CN105970040B - A kind of replacement QT500 throws a spear the aluminum alloy materials and its centre spinning method of disk - Google Patents

A kind of replacement QT500 throws a spear the aluminum alloy materials and its centre spinning method of disk Download PDF

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CN105970040B
CN105970040B CN201610489541.4A CN201610489541A CN105970040B CN 105970040 B CN105970040 B CN 105970040B CN 201610489541 A CN201610489541 A CN 201610489541A CN 105970040 B CN105970040 B CN 105970040B
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alloy
casting
spear
disk
throws
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CN105970040A (en
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张中可
车云
门三泉
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Guizhou Huake Aluminium Material Engineering Technology Research Co Ltd
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Guizhou Huake Aluminium Material Engineering Technology Research Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

It throws a spear the invention discloses a kind of replacement QT500 the aluminum alloy materials of disk, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：Cobalt Co：0.005%‑0.02%；Manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10‑2~2.0%, make 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, surplus is aluminium Al.

Description

A kind of replacement QT500 throws a spear the aluminum alloy materials and its centre spinning method of disk
Technical field
It throws a spear the present invention relates to a kind of replacement QT500 aluminum alloy materials of disk and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron（Abbreviation magnesium iron）It is one of primary base material in steel industry, is heavily used for making extensively The more demanding parts such as stress complexity, intensity, toughness, wearability are made, such as universal machine, lifting, agricultural, automobile, casting, spinning It knits, lathe, electric power, petrochemical industry, ship part etc., Main Morphology and type are hydraulic pressure housing, the pump housing, pipeline, valve body, cylinder body, wheel Hub, shaft member, ball connection, driving member, suspender, hook fastener, conducting element, tumbler etc.；
Why widely used magnesium iron is, and also residing in it has the standard brand of subdivision, each trade mark defines more stringent Accurate chemical composition combination, specification of heat treatment parameter, mechanical property and physical index etc., so as to correspond to subdivision application products Class.It is shown in Table 1.
The corresponding mechanical property of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron trade mark determining 1 GB/T 1348 of table and tissue
This mechanical performance index and its criteria for classification of magnesium iron can be used as aluminum alloy materials innovative design, raising property Can to mark basis, can simultaneously serve as the comparison channel of " with aluminium for steel ", i.e.,：If aluminium alloy can substitute certain trade mark ball Iron, then further replacement and the close steel of this trade mark performance, are just enough to lead a kind of trend or fashion in industrial circle.
From the perspective of natural characteristic and experience accumulation, aluminium and aluminium alloy have the advantages that a variety of compared with magnesium iron：
1. aluminum material has fabulous cryogenic property, mechanical property is reduced with temperature and is improved, in cold season and low Warm environment has unique advantage as structural material, and magnesium iron is then reduced with temperature and gradually occurred from toughness to brittle transformation, Especially in brittle transition temperature hereinafter, its impact value drastically declines or even occur " low-temperature brittle fracture ".
2. aluminium and aluminium alloy specific strength are high, there is good fracture toughness, and magnesium iron improves and elongation percentage with yield strength Decline, the sensibility of stress concentration is significantly increased, show as the smaller i.e. fracture of deflection after surrendering, this " fatigue clear break " Person's character is often that civil infrastructure integrally collapses the potential hard defects that formula is destroyed without sign suddenly, is many great serious accidents Arch-criminal.
3. due to aluminium and aluminium alloy is big compared with the thermal capacitance of magnesium iron and steel and thermal conductivity is good, therefore its fire prevention, explosion-proof, early warning are more It is good.
Prevent 4. the antioxidant anticorrosive of aluminium and aluminium alloy in itself is significantly larger than steel and is more suitable for progress high-tech surface Rotten and decoration integrated processing.
5. aluminum material alloying and heat treatment process are simple compared with magnesium iron, the alloying temperature of aluminium is generally below 750 DEG C, at heat Temperature is managed between 150~600 DEG C, is divided by effect and also there was only solid solution, timeliness, several simple process of homogenizing annealing, and ball For the alloying temperature of iron more than 1400 DEG C, heat treatment temperature is divided into Stress relieving annealing, height then at 500~1000 DEG C by effect The a series of complex techniques such as warm graphitizing annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, more warm quenchings, surface hardening, thermo-chemical treatment, no But process is complicated, equipment technology requirement is high, and it is also several times or even more than ten times of aluminum material to consume and discharge.
From machinery（Pressure）Processing technology and equipment compare, aluminum material can easily using cast, roll, squeeze, forge, The techniques such as saw, milling, weldering, punching press, and magnesium iron is unable to extrusion process, other processing methods are also required to use the specification than aluminum material Much bigger process equipment and tooling with power, to the manufacturing process of finished parts, almost each procedure link magnesium iron and steel Power more higher than aluminum material will be consumed.
7. along the entire life cycle that parts are applied, magnesium iron is lacked because of big, heavy, perishable, easy brittle failure of its inertia etc. It falls into, material consumption, energy consumption and maintenance cost are significantly larger than aluminum material, and the value recycled is also far below aluminum material.
Aforementioned these steel shortcoming and the unique superior quality of aluminum material, the marked improvement for " with aluminium for steel " provide The basis of reality that civilization of human society progress is pursued.
In the technology upgrading of " with aluminium for steel ", in order to give full play to aluminium alloy with " light " the superior spy of series for representative Property, it is necessary to it is first made to have tremendous development in terms of " strong ", while there cannot be unacceptable manufacture cost increase, it could significantly It expands it and uses field.This requires must first make a breakthrough in Al-alloy material design.
It is examined closely from the method for material preparation, since material characteristics are combined by carry the microcosmic object of functionality of this feature Contribute what is come, therefore the good functional object of acquisition is combined, such as high intensity, high-melting-point, high-ductility, high rigidity, corrosion resistant Erosion etc. is the final result that various preparation methods are pursued, so as to, the Design of Chemical Composition of aluminium alloy and its technology of preparing there is Close internal integrity, this uniformity, in short, being the pass how a kind of atom is combined into required " object phase molecule " The object of system, i.e. material mutually can regard a kind of molecular structure as.The mixed smelting and casting crystalline of element are formulated, is fusion casting shape The major contributing link of material of becoming a useful person phase molecule composite structure, in fusion-casting process, between the metal of solid solution crystal grain and crystal boundary Compound molecule object mutually determines the crystalline state combination (submicron particles of alloy:10~300 μm or so of scale), subsequent heat treatment Or flow harden is then to fine structure (micron particles under crystalline state group frame:1~30 μm or so of scale) or even more Microcosmic precise and tiny structure (Subnano-class or sub-micron grade particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) it is adjusted and perfect, this adjustment With perfect degree and range, in known technology and traditional concept, it is believed that mainly as the alloy phase residing for alloy composition The combined decision of object that graph region gives, still, alloy phase diagram do not provide the addition of other trace elements and exclude what is generated It influences, with less prediction addition and the directiveness for excluding other trace elements and mutually being influenced on object.Use for reference alloy solution chemistry Theoretical and method improves melt structure, such as the covering of protective film, the addition of slag former, refining agent or alterant, degasification slagging-off Purification etc. is the important technical for improving the combination of alloy crystalline state, fine structure or even more microcosmic precise and tiny structure, but these Means, due to being to grope accumulation during prepare alloy to get, be often considered as " preparation process " rather than " into Set up meter separately " part.
On engineer application, the size and state of aluminum alloy solution body crystal grain and the intermetallic for being distributed in crystal boundary The size and form of object has conclusive influence to the mechanical property of alloy.Coarse plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal etc. are no Ordered crystal and the coarse brittle property intermetallic compound for being distributed in crystal boundary, can be the good fine structure of alloy and precise and tiny knot Structure all balances out the obdurability contribution of matrix, because the law of development that these coarse grains are deferred to results from casting mold cavity Type wall life core, from the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of export-oriented liquid internal, cause the component segregation of alloy, crystallization it is coarse it is unidirectional, The non-uniform defect of macro property, so as to some common deficiencies as alloy, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, thick The root of big solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle etc..The routine used at present goes bad means and the means of crystal grain thinning, such as Add aluminium titanium boron or Al-Ti-C master alloy, best effect can only make mean grain size refine to 120~150 microns, and branch For brilliant form often without basic transformation, this is the important bottleneck problem that alloy mechanical property improves.Because aluminium is closed For gold, the approach that intensity and toughness improve simultaneously, the only refinement of crystal grain and rounding are obtained；The adjustment of heat treatment process, In a state that crystalline structure has determined, intensity or toughness can only be made to be optimized on one side.Therefore, it is how further thin Change the mean grain size with rounding alloy, be the target that industrial circle is pursued always.
In terms of design of material angle, 211Z materials are difficult to overcome the problems, such as there is also some.Micro-analysis is found, is had Bulky grain has very high titanium Ti and rare earth concentration, and as promoting the substance of crystal grain refinement, this phenomenon shows Ti and rare earth It has moved towards to need the opposite solved the problems, such as；And in the production process of 211Z alloy-steel castings, also occur and common aluminum alloy The defects of equally common, including pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, be mingled with (slag), Cold shut, cold shot, crackle, rotten defect, solid solution deficiency and burning etc..
These defects, main cause still will start with from the chemical composition of alloy in itself and its microcosmic phase structure of formation It studies, especially the formation mechenism of object phase molecule composite structure is furtherd investigate, can just see clearly essence, and then finds solution Certainly problem, the effective way of elimination defect.
The spherical aberration correction scanning of very high resolution by being up to 0.08nm to aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy is saturating The precise and tiny constituency analysis of electron microscope (STEM) is penetrated, obtains various phase structures, the Atomic Resolution established on an atomic scale It is distributed with chemical element.Confirm wherein there are a series of hardening constituents, including well-known Al-Cu binary metastable phase (GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇), new disc phase and balance phase θ (Al2Cu)；Wherein inside matrix grain, a kind of forked (the T+ θ H) group of stick of new discovery Close phase, the trunk portion T-phase of the combination phase is Al-Cu-Mn ternary phases, molecular structural formula Al20Cu2Mn3, molecule phase character is Diameter about 100nm, length about 600~1000nm are in mandrel shape and { 010 } face coherence of its (010) face and alloy matrix aluminum；And T The apposition growth secondary phase of Al-Cu binary of size larger (thickness about 20nm, being about 50nm) around phase, due to the secondary phase with Other Al-Cu metastable phases (GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phases) are compared in matrix, have very big difference in structure, particularly The other Al-Cu metastable phases thickness of thickness ratio much, therefore the present invention be referred to as θ H phases, molecular structural formula Alx(x is likely less than Cu 2), it is a kind of richness Cu molecules.
According to alloy strengthening theory, the intensity of alloy is that material median surface or dislocation movement by slip are generated by the obstruction of particle , obstruction is stronger, and the intensity of material is also bigger.And particle hinders the knot that behavior interacts with material median surface or dislocation movement by slip Fruit, there are two types of：One kind is when particle strong hardness itself is not high enough, and dislocation will cut through particle and continue to slide, and another kind is particle Intensity is very high, and dislocation can not be cut through, then can only bypass particle and continue to slide, and a circle dislocation ring is left around particle.
The size that two kinds of results contribute the strength of materials is obvious：Particle is cut through to the strength of materials around particle ratio Contribution it is big；It cuts through particle and is capable of providing the preferable elongation percentage of material, and will be carried due to the humidification of dislocation ring around particle For the higher yield strength of material and tensile strength.
In the traditional concept about aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy, due to always all thinking that Al-Cu Binary-phases are The principal element of alloy strengthening, therefore, the emphasis of investigation of materials and design concern exactly makes each metastable state of Al-Cu Binary-phases real Now optimal combination in the alloy.Although it has also been found that there is T ternary phases, being not to be considered as T-phase can be with to the contribution of alloy strength The combination of each metastable phase of Al-Cu binary is compared, and thinks that T-phase easily assembles to form coarse brittlement phase in crystal boundary, therefore tight Lattice control its quantity.
GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc shapeds the contribution feature of the metastable golden intensity that is involutory of binary Al-Cu belong to dislocation Particle mode is cut through, its main feature is that disc grows bigger, cuts through more difficult therefore also bigger to the contribution of intensity, still, works as disk Piece greatly to a certain extent (diameter be more than 150nm and thickness only has 1~3nm), the mismatch of lattice dot matrix and matrix lattice dot matrix Height is spent, just no longer can keep complete coherence with matrix, and gradually shows the feature of brittlement phase.Therefore, coherence should be kept again There is maximum mismatch stress field to play maximum obstruction dislocation movement by slip ability, there are one best for each metastable phase particles of binary Al-Cu The problem of combination, while be also required to it and larger contribution is kept to the elongation percentage of matrix, before this is or even from now on design of material Always one of main problem to be considered.
As previously mentioned, tradition magnesium iron（QT500）The disk of throwing a spear made, there are following during practical manufacture, use Defect：
1. because magnesium iron elongation percentage is relatively low, the sensibility of stress concentration is significantly increased, shows as deforming after surrendering
The smaller easy fracture of amount, causes the accident.
2. magnesium iron heat treatment process is complicated, equipment technology requirement is high, and consumes and discharge and is also very big.
3. along the entire life cycle that parts are applied, magnesium iron is lacked because of big, heavy, perishable, easy brittle failure of its inertia etc. It falls into, material consumption, energy consumption and maintenance cost are higher than very much, and the value recycled is relatively low.
Aluminium alloy makes loom disk of throwing a spear and has no correlative study at home, because of the limitation of common aluminum alloy basic material Property, mechanical property is relatively low, especially high-temperature heat-resistance performance, and the temperature born is less than 300 DEG C, has seriously affected the longevity for disk of throwing a spear Order or even increase security risk.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：Aluminum alloy materials and its preparation that a kind of replacement QT500 throws a spear disk are provided Method, wherein addition Lewis Acids and Bases pair, effectively to expedite the emergence of critical nucleus（Obtain equiax crystal）, alloy is made to obtain before curing The best combined structure of molecule object（(T+ θ H) combines phase）, alloy crystalline state is promoted to optimize, base material is enabled aluminum alloy to and realizes 500MPa And higher strength grade, QT500, which is substituted, so as to reaching production throws a spear the Al-alloy products of disk.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of replacement QT500 throws a spear the aluminum alloy materials of disk, principal component content by weight hundred Divide than meter：Cobalt Co：0.005%-0.02%；Manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >= 0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-2~2.0%, make 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, surplus is aluminium Al。
The alloy grain is equiax crystal.
Sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=5/square micron in the alloy grain.
The Lewis Acids and Bases to for metal carbide, main group dvielement, one kind in interior transition dvielement, Huo Zheyi Kind is mixed above.
The carbide of the metal, including zirconium carbide ZrC.
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair account for Al matrix weight percent, ranging from by element additive amount：Ti ＜ 0.05%, Y ＜ 0.04%, Nd ＜ 0.13%, Mg ＜ 0.4%, ZrC ＜ 0.06%.
A kind of replacement QT500 throw a spear disk aluminum alloy materials preparation method, comprise the steps of：
(1) weight ratio is determined in the range of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of each required material；
(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added in into smelting furnace, heat and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；
(3) manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, cobalt Co are added in, stirring adds in selected Lewis Acids and Bases pair or adds in what is selected Lewis Acids and Bases stir evenly combination；
(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；
(5) slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely advise In fixed deviation range；To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
(6) it casts：It is poured into a mould using centrifugal casting.
The centrifugal casting cast, step are as follows：
(1) melt is transferred to casting ladle from holding furnace；
(2) casting mold is preheating to preference temperature；
(3) driving motor is opened, band movable belt pulley and wheel shaft rotate, and then drive the casting mold rotation being mounted on an axle；
(4) for adjustment casting mold rotating speed in 50~1500r/min, the casting ladle that verts makes melt flow into running gate system along pouring basin, Casting mold is flowed by running gate system, is full of casting mold cavity under the effect of casting mold rotary centrifugal force；
(5) it after melt solidification completely, stops rotating, molds pickup；
(6) product, natural cooling, cleaning sand core, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
(7) appearance quality detection：Rough casting before presentation quality inspection is carried out, should clean out it is smooth, it is non-processing The dead head in face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
(8) internal soundness detects；
(9) solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C Following solution treatment after the completion of heat preservation quenches, uses water cooling or oil cooling at once；
(10) ageing strengthening：Will complete solution treatment casting be sent into aging furnace carry out ageing strengthening processing, 230 DEG C with Lower ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
(11) sampling analysis test verification；
(12) practical performance is verified.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is pointed by lewis' theory of acids and bases, molecule solution can occur in aluminium alloy melt Body or " acid-base pair " substance for contributing to (range i.e. less than 1 nanometer) object phase molecule structure optimization in time nano-area, application It is adjusted in the fine structure of melt nanoscale range, is the most important creative technological means of the present invention.
By using lewis' theory of acids and bases, make in relation to addition and exclusion of the Lewis Acids and Bases to the trace element of carrying, Molecule disintegration and conversion occurs in aluminium alloy melt environment, (0.1nm~10nm scale models are provided in the hyperfine microcell of melt Enclose) abundant disturbance and activation effect, reach and expedite the emergence of critical nucleus and largely formed, alloy grain degree is made further to be refined, Form more rounding；Optimize very small areas (micron order simultaneously:1~30 μm or so of scale) and (Subnano-class is secondary in precise and tiny region Micron order particle:1 μm of scale 10nm~＜) object phase molecule composite structure, increase (T+ θ H) combination mutually in alloy substrate Content is the mechanism problem of alloy strengthening that the present invention solves.
Due to the discovery of (T+ θ H) combination phase, in aluminium alloy strengthening design, it is possible to phase is combined by increasing (T+ θ H), The matrix strength for enabling aluminum alloy to material obtains big promotion, is well controlled between 400~600MPa in yield strength, this Be the invention solves engineer application problem, i.e. alternate series ductile iron material and product.
For aluminium alloy melt, the boride such as molybdenum boride MoB of metal (or MoB2), the carbide such as titanium carbide of metal The nitride such as tungsten nitride WN of TiC, metal2Or the complex chemical compound such as boron carbide B of the boron carbon nitrogen of metal4C, aluminium titanium nitrogen AlTiN or aluminium chromium nitrogen AlCrN with Covalent bonding together between atom, has the feature of Lewis Acids and Bases pair, these are in normal conditions The particularly preferred substance of sufficiently stable and heat resistance, after dispersedly melt is blown into nanomorphic powder, due to high temperature, rich electricity Sub and very big specific surface area, the interface of generation can be enough to cause material molecule that polarization deformation or even disproportionation decomposition occurs, In nanometer range can cause disturbance and activation effect, therefore, the boride of metal, the carbide of metal, metal nitride or The complex chemical compound of the boron carbon nitrogen of person's metal can also be attributed to " Lewis Acids and Bases to ".
To sum up, Lewis Acids and Bases pair of the present invention can show as variform, boride, metal including metal Carbide, metal the nitride or complex chemical compound of boron carbon nitrogen of metal, main group dvielement, transition group dvielement, interior One kind or more than one mixing in transition dvielement.
In addition, since Lewis Acids and Bases are to being capable of providing to foreign peoples's material concentration of alloy melt bigger, increase The constitutional supercooling degree of melt crystallization process causes nucleus quickly to cross critical dimension under stronger crystallization power, and in supercooling It is freely nucleated and grows in liquid, being formed has isotropism and shape closer to spherical equi-axed crystal；Due to equiax crystal It is this because of the free growing endogenetic forming mechanism of liquid internal, change the irregular crystals edge such as plane crystalline substance, dendrite, column crystal In type wall life core, the unidirectionally extended growth pattern of extroversion liquid internal, therefore avoid or alleviate alloy certainly of casting mold cavity Component segregation, coarse unidirectional, the non-uniform defect of macro property of crystallization, so that some for effectively avoiding or alleviating alloy are common Defect, such as pin hole, stomata, shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation, coarse solid solution, high hardness compound, crackle.
The present invention is based on the contrast images to alloy microstructure very high resolution and precise and tiny constituency structural analysis, it was found that The hyperfine structure of the forked combination phase of transgranular (T+ θ H) stick there is sub-micron grade.Compared with each binary of Al-Cu, (T+ θ H) Combination mutually has many advantages, including：Particle size is big, and anti-dislocation movement by slip face is big；Trunk portion T is that high hard high stable compound is gathered The rodlike twin formed is closed, strength support can be provided for alloy in a manner that dislocation bypasses；Its secondary θ H attachment is mutually on trunk It is oblique or perpendicular to T mandrels direction and to surrounding matrix grow simultaneously with matrix coherence, enhance trunk to lattice-site around The tightening ability of battle array or, in other words, T mandrels by adhering to thereon to the secondary phases of θ H of surrounding growth, tightening act on to The matrix space of surrounding is transmitted and diffusion, this effect, produces steel in similar building structure to matrix in secondary um region Invigoration effect of the reinforced net in concrete, greatly improves matrix strength.This effect is matrix if compared from monomer Middle flake Al-Cu metastable phases (GP areas, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc phases) or a combination thereof all far from compared to；But In common aluminum bronze manganese systems (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy, due to each binary Al-Cu metastable phases intrinsic silicon distribution density much Higher than the distribution density of (T+ θ H) combination phase, the effect of (T+ θ H) combination phase is caused to be blanked and be never found.
(T+ θ H) combination phase in θ H but with different positions to much bigger thickness, to alloy substrate produce better than with trip GP areas existing for amorph, θ ＂, θ ＇ or other disc shapeds binary Al-Cu metastable phases reinforcing contribution：θ H are in addition to trunk T-phase Tightening act on that peripherad matrix space is transmitted and diffusion is outer, due to anti-matrix slide surface bigger, therefore to matrix humidification Bigger；Since direction is more, therefore isotropic uniformity is showed to the invigoration effect of matrix；Due to being not belonging to high rigid matter Point, so can still be supplied to the preferable plasticity and toughness of matrix in a manner that dislocation is cut through；In short, (T+ θ H) combination mutually optimizes aluminum bronze manganese Be (Al-Cu-Mn) alloy object phase molecule composite structure, for matrix provide high Hard Inclusion T-phase bypass strengthening effect and height It is acted in metastable combined two kinds of the strengthening effects that cut through of free state Al-Cu；So research plays this excellent comprehensive effect Should, it is necessary to the emphasis of design of material concern from tradition merely to Al-Cu it is metastable it is combined be transferred out, and concentrate on to (T+ θ H) combination phase expedites the emergence of in effect.
Inventive formulation is configured as one of technical way, is to combine the crystalline state of alloy to realize mean grain size ＜ Under the premise of 120 microns of equiax crystal, can also be achieved inside alloy grain (T+ θ H) combination phase amount 5/[μm]2More than.Cause This, principal component content is by weight percentage：Cobalt Co：0.005%-0.02%；Manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%；Lewis Acids and Bases are to total amount 1% × 10-2~2.0%, make alloy mean grain size 120 microns of ＜, surplus are aluminium Al.Trace additives of the transition group dvielement cobalt (Co) as complex alloys are increased, AlCo, Al are formed in alloy9Co2Deng 8 kinds of dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phases, Co is the high strength cast aluminum alloys of complex alloys Trace additives when it coexists with Mn, form Al4（CoFeMn）Etc. very complicated hardening constituent in interdendritic, dislocation, resistance are hindered Only grain sliding is effectively improved the room temperature and high temperature of alloy（At 400 DEG C）Intensity.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention includes 2 parts, and first part is prompting and explanation, and second part is specific implementation Example.
First part：Prompting and explanation
The step of alloy melt prepares：
1st, weight ratio is determined in the range of, element ratio, selecting one group of substance combination in aforementioned Lewis Acids and Bases, according to The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of each required material, works out alloy production list of ingredients, and select by list of ingredients The various stocks of foot.
2nd, suitable aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid are added in into smelting furnace, heating is allowed to completely melt and protect at 700 DEG C or more Temperature；To prevent melt from sucking excessive air, fusion process should as far as possible in a short time with completed in enclosed environment.
3rd, manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, cobalt Co are added in by formula rate, after stirring evenly, adds in selected Lewis Acids and Bases The Lewis Acids and Bases that right or addition is selected stir evenly combination.
If the Lewis Acids and Bases pair are either combined can be directly added into melt or to press auxiliary square in solid block Formula adds in melt；
If the Lewis Acids and Bases pair or combination are linear in solid filament, can cast with on-line automatic wire feeding mode When be continuously added to or be cut into suitable segment, add in casting ladle before each casting or scoop wooden dipper；
If the Lewis Acids and Bases pair either combine in solid powdery can select directly to blow to melt or with The fluidized regime that protective gas drives continuously blows, and described blow can select to blow from melt upper vertical insertion melt It send, blow from furnace body side oblique cutting melt or blowed from furnace bottom air brick hole.
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair, the selection of active metal element add in melt, high-melting-point insoluble metal member in the form of protecting Element selection complex form, readily soluble heavy metal select elemental stage.
Solid powder form is made in advance in the Lewis Acids and Bases pair or combination, compound or complex selection.
The Lewis Acids and Bases pair or combination select to add in melt after the completion of the melting of alloy host element or molten Body adds in melt and either adds in melt after refining purifies or melt is added before cast form when refining.
4 then to above-mentioned alloy melt carry out furnace refining, it is described refining selection operated in enclosed environment, the envelope It closes environmental selection and the exhaust gas that refining generates continuously is excluded in a manner of exhausting.
5th, slagging-off, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition after refining adjust chemical composition according to analysis result and extremely provide Deviation range in；
The adjustment selection of chemical composition is adjusted in a manner of adding in Lewis Acids and Bases pair or combination；
To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove for temperature adjustment, online degasification, slagging-off；
The degasification can select the agitation of graphite-pipe sleeve rotor to be blown into purification gas；
The purification gas can select nitrogen, argon gas, chlorine or their mixture；
The slagging-off can select surface filtration method either to be selected to remove coarse particle or melt in melt except removing dross The sediment of bottom；
The filtration method can select ceramic filter plate either glass fibre or filter cloth as filter medium；
The filtering can carry out single-stage filtering either double-stage filtering or multistage filtering；
The coarse particle can be the particle that granularity is not less than 10 microns.
6th, it casts.Centrifugal casting cast is selected, step is as follows：
(1) melt is transferred to casting ladle from holding furnace；
(2) casting mold is preheating to preference temperature；
(3) driving motor is opened, band movable belt pulley and wheel shaft rotate, and then drive the casting mold rotation being mounted on an axle；
(4) for adjustment casting mold rotating speed in 50~1500r/min, the casting ladle that verts makes melt flow into running gate system along pouring basin, Casting mold is flowed by running gate system, is full of casting mold cavity under the effect of casting mold rotary centrifugal force；
(5) it after melt solidification completely, stops rotating, molds pickup.
(6) product, natural cooling, cleaning sand core, sawing riser, polishing overlap are taken out in die sinking；
(7) appearance quality detection：Rough casting before presentation quality inspection is carried out, should clean out it is smooth, it is non-processing The dead head in face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；
(8) internal soundness detects；
(9) solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C Following solution treatment after the completion of heat preservation quenches, uses water cooling or oil cooling at once；
(10) ageing strengthening：Will complete solution treatment casting be sent into aging furnace carry out ageing strengthening processing, 230 DEG C with Lower ageing strengthening, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove；
(11) sampling analysis test verification；
(12) practical performance is verified.
Second part：Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：A kind of aluminium alloy for substituting QT500 is throwed a spear disk and its centre spinning method
1st, product parameter：Diameter 1250mm, disk thickness 80mm；For there is woven fabric machine；
2nd, production procedure：Melt → cast → rotation cavity → mold filling and solidification → stalling die sinking pickup → solid solution → timeliness；
3rd, alloy formula weight percent is：
Manganese Mn:0.6~0.7%, cadmium Cd:0.08%, copper Cu:6.3~6.5%；Ti ＜ 0.05%, Y ＜ 0.04%, Nd ＜ 0.13%, Mg ＜ 0.4%, Co ＜ 0.02%, ZrC ＜ 0.06%, surplus are aluminium Al；
4th, melt cast temperature >=720 DEG C；
5th, mold preheating temperature >=430 DEG C；
6th, filling time≤10s；
7th, cavity rotating speed >=500r/min, the min of retention time >=5；
8th, it is heat-treated：T6 (solid solution adds full artificial aging)；
9th, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 90-95 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) group in crystal grain Close phase amount 6/[μm]2；
10th, casting mechanical performance
Tensile strength Mpa Yield strength Mpa Hardness HB Elongation after fracture %
520 450 142 6.2
Embodiment 2：A kind of aluminium alloy for substituting QT500 is throwed a spear disk and its centre spinning method
1st, product parameter：Diameter 1250mm, disk thickness 80mm；For there is woven fabric machine；
2nd, production procedure：Melt → cast → rotation cavity → mold filling and solidification → stalling die sinking pickup → solid solution → timeliness；
3rd, alloy formula weight percent is：
Manganese Mn:0.6~0.7%, cadmium Cd:0.08%, copper Cu:6.3~6.5%；Ti ＜ 0.05%, Y ＜ 0.04%, Nd ＜ 0.13%, Mg ＜ 0.4%, Co ＜ 0.01%, ZrC ＜ 0.06%, surplus are aluminium Al；
4th, melt cast temperature >=720 DEG C；
5th, mold preheating temperature >=430 DEG C；
6th, filling time≤10s；
7th, cavity rotating speed >=500r/min, the min of retention time >=5；
8th, it is heat-treated：T6 (solid solution adds full artificial aging)；
9th, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 90-95 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) group in crystal grain Close phase amount 5/[μm]2；
10th, casting mechanical performance
Tensile strength Mpa Yield strength Mpa Hardness HB Elongation after fracture %
510 440 135 6.2
Embodiment 3：A kind of aluminium alloy for substituting QT500 is throwed a spear disk and its centre spinning method
1st, product parameter：Diameter 1250mm, disk thickness 80mm；For there is woven fabric machine；
2nd, production procedure：Melt → cast → rotation cavity → mold filling and solidification → stalling die sinking pickup → solid solution → timeliness；
3rd, alloy formula weight percent is：
Manganese Mn:0.6~0.7%, cadmium Cd:0.08%, copper Cu:5.3~6.5%；Co ＜ 0.02%, ZrC ＜ 0.06%, surplus are Aluminium Al；
4th, melt cast temperature >=720 DEG C；
5th, mold preheating temperature >=430 DEG C；
6th, filling time≤10s；
7th, cavity rotating speed >=500r/min, the min of retention time >=5；
8th, it is heat-treated：T6 (solid solution adds full artificial aging)；
9th, cast microstructure index：Metallographic structure is equiax crystal, 90-95 μm of mean grain size, (T+ θ H) group in crystal grain Close phase amount 5/[μm]2；
10th, casting mechanical performance
Tensile strength Mpa Yield strength Mpa Hardness HB Elongation after fracture %
510 445 139 6.2

Claims (6)

  1. The aluminum alloy materials of disk 1. a kind of replacement QT500 throws a spear, it is characterised in that：Principal component content is by weight percentage：Cobalt Co：0.005%-0.02%；Manganese Mn:≤ 2%, cadmium Cd:0.05%~0.5%, copper Cu:4.2%~8.0% and Cu >=0.8Mn+4.05%； Surplus is aluminium Al；Additive total amount 1% × 10-2~2.0%, make 120 microns of alloy mean grain size ＜, sub-nanometer in alloy grain (T+ θ H) combination phase amount reaches >=5/square micron；The molecular structural formula of sub-nanometer (T+ θ H) combination phase is in alloy grain (Al20Cu2Mn3+AlxCu), the thickness that wherein x is less than 2, θ H phases is 20nm, a length of 50nm；The additive is the carbonization of metal In a kind of and aforesaid compound in one kind or more than one mixing or main group dvielement, interior transition dvielement in object More than one mixing.
  2. The aluminum alloy materials of disk 2. a kind of replacement QT500 according to claim 1 throws a spear, it is characterised in that：Alloy grain For equiax crystal.
  3. The aluminum alloy materials of disk 3. a kind of replacement QT500 according to claim 2 throws a spear, it is characterised in that：The gold The carbide of category, including zirconium carbide ZrC.
  4. The aluminum alloy materials of disk 4. a kind of replacement QT500 according to one of claim 1-3 throws a spear, it is characterised in that：Institute Additive is stated, accounts for Al matrix weight percent by element additive amount, ranging from：Ti ＜ 0.05%, Y ＜ 0.04%, Nd ＜ 0.13%, Mg ＜ 0.4%, ZrC ＜ 0.06%.
  5. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials of disk 5. a kind of replacement QT500 as claimed in claim 4 throws a spear, it is characterised in that： It comprises the steps of：(1) in the range of aforementioned additive, element ratio, one group of substance combination is selected, determines weight ratio, according to The alloy total amount prepared is needed, extrapolates the weight of each required material；(2) aluminium ingot or molten aluminum are added in into smelting furnace Liquid is heated and is kept the temperature at 700 DEG C or more；(3) add in manganese Mn, cadmium Cd, copper Cu, cobalt Co, stirring, add in selected additive or Person adds in selected additive combination, stirs evenly；(4) and then to above-mentioned alloy melt furnace refining is carried out；(5) it is removed after refining Slag, standing, sampling analysis alloy composition are adjusted according to analysis result in chemical composition to defined deviation range；Temperature adjustment To 650 DEG C or more, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, online degasification, slagging-off；(6) it casts：It is poured into a mould using centrifugal casting.
  6. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy materials of disk 6. a kind of replacement QT500 according to claim 5 throws a spear, feature exist In：The centrifugal casting cast, step are as follows：(1) melt is transferred to casting ladle from holding furnace；(2) casting mold is preheating to preference temperature； (3) driving motor is opened, band movable belt pulley and wheel shaft rotate, and then drive the casting mold rotation being mounted on an axle；(4) adjustment casting mold turns For speed in 50~1500r/min, the casting ladle that verts makes melt flow into running gate system along pouring basin, and casting mold is flowed by running gate system, Casting mold cavity is full of under the effect of casting mold rotary centrifugal force；(5) it after melt solidification completely, stops rotating, molds pickup；(6) it opens Mould takes out product, natural cooling, cleaning sand core, sawing riser, polishing overlap；(7) appearance quality detection：Rough casting is carrying out It before presentation quality is examined, should clean out smooth, the dead head in non-processing face should be cleaned to cast(ing) surface and flush；(8) it is internal Quality testing；(9) solution treatment：The blank that casting is completed to roughing and inside and outside quality testing is sent into solid solution furnace, carries out 560 DEG C Following solution treatment after the completion of heat preservation quenches, uses water cooling or oil cooling at once；(10) ageing strengthening：It will complete solution treatment Casting feeding aging furnace progress ageing strengthening processing, the ageing strengthening below 230 DEG C, after heat preservation, natural cooling of coming out of the stove； (11) Sampling analysis test verification；(12) practical performance is verified.
CN201610489541.4A 2016-06-29 2016-06-29 A kind of replacement QT500 throws a spear the aluminum alloy materials and its centre spinning method of disk Expired - Fee Related CN105970040B (en)

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