的聚氨酯弹性纤维。
实施例3：
在氮气氛围、70℃、搅拌的条件下将1284g四氢呋喃氧化乙烯共聚二醇(数均分子量为7800)、1200g聚乙烯-丁烯二醇(数均分子量为7800)与1119g的4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯反应120分钟，得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚物，待冷却到40℃后加入5405g二甲基乙酰胺充分溶解，得到预聚物溶液。随后将49.7g乙二胺、6.8g 1，3-丙二胺、4.0g二甲胺混合的二甲基乙酰胺溶液(浓度为5％)缓慢加入到前面的预聚物溶液中制得聚氨酯脲溶液。在所制得的聚氨酯脲溶液中再添加其它助剂经熟化纺丝制备180D规格的聚氨酯弹性纤维。
对比例1：
在氮气氛围、70℃、搅拌的条件下将2937g聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(数均分子量为1810)与659g的4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯反应120分钟，得到异氰酸酯封端的预聚物，待冷却到40℃后加入5394g二甲基乙酰胺充分溶解，得到预聚物溶液。随后将53.6g乙二胺、7.3g 1，2-丙二胺、7.2g二乙胺混合的二甲基乙酰胺溶液(浓度为4.6％)缓慢加入到前面的预聚物溶液中制得聚氨酯脲溶液。在所制得的聚氨酯脲溶液中再添加其它助剂经熟化纺丝制备180D规格的聚氨酯弹性纤维。
最后对上述实施例和对比例的产品进行常规指标检测，具体见下表
从实施例和对比例发现，本发明方法制备聚氨酯弹性纤维，比常规工艺制备的产品具有更好的伸长率、更低的拉升模量以及高回复率，同时其耐热性与耐氧化性能也有所提高。
以上实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明进行限制，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种改进，均应落入本发明确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
通过大分子量的混合二元醇与二异氰酸酯类物质反应生成异氰酸酯封端的预聚物，把预聚物溶解在二甲基乙酰胺内制成预聚物溶液，预聚物溶液再与胺(或醇)类物质反应生成聚氨酯脲原液，然后在聚氨酯脲原液中添加其他助剂，储藏熟化后制成聚氨酯纺丝原液，最后通过干纺纺丝得到聚氨酯弹性纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于所述的大分子量混合二元醇为聚醚二元醇与聚烯烃二元醇的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于所述的聚醚二元醇选自聚乙二醇、聚四亚甲基醚二醇、四氢呋喃氧化乙烯共聚二醇中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于所述的聚烯烃二元醇选自聚乙烯二元醇、聚丁烯二元醇、聚异戊二烯二元醇、聚乙烯-丁烯二元醇中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于所述的聚醚二元醇的数均分子量在1000-8000之间。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于所述的聚烯烃二元醇的数均分子量在1000-6000之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，特征在于所述的二异氰酸酯选自4，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2，4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于所述的大分子量的混合二元醇与二异氰酸酯反应的物质的量之比在0.2-1.0之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于所述的胺(或醇)类物质包含选自乙二胺、1，3-丙二胺、2-甲基戊二胺、间苯二胺、二乙醇胺、1，4-丁二醇、二乙胺、二甲胺、单乙醇胺中的至少两种物质。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种低模量高回复率聚氨酯弹性纤维的制备方法，其特征在于所述其他助剂包含助染剂、抗紫外助剂、抗氧化剂、防粘剂。
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