CN105966561A

CN105966561A - Ship body structure

Info

Publication number: CN105966561A
Application number: CN201610339354.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 严建军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-03-12
Filing date: 2006-03-12
Publication date: 2016-09-28
Also published as: WO2007104251A1; JP2009529458A; CN101032997A; US20100218712A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship body structure and relates to a ship keel and a ship body structure. The keel is replaced with a double-layer or multi-layer reticulated shell structure in the building field, and the reticulated shell type ship body structure in a rigid watertight covering mode is formed. The ship body structure is characterized in that the ship body structure is manufactured through standard pieces, the industrialization degree is high, and the rigidity and strength of the structure are high. According to a cofferdam structure parallel to the ship body structure, a framework of the cofferdam structure is of a reticulated shell structure; and the cofferdam structure also has the characteristics of being high in industrialization degree, structural strength and rigidity.

Description

A kind of Ship Structure

The present patent application is divisional application, the original applying number CN200610070819.0 date of application: on 03 12nd, 2006

Present disclosure relates to a kind of spatial mesh structure, relates in particular to be applicable to rack knot waterborne Structure, grid truss structure, latticed shell structure.

Spatial mesh structure known to background technology, including grid structure, grid truss structure, latticed shell structure, such as, Filling station, stadium, large-scale workshop, warehouse etc., their roofing has rack, net shell or grid truss structure.These Rack, net shell, grid truss structure are to be assembled by the special rod member being manufactured in factory mass and node component, and by Multiple concrete being fixed on ground or steel structural upright column supporting, rack, net shell or grid truss structure are at some node of lower edge Locate be connected fixing with supporting upright post.On rack, net shell or grid truss structure, chord plane is covered with rainproof sheet material, forms large space house Structure.Spatial mesh structure rigidity is big, it is adaptable to large span space, and lightweight, the duration is short, cost is low, industrialization degree High.But current spatial mesh structure, utilizes space below, and it is only applied to land, it is impossible to be applied to waterborne.

Summary of the invention it is an object of the invention to provide one and is applied to waterborne, as the grid waterborne of floating carrying structure Structure.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides multiple waterborne lattice structure, be now described separately:

1. a waterborne lattice structure, it combines by network, floating structure, and the effect difficulty of the two divides master Secondary, network has two kinds with floating structure compound mode: network is placed in the floating knot of one or more Jun Heng layout On structure thing and connection fixed thereto；Or having multiple floating structure, the component in network is tied with floating structure respectively Merging is fixed together；If network is designed to be suspended state, then can be whole structures of composition network Part is combined with floating structure respectively and is fixed together；If floating or partially surfaced condition, then it is in potential water, partly dives Component in water is combined with floating structure respectively and is fixed together.The purpose of both combinations is to pass through floating The buoyancy of works, former compound mode makes on network keeps afloat, and latter compound mode makes at network In one of floating, half latent, suspension these three floating state.Described combination, it is simply that refer to that grid component and floating structure lean against one Rise.

2. the network with floating structure combination is grid structure or grid truss structure.

3. be grid structure or grid truss structure when selecting network, its be placed on a floating structure and with Fixing when connecting, floating structure is field with "nine squares" shape floating structure, and so-called field with "nine squares" shape refers to floating structure solid modelling structure Field with "nine squares" shape is become to evacuate the node of network, the lower-chord panel point of grid structure or grid truss structure and field with "nine squares" shape floating structure Corresponding.The node of field with "nine squares" shape i.e. refers to crisscross place, field with "nine squares".

The most above-mentioned field with "nine squares" shape floating structure, its skeleton is the grid structure or the grid truss structure of evacuation evacuated.

5. be grid structure or grid truss structure when selecting network, its be placed on multiple floating structure and with Fixing when connecting, multiple floating structures are distributed in grid structure or grid truss structure lower-chord panel point position.

The most above-mentioned multiple floating structure is the column floating structure that axis is perpendicular to level.

7. having multiple latch closure bottom column floating structure is to have rope Dou to be connected to network lower chord member respectively, It is perpendicular to the bottom of column floating structure in water with location, is allowed to not swing with water wave.

8. working as selection network is grid structure or grid truss structure, has multiple floating structure, in network Component be combined with floating structure respectively and fixed thereto connect time, grid structure or the web member of grid truss structure, lower edge Bar, lower-chord panel point these three component or wherein two or one of them be combined with floating structure and fix connection.

9. combine described in, be that parcel combines, floating structure be wrapped in grid structure or the web member of grid truss structure, under Chord member, lower-chord panel point these three component or wherein two or one of them, make component and the network that is assembled into thereof have Buoyancy, becomes floating structure.

10. when select grid structure or the web member of grid truss structure, these two kinds of components of lower boom or one of them with When floating structure combines, floating structure is open column shape floating component, and hollow position cross section is identical with bar cross section shape, empty Stem shape floating component assembles protheca on web member, these two kinds of rod members of lower boom or one of them rod member at grid component.

11. when select grid structure or the web member of grid truss structure, these two kinds of rod members of lower boom or one of them with When floating structure combines, floating structure can also is that to be combined by two semi-hollow column floating components and forms open tubular column Shape floating structure, when being combined, the cross section of hollow position is identical with bar cross section shape, when mounted, two stems in midair Then shape floating component first separately closes and encases web member, lower boom this two kinds of rod members or one of them rod member, two semi-hollows Column floating component connects by articulated manner or is connected by ribbon binding.

Waterborne lattice structure described in 12. claim 1, described network can also is that latticed shell structure.

Latticed shell structure described in 13. is lattice dome structure, and it is placed on plate or annular floating structure and therewith Fixing connection.

14. another waterborne lattice structure, the grid structure formed including rod member and node component or grid truss structure, Grid structure or the upper and lower chord plane of grid truss structure and surrounding side cover and fixed connecting plate shape steel structure, lower chord plane The tabular steel construction covered with surrounding side is to seal welding, and what tabular steel structure surrounded comprises grid structure or grid purlin The space of shelf structure is watertight, the most whole covering plate watertight, forms space grid structure floating thing or the sky of watertight of watertight Between grid truss structure floating thing.

Tabular steel structure described in 15. can be the rack that a chord plane covers the also relatively small specification of fixing connection steel plate Structure or grid truss structure, or a chord plane is the grid structure of relatively small specification or the grid truss structure of steel plate, What is called relatively small dimension, refers to constitute the grid structure of tabular steel structure or grid truss structure, the specification of its grid, than Grid structure that tabular steel structure is covered or the grid specification of grid truss structure, want little or much smaller relatively.

16. another waterborne lattice structure, are assembled into network by component, all or part of component of network Be, himself weight plus maximum load capacity sum, with described component volume and ratio be less than 9800N/m³Floating component, It is floating net lattice structure by this floating component or the network that has this floating component to be assembled into, water is in half latent or floating Or suspended state.

The floating net lattice structure that floating component described in 17. is assembled into is floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure.

18. above-mentioned floating net shelf structures or floating grid truss structure, its web member, lower-chord panel point, lower edge rod member, these three Component or wherein two or one of them be floating component.

19. is floating component when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure lower-chord panel point, and it has connection The device of rod member, lower-chord panel point is variant, be in the floating net shelf structure being assembled into or floating grid truss structure to The floating component protruded under water.The purpose of variant is the volume in order to increase lower-chord panel point, increases buoyancy.

20. work as web member in selection floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, rack or grid truss structure is Dou is to layout, when lower-chord panel point is floating component, it has the device of connecting rod, and lower-chord panel point is variant, and variant is also Can be that top is divided into vertical column, bottom to be divided into protruding under water in being assembled into grid structure or grid truss structure Floating component.

21. when being perpendicular in selection floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, rack or grid truss structure The web member of level, lower-chord panel point, is perpendicular to the web member of level when being floating component, and lower-chord panel point, vertical web member are to be linked to be one Overall, and to the floating component protruded under water in being assembled into floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure.

Waterborne lattice structure described in 22. claim 18-21 any one, its floating component, it has connecting joint Point or the device of rod member, its main part is watertight hollow shell structure, rod member buoyancy aid, and its main part is watertight open tubular column Body；Node buoyancy aid, its main part is watertight hollow ball structure；Variant buoyancy aid, its main part is variation hollow body structure, These three watertight hollow shell, its shell wall is steel plate or covers double-layer latticed shell structure for rigidity, or smears cement mortar for appearance The plastic foam sandwich structured structure of bar frame.

23. when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, these two kinds of rod members of its web member, lower edge rod member or One of them is floating rod member, and there is the device connecting node at two ends, and floating rod member main part can also is that space truss structure, Filling foamed plastics in its space.

24. when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, its lower chord plane be plate floating structure or Field with "nine squares" shape floating structure.

25. when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, the fixing even floating structure of its lower-chord panel point, with Increase buoyancy.

26. 1 kinds of waterborne lattice structures, including grid structure or grid truss structure, grid structure or grid truss structure Filling foamed plastics in space.

Waterborne lattice structure described in 27. above-mentioned 2-11,17-21,23-26 any one, when selecting rack or floating net Shelf structure, grid truss or floating grid truss structure, on it, chord plane is platy structure thing.

28. above-mentioned platy structure things are the relatively small tabular grid structure of grid specification or tabular grid truss knot Structure, i.e. compared with the tabular grid structure of small dimension or tabular grid truss structure as the grid structure waterborne of bigger specification or grid The upper chord plane of truss structure.

Waterborne lattice structure described in 29. above-mentioned 2-11,17-21,23-26 any one, when selecting rack or floating net Shelf structure, grid truss or floating grid truss structure, be evacuate rack or floating net shelf structure, the grid truss of evacuation or Floating grid truss structure.

30. another waterborne lattice structure, it is mainly frame structure, and described frame structure is himself weight plus Big load capacity sum is less than 9800N/m with the ratio of its volume³Floating frame structure.

31. above-mentioned floating frame structures, the column of framework and crossbeam are that space truss structure is constituted, space truss structure Appearance covers and welding steel structure, on column in latent or half potential water and crossbeam cover and welding steel is watertight； Or filling foamed plastics buoyancy aid in space truss structure.

32. 1 kinds of waterborne lattice structures, including multiple column floating structures, the end face of multiple column floating structures and Side is mutually permanently connected, and constitutes field with "nine squares" shape floating structure or frame structure floating thing.

The use of waterborne lattice structure described in 33. claim 2-11,14-15,17-21,23-26,30-32 any one On the way, on it, chord plane or upper plane are plate structure, and as loading end, or on it, chord plane or upper plane are non-for plate structure, then Covering and fixed connecting plate structure, as loading end, waterborne lattice structure can be used as water transportation, aquatic building, work waterborne Factory, floating platform waterborne, offshore drilling platform, seadrome, floating dock, man-made island, the floating engineering waterborne such as marine city Carrying structure.

The use of waterborne lattice structure described in 34. claim 2-11,14-15,17-21,23-26,30-32 any one On the way, on it, chord plane or upper plane are plate structure, and as loading end, or on it, chord plane or upper plane are non-for plate structure, then Covering and fixed connecting plate structure, as loading end, fixing connection column supporting structural on loading end, pre-as metope , the vertical of multiple columns composition covers and fixed connecting plate structure is as body of wall, cover also above column supporting structural Fix and connect grid structure or grid truss structure or latticed shell structure, grid structure, grid truss structure or latticed shell structure overlying Lid fixed connecting plate structure, constitute people waterborne and occupy living space.

The purposes of waterborne lattice structure described in 35. claim 2-11,17-21,23-26 any one, it is as floating The carrying structure of bridge, on it, chord plane covers and fixes connection bridge deck, the horizontal axis of waterborne lattice structure and the water of bridge deck Flat axis is consistent, and axial two sides of waterborne lattice structure have and lie in water-bed checking bollard or the location hawser system of caisson, constitute pontoon bridge.

The purposes of 36. above-mentioned 35 waterborne lattice structures, waterborne lattice structure is as the carrying structure of pontoon bridge, its planar shaped Shape is non-font or groined type.

Waterborne lattice structure described in 37. claim 1, when network is bilayer or multilamellar arch cylindrical reticulated shell structure Purposes, it is as the carrying structure of pontoon bridge, and the two ends of arch cylindrical reticulated shell structure are separately fixed on two floating structures, arch On shape cylindrical reticulated shell structure, chord plane covers and fixes connection bridge deck, constitutes the part in pontoon bridge or long span pontoon bridge, boats and ships Open the navigation or air flight below its arch.

Waterborne lattice structure described in 38. claim 16, network is use when bilayer or multilamellar column latticed shell structure On the way, column latticed shell structure is that axis horizontal state is kept afloat, and as the carrying structure of pontoon bridge, itself is exactly floating structure Thing, chord plane is arranged and fixes connection bridge deck thereon, and axial two sides of latticed shell structure waterborne are connected to water-bed checking bollard or caisson Location hawser system, axial two sides of latticed shell structure waterborne also fixing connection stop latticed shell structure with the wiggly balance of wave Wing, constitutes pontoon bridge；

The purposes of waterborne lattice structure described in 39. claims 14 or 15, it is as box-shaped or plate floating structure, Or the agent structure as loading liquid boats and ships.

40. 1 kinds of latticed shell structures waterborne, constitute monolayer, bilayer or the spherical net shell of multilamellar, box-shaped net including rod member, node Shell, column net shell, special-shaped hollow net shell, net shell peripheral member covers and fixed connecting plate structure, formation rigidity covering monolayer, Bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, it is watertight that rigidity covers the space surrounded, and this latticed shell structure is applied to waterborne, becomes water The spherical latticed shell structure floating thing of close rigidity covering, box-shaped latticed shell structure floating thing, column latticed shell structure floating thing, abnormal shape are hollow Latticed shell structure floating thing.

41. according to claim 40 latticed shell structure waterborne, and net shell is that watertight rigidity covers column bilayer or Multilayer Network shell knot Structure, its axis parallel is in the water surface, and its axial both sides fixing connection stops latticed shell structure with wave wiggly balance wing.

42. 1 kinds of latticed shell structures waterborne, constitute monolayer, bilayer or Multilayer Network shell, net shell peripheral member including rod member, node Upper covering fixed connecting plate structure, form rigidity and cover monolayer, bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, and described net shell is ship shape net Shell, it is watertight that rigidity covers, and this latticed shell structure is applied to waterborne, becomes watertight rigidity and covers ship shape latticed shell structure floating Thing.

43. 1 kinds of Ship Structures, including shipboard and bottom fr ame, described shipboard and bottom fr ame are double-deck or Multilayer Network shell Structure.

44. 1 kinds of Ship Structures, including shipboard and bottom fr ame, bulkhead framing, deck frame, described shipboard and hull bottom bone Frame is double-deck or Multilayer Network shell structure；Bulkhead framing and deck frame, be grid structure or grid truss structure；Or only bulkhead bone Frame, is grid structure or grid truss structure.

45. 1 kinds of latticed shell structures waterborne, in or Multilayer Network shell structure, latticed shell structure double-deck including spherical, column, ship shape, Space filling foamed plastics between outer member.

46. 1 kinds of cofferdam structures, cover steel plate, the axial line in cofferdam including framing structure, framing structure periphery watertightness Being perpendicular to the water surface, the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam is circular, ellipse, rectangle, the square or closed line of other form, in cofferdam or Having horizontal pressure force supporting construction, described framing structure is the column latticed shell structure that axis is perpendicular to level.

47. another cofferdam structure, cover steel plate, the axle center in cofferdam including framing structure, framing structure periphery watertightness Line is perpendicular to the water surface, and the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam is rectangle, square, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, described cofferdam four All framing structures are the grid structures that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane, or chord plane is perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane.

48. 1 kinds of cofferdam structures, cover steel plate, the axial line in cofferdam including framing structure, framing structure periphery watertightness Be perpendicular to the water surface, the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam be middle for rectangle, square, two ends are semi-circular, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force to prop up Support structure, horizontal pressure force supporting construction vertically and supports two straight flanges, and described cofferdam two straight flange facial bone shelf structure is that chord plane is perpendicular to The grid structure of horizontal plane, or chord plane is perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane, garden, two ends, cofferdam half cylinder skeleton is Semi-circular cylinder bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, the number of plies of net shell is corresponding with grid structure or the grid truss structure number of plies, works as net When the number of plies of frame or grid truss structure is bilayer, the number of plies of latticed shell structure is three layers, by that analogy.

49. 1 kinds of methods manufacturing and installing cofferdam structure described in claim 46-48, install cofferdam bone on platform Frame, installs in skeleton periphery and covers steel plate, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, in built waters, cuts out water-bed mud Soil, makes water-bed in a concave shape, and sinking of cofferdam is installed in place, and water-bed earth inserted deeply by bottom, cofferdam periphery steel plate, outside water-bed cofferdam Landfill underwater concrete or other blocking closure, extract the water in cofferdam out, and the space, cofferdam that covering steel plate is surrounded is watertight , platform is in built waters, and platform is floating platform, with positioning hawser system, platform is positioned at built waters, platform central Being one and evacuate structure, evacuation plane is similar and is slightly larger than horizontal cross-section, cofferdam；At central authorities' evacuation, build temporary platform, facing The upper prefabricated components of Shi Pingtai assemble cofferdam skeleton；Cofferdam skeleton is the column latticed shell structure that axis is perpendicular to level；For cutting Face is rectangle or square large-scale, ultra-large type cofferdam structure, and its surrounding skeleton is the grid structure that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane, or Person is the grid truss structure that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane；To horizontal cross-section be middle for rectangle, square, two ends are enclosing of half garden Weir structure, cofferdam two straight flange facial bone shelf structure is the grid structure that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane, or chord plane is perpendicular to level The grid truss structure in face, cylinder skeleton Shi Ban garden, garden, two ends, cofferdam half cylinder bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, latticed shell structure The number of plies is corresponding with grid structure or the grid truss structure number of plies；As needed horizontal pressure force supporting construction, then horizontal pressure force supporting construction It is the chord plane grid structure or the grid truss structure that are perpendicular to horizontal plane, installs in skeleton periphery and cover steel plate, assemble from cofferdam Bottom periphery starts, and from side the most upwards, with the increase of setting height(from bottom), bottom, cofferdam with many rope systems, rope another End ties up on platform, removes temporary platform, makes cofferdam fall at platform central evacuation, and use progressively sinking method to make cofferdam Installing while sinking to people to stand in the height being easily installed on floating platform, when cofferdam reaches design height, sinking cofferdam is pacified Fill in place.

50. 1 kinds of methods manufacturing and installing cofferdam structure described in claim 46-48, install cofferdam bone on platform Frame, installs in skeleton periphery and covers steel plate, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, in built waters, cuts out water-bed mud Soil, makes water-bed in a concave shape, and sinking of cofferdam is installed in place, and underwater soil inserted deeply by bottom, cofferdam periphery steel plate, outside water-bed cofferdam Landfill underwater concrete or other blocking closure, extract the water in cofferdam out, and the space, cofferdam that covering steel plate is surrounded is watertight 's.Platform is in built waters, and platform is made up of this two part of peripheral platform of central platform and encirclement central platform；Two is flat Platform is all floating platform, with location hawser system, platform is positioned at built waters, and central platform plane is similar and is slightly larger than cofferdam Horizontal cross-section, is combined with peripheral platform activity, and the two can relative movement up and down；Before installation, central platform slightly above periphery is flat Platform or with peripheral platform at same plane, central platform buoyancy aid can water filling regulation buoyancy, central platform is used prefabricated components group Dress cofferdam skeleton；Cofferdam skeleton is the column latticed shell structure that axis is perpendicular to level；For cross section be rectangle or square large-scale, Ultra-large type cofferdam structure, its surrounding skeleton is the grid structure that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane, or chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane Grid truss structure；To horizontal cross-section be middle for rectangle, square, two ends are the cofferdam structure in half garden, straight flange face, cofferdam two Framing structure is the grid structure that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane, or chord plane is perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane, encloses Cylinder skeleton Shi Ban garden, garden, two ends, weir half cylinder bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, the number of plies of latticed shell structure and grid structure or grid The truss structure number of plies is corresponding；As needed horizontal pressure force supporting construction, then horizontal pressure force supporting construction is that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane Grid structure or grid truss structure, assemble from the beginning of bottom cofferdam, then from side the most upwards, and install in bottom and side Prefabricated net shell covers steel plate, and the space, cofferdam that the covering steel plate after installation is surrounded is watertight, when cofferdam is assembled into permissible During the height kept afloat alone, it is allowed to central platform buoyancy aid water filling and separates bottom cofferdam and withdraw, continuing to assemble Cofferdam, along with the increase of cofferdam height, is allowed to sink to be easy to people to cofferdam water filling and stands in the height carrying out installing on peripheral platform Degree, when cofferdam reaches design height, fills water and makes sinking of cofferdam installation in place to cofferdam, and outside water-bed cofferdam, landfill is closed Thing, in extraction cofferdam after water, removes cofferdam polycrystalline substance in cofferdam.

51. 1 kinds in latticed shell structure waterborne described in claim 40-44,46-48, Ship Structure or cofferdam structure Covering plate, it covers and is fixedly connected on net shell peripheral member, or fixing in net shell peripheral member connects by rod member group The node intersecting parallels network corresponding with net shell node become, then cover in intersecting parallels network and fixing connect covering Plate, covers the length of plate and wide equal with the length of grid and width respectively, or its integral multiple, in tabular or curved, covers Plate and net shell peripheral member or intersecting parallels network seal and are welded to connect, or connect with bolt is fixing, and cover plate and Sealing ring is added between net shell peripheral member or intersecting parallels grid component.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: network and the combination of floating thing, enable network to be applied to waterborne, from And make network have a new bigger application.Owing to rack, net shell, grid truss structure are space structures, again Owing to these structural spans are big, lightweight, industrialization degree is high, in the case of same consumptive material, large area can cover the water surface, make The effect of floating structure is offset by wave force；Again due to rack, net shell, grid truss structure rigidity surplus, waterborne Network can effectively overcome the wave force moment of torsion effect to floating structure as floating structure；For grid structure or net Lattice truss structure is arranged on multiple floating structure, or its component is combined with floating structure respectively, or its component is originally Body is floating structure, owing to rack or grid truss are space structures, so, size stormy waves all passes from its space, greatly Reduce the impact of wave force；It is distributed in lower-chord panel point, or the floating of composition network again due to multiple floating structures Component is uniformly distributed, and is formed multiple or several " small-waterplane-areas " at the water surface, and can be evenly distributed on by nature under big coverage rate On Lang Feng and wave paddy, increase and the reduction of the buoyancy of floating structure diverse location can be cancelled out each other by nature by the fluctuation of water wave.Institute With, grid structure waterborne or grid truss structure are very stable floating structures.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has opened up rack, net shell, the new application of grid truss structure, and this purposes is not It is to utilize the space under its structure coverage rate, but these structures are kept afloat, form a kind of new-type floating structure, on it Plane covers plate object, utilizes its space structure, stable buoyancy, preferable rigidity, is easier to be assembled into ultra-large structure Etc. feature, carry object.

Due to network self, the network of the present invention combines with floating structure, and grid member structure is Floating structure, breaches such thinking habit: the design philosophy of modern floating structure derives from traditional boats and ships knot naturally Structure, Ship Structure is single overall watertightness hollow-core construction, and it contacts line with the water surface is single closed curve, the most always Such structure, the design of the structure of floating thing, design including the structure of Very Large Floating Structure be all continue to use single entirety, Single " Water Plane " this traditional structure.If Japan is the marine floating aerodrome that the U.S. builds, it is with six block length 60m, width 30m, high 3m box buoyancy aid assembled, its " water surface curve " is still single closed line, when the wavelength of wave is more than " water surface curve " Major axis or during short axle, floating structure will be with sea sloshing, and this is to be affected by boats and ships traditional structure, and floating structure is long-term Since the problem that never solves.

Ship Structure is single overall watertightness hollow-core construction, and an also fatal weakness, when overall watertight volume When structure is destroyed, boats and ships can sink because leaking.And waterborne lattice structure is space structure, when it is kept afloat, no There is seepy question, the elephant foam plastics being supported on many dispersed placement especially for rack or grid truss structure is made Light solid buoyancy aid on, or when grid structure, grid truss structure inherently floating structure, waterborne lattice structure is not surpassing Will not sink in the case of load.

Waterborne lattice structure is space structure waterborne, and it breaches the tradition of the single overall watertight hollow-core construction of boats and ships, by In the feature of network, make grid waterborne have above-mentioned many advantages as floating structure, and these advantages build water just The super larges such as upper building, workshop barge, floating platform waterborne, offshore drilling platform, pontoon bridge, seadrome, man-made island, marine city Required for type floating structure.

Evacuate rack or grid truss structure, make waterborne lattice structure expand it on the water in the case of identical consumptive material Coverage rate.

Waterborne lattice structure, latticed shell structure waterborne take full advantage of the feature that network rigidity is superfluous, rack, grid Truss structure is used as box-shaped, plate shaped floating structure plate shaped, ultra-large, the skeleton of loading liquid boats and ships；Net shell Structure, as Ship Structure and the skeleton of cofferdam structure, is allowed to have higher rigidity and intensity, especially for very large vessel Oceangoing ship and ultra-large type cofferdam structure, more can play the feature that latticed shell structure rigidity is superfluous, enable super large marine to overcome wave The power moment of torsion to hull；Ultra-large type cofferdam structure is enable to overcome the huge water pressure at the bottom.

Owing to network is the package assembly that industrialization degree is high, so, with waterborne lattice structure as floating structure Thing, with double-layer latticed shell structure as Ship Structure, can improve floating structure formula thing and the industrialization degree of boats and ships, improve shipbuilding Speed.Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the difficulty manufacturing super large marine, manufacture Very Large Floating Structure is made to become easier to.

The detailed description of the invention of every invention is described in further detail by accompanying drawing explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Waterborne lattice structure is mainly characterized by the combination of network and floating structure, for being familiar with grid and floating For the people of body technique, it is well understood that major part is to describe explanation in event embodiment, only partly combines accompanying drawing and say Bright.In accompanying drawing, the attachment means of grid rod member and node component, network are fixed with floating structure and are connected, for ripe Structure very familiar for knowing the people of grid and buoyancy aid technology is omitted, and is simply described explanation.

Fig. 1 is that grid structure is placed in elevation in combination and vertical view on the floating structure that multiple equilibrium is arranged Figure；

Fig. 2 is that lattice dome structure is placed in schematic diagram in combination on grid structure floating structure；

Fig. 3 is that the rod member of composition network is combined with floating works and fixes the schematic diagram connected；

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of coiled material shape foam plastics parcel Lattice Structure Members；

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of foam plastics parcel net shelf structure lower-chord panel point component；

Fig. 6 is that the composition rod member of network, node component are combined with floating works and fix the schematic diagram connected respectively；

Fig. 7 is field with "nine squares" shape floating structure axonometric chart and framing structure partial schematic diagram thereof；

Tu8Wei garden post foam plastics buoyancy aid is fixed the connector being connected show with grid structure or grid lattice truss structure node It is intended to；

Fig. 9 is the watertight steel plate structure open column shape floating component sectional view being enclosed within Lattice Structure Members；

Figure 10 is the foam plastics open column shape floating component sectional view being enclosed within Lattice Structure Members；

Figure 11 is two the semi-hollow column floating component schematic perspective views closing and encasing Lattice Structure Members；

Figure 12 is that lattice dome structure is placed in schematic diagram in combination on annular floating structure；

Figure 13 is rack or grid truss structure outer surface covers and seals welding steel and constitutes tabular floating structure Schematic perspective view；

Figure 14 is floating net shelf structure schematic diagram；

Figure 15 is floating cylindrical reticulated shell structure schematic diagram；

Figure 16 is floating garden column structure schematic section；

The schematic diagram that Figure 17 is floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure lower-chord panel point is floating component；

Figure 18 is floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, and web member is Dou to layout, and lower-chord panel point is floating The schematic diagram of component；

Figure 19 is floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, and vertical web member, lower-chord panel point are showing of floating component It is intended to；

Figure 20 is floating rack or floating grid truss structure rod member main part is space truss structure, built-in foam plastic Material buoyancy aid schematic diagram and sectional view；

Figure 21 is floating net shelf structure or the fixing even floating structure schematic diagram of floating grid truss structure lower-chord panel point；

Figure 22 is filling foamed plastics schematic diagram in grid structure or grid truss structure space；

Figure 23 is floating frame structure axonometric chart and skeleton is truss structure partial schematic diagram；

Figure 24 is the end face of multiple column floating structure and side is mutually permanently connected, and constitutes field with "nine squares" shape floating structure Floor map；

Figure 25 is floating net shelf structure as carrying structure, and it on, nerve of a covering shelf structure composition people waterborne occupies living space and shows It is intended to；

Figure 26 is the pontoon bridge sectional view being used as carrying structure with floating net shelf structure；

Figure 27 is the pontoon bridge top view being used as carrying structure with floating net shelf structure；

Figure 28 is the top view being used as pontoon bridge carrying structure with non-font floating net shelf structure；

Figure 29 is the top view being used as pontoon bridge carrying structure with field with "nine squares" shape floating net shelf structure；

Figure 30 is that double arch cylindrical reticulated shell structure is placed on floating structure and in combination, as pontoon bridge carrying knot The schematic diagram of structure；

Figure 31 is that two-layer columnar net shell floating structure carries sectional view and the top view of structure as pontoon bridge；

Figure 32 is ship shape latticed shell structure or hull framing is latticed shell structure schematic perspective view；

Figure 33 is space filling foamed plastics schematic diagram between outer member in spherical reticulated shells structure；

Figure 34 is space filling foamed plastics schematic diagram between outer member in column latticed shell structure；

Figure 35 is space filling foamed plastics schematic diagram between outer member in ship shape shell structure；

Figure 36 be cross section be circular, skeleton be the cofferdam structure schematic perspective view of latticed shell structure；

Figure 37 be cross section be ellipse garden, skeleton be the cofferdam structure schematic perspective view of latticed shell structure；

Figure 38 be cross section be long rectangle, surrounding skeleton be the cofferdam structure plane graph of grid structure；

Figure 39 be cross section be centre be long rectangle, two ends be semi-circular, two long limit skeletons are that grid structure, two ends skeleton are The cofferdam structure schematic diagram of latticed shell structure；

Detailed description of the invention 1. waterborne lattice structure, it combines by network, floating structure, network Including grid structure, grid truss structure, latticed shell structure；Grid structure includes various grid structure, as square pyramid space grid, Three-way latticed grid, hollow tri-pyramid grid, thickening rack, monolayer and double layer grid etc.；Grid truss structure, is not common solid Truss structure, but special grid truss structure the most regular in space truss structure, including various grid truss structures, as Thickening grid purlin structure, double layer grid truss structure, evacuation grid truss structure etc.；Latticed shell structure, such as three-dimensional cylinder Double-level Reticulated Shell, garden post or flat column Double-level Reticulated Shell, rigidity cover arch lattice dome etc.；Floating structure can be various ways, as floating Foam plastics buoyancy aid (the note: the most all that have foam plastics buoyancy aid, outside it of case, floating drum, ball float, appearance parcel glass steel material Glass steel material is all wrapped up on surface) etc., their effect mainly provides buoyancy, as long as being provided that enough buoyancy；Grid Thering is provided structure, floating structure provides buoyancy；Any type of grid structure, grid truss structure or latticed shell structure can be with Floating structure combines, and constitutes waterborne lattice structure；The effect difficulty of network and floating structure divides primary and secondary；Network with The combination of floating structure has a two ways:

First kind of way is: network is placed on the floating structure that one or more equilibrium is arranged and with thereon Junction steel plate is welded to connect or uses the fixing connection of bolt, and this compound mode and common net lattice structure are supported on upright supports thing On mode identical, only, waterborne lattice structure is supported on floating structure, connected mode and common net lattice structure and Supporting construction fix connected mode identical (note: the most all have be arranged on floating structure and be secured to connect be all So；All that have fixing connection, be and be welded to connect or the fixing connection of bolt).In network, grid structure and grid purlin Shelf structure is in addition to bar cross section difference, node structure difference, and they are all tabular space structures, and they combine with floating structure Principle identical, embodiment is essentially identical, institute in full embodiment explanation grid structure is placed on grid truss structure Illustrate together, and as a example by grid structure, illustrate that accompanying drawing, also as a example by grid structure, can be easier completely with grid structure Association's grid truss structure embodiment, such as: grid structure changes into grid truss structure, circular node component changes into steel The node that plate is welded into, connected mode makes the fixing connection of bolt into or is welded to connect；Latticed shell structure, grid structure and floating structure The principle of thing combination is identical, and embodiment is the most essentially identical, owing to net shell is different from rack space structure, therefore is separately illustrated:

Grid structure is placed in grid truss structure on the floating structure of one or more Jun Heng layout, and at lower edge Fixing with the junction steel plate on floating structure at node and be connected, when floating structure is one, floating structure can be adopted With tabular or field with "nine squares" shape floating structure；When floating structure is multiple, floating structure can use ball float, float Case, open column shape floating drum, foam plastics buoyancy aid, floating structure can be evenly distributed under grid structure or grid truss structure At chord node；Shown in Fig. 1, grid structure 1 is placed on multiple column or open column shape floating structure 2 and connection fixed thereto (Fig. 1 is also that claim 6-7 item implements accompanying drawing, hereafter it may also be noticed that)；

Latticed shell structure, wherein arch transparent rigid covers double-layer latticed shell structure, such as sphere lattice dome, with floating structure Combine the most meaningful, and column Double-level Reticulated Shell is taken second place.Shown in Fig. 2: transparent rigid covers Double-layer Sphere lattice dome 1 and is placed in one It is in combination on large flat shape floating structure 2 that large flat shape floating structure 2 is floating net shelf structure together, It is positioned at that all mid-side nodes of lattice dome 1 minimum point are fixing with floating structure is connected that (Fig. 2 is also that the enforcement of claim 13 is attached Figure).Space between lattice dome structure and tabular floating structure occupies life and operation for people waterborne；When selecting floating knot Structure thing is multiple, and such as multiple buoyancy tanks or ball float or keg float, floating structure is distributed in connection fixed thereto at net shell week mid-side node； Figure 30 be Two-layer Cylinder Lattice Shell 1 be placed on two floating works 2 and connection fixed thereto (Figure 30 is double-deck cylinder net waterborne Shell structure is as the schematic diagram of pontoon bridge carrying structure).

The second way that network combines with floating structure is: have multiple floating structure, and network is In the case of big design load, the component in potential water, in half potential water, such as grid structure, grid truss structure, latticed shell structure In the case of maximum load, rod member, node component in potential water, in half potential water are combined with floating structure and fix connection Together.Maximum load refers to that deadweight, plus maximum load capacity, does not has load capacity for Arch Reticulated Shell structure etc., is then Refer to that deadweight adds windward, rain, snow additional load weight.Described rod member and node component are combined with floating structure, can be such as Fig. 3 institute Showing, floating structure 3 links together with Lattice Structure Members 1 binding；Can float with coiled material shape foam plastics as shown in Figure 4 Body 3 is wrapped in rod member 1；As it is shown in figure 5, foam plastics buoyancy aid 3 is wrapped in node 2；As shown in Figure 6, coiled material shape foam plastics 3 wraps Wrapping up in rod member 1, node 2 is fixing again connects column buoyancy aid 4；The fixing column buoyancy aid 4 that connects of node 2, similar to the first combination.If Network is designed to be suspended state, then can be that whole components of composition grid are combined with floating structure and fix connection Together；If floating or partially surfaced condition, being then partial component, i.e. under maximum load, potential water neutralizes in half potential water Component be combined with floating structure and be fixed together；It is in the component of more than the water surface, except needs consider safety system Number, outside small part component is combined with floating structure, other component there is no need to be combined with floating structure.For grid structure Or grid truss structure, it may be possible to design web member, lower boom, lower-chord panel point are latent, in half potential water, Arch Reticulated Shell structure, may It is that design is positioned in the latticed shell structure potential water of lower portion component；Be designed to dive, component in half potential water, can be whole, Can also be that partial component is combined with floating structure respectively；For grid structure or grid truss, can be web member, lower edge Bar, lower-chord panel point these three component, it is possible to be two wherein or one of them component is combined with floating structure respectively；Specifically adopt Taking any combination, this depends on the size of required buoyancy, it is possible to depend on the size of floating structure.

Sphere lattice dome is designed the component in the potential water of lower part periphery can be by Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 institute Mode of showing is combined with floating structure and fixes connection.The space that this latticed shell structure waterborne is constituted with the water surface, for outdoor bathing place, seashore, Apparatus for water play field, operation on the sea etc., play and pick up sun, rain effect of keeping out the wind；Garden post or flat column Double-level Reticulated Shell and floating structure group The example closed is: axis is parallel to garden post or the flat column Double-level Reticulated Shell of the water surface, and its component being designed in potential water equally may be used Be combined with floating structure respectively in mode as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 and fix connection.Post or flat column Double-level Reticulated Shell Level is kept afloat, and can be used as passage waterborne carrying structure.

Above two mode can be used in combination with, if i.e. implemented according to the first compound mode above-mentioned, still meets Do not float the requirement of network, then can use the second compound mode simultaneously.

Network and the two of floating structure kinds of compound modes also have more detailed in the embodiment of claim 3-15 Thin explanation.The purpose of both combinations is to make network float on the surface by the buoyancy of floating structure, or be in One of floating, half latent, suspension these three floating state.

2., when selection grid is grid structure or grid truss structure, grid structure includes various grid structure, as just Put square pyramid space grid, two put square pyramid space grid, three-way latticed grid, hollow tri-pyramid grid, thickening rack, double layer grid to orthogonal Dou Deng；Grid truss structure, including various grid truss structures, such as (these such as thickening grid truss structure, double layer grid truss structures Section illustrates and repeats above, owing to there being 51 claim, for a pair corresponding explanation, after explanation outlined above, at this again Repeat specification once, is the most also such).

3. be grid structure or grid truss structure when selecting network, its be placed on a floating structure and with Fixing when connecting, floating structure is field with "nine squares" shape floating structure, and so-called field with "nine squares" shape refers to floating structure solid modelling structure Field with "nine squares" shape is become to evacuate network.Shown in Fig. 7, become the field with "nine squares" shape housing die cavity of watertight with Plate Welding.The grid chi of field with "nine squares" shape Very little in the same size with the size of mesh opening of grid structure or grid truss structure, or its integral multiple, 2-4 times can be taken；Rack The lower-chord panel point of structure or grid truss structure is corresponding with the node of field with "nine squares" shape floating structure, fixing connection at node；Well Field shape node refers to the crisscross place of shape entity, field with "nine squares"；For Mini-type Grid truss structure, there is no specialized node component, this time Point i.e. refers to the joint of truss member, the lower-chord panel point of grid truss structure, i.e. refers to the joint of lower edge rod member.

The most above-mentioned field with "nine squares" shape floating structure, its skeleton uses the grid structure or the grid truss structure of evacuation evacuated, The rack in addition at grid structure evacuation or at grid truss structure evacuation or grid purlin structure, steel plate is covered with Plate Welding The structure covered constitutes field with "nine squares" shape；Plate Welding is to seal, and the space comprising rack or grid truss structure that it covers is Watertight；When field with "nine squares" shape solid cross-section width and height than a/b ＜ 3 time, its skeleton preferably uses and evacuates grid truss structure, as Shown in Fig. 7 broken section；Evacuation grid structure is used when a/b ＞ 3 is appropriate to the occasion.

5. as it is shown in figure 1, be grid structure or grid truss structure when selecting grid, the equilibrium point of multiple floating structures 2 When cloth is at grid structure or grid truss structure 1 lower-chord panel point, can one floating structure of an inserting knot, it is also possible to It is spaced one floating structure of one or more inserting knot.With one floating structure of an inserting knot as best mode.

6. this floating structure can be steel plate structure hollow float, buoyancy tank, column floating drum, it is also possible to is foam plastics system Spherical, cube, the garden post that become or flat column buoyancy aid, be optimal with garden column foam plastics buoyancy aid.When the garden of employing column foam During plastic float, owing to fiberglass and the grid component of parcel are fixed and be connected insecure on foam plastics buoyancy aid, a Fig. 8 must be Shown connector, many reinforcing bars 2 are welded to connect with steel plate 1, and reinforcing bar 2 welds with steel ring 3, are wrapping up fiberglass to foam plastics Time, connector is enclosed within column foam plastics buoyancy aid, many reinforcing bars, steel rings are wrapped in fiberglass.If foam Plastic float is spherical or box-shaped, then on connector, reinforcing bar 2 and steel ring 3 shape match with spherical or box-shaped buoyancy aid.

7. as it is shown in figure 1, be connected owing to column floating structure is fixing with network at its top, can be with water bottom it Wave swings, therefore has the latch closure 4 of tether rope or reinforcing bar in bottom, and 3-4 root rope or reinforcing bar 3 Dou lie in latch closure and grid to radial On structure lower-chord panel point, to position bottom column floating structure.

8. working as selection network is grid structure or grid truss structure, has multiple floating structure, such as multiple foams Plastics floating block, coiled material shape polystyrene foam plastics, steel construction garden column floating drum, garden column floating drum is welded with multiple tether rope Latch closure, the component in network is combined with floating structure and fixed thereto when linking together, grid structure or grid purlin The web member of shelf structure, lower boom, lower-chord panel point these three component or wherein two or one of them tie with floating structure Merging is fixed together.In conjunction with being arbitrary, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 or Fig. 6, floating structure can be with Component bundles, it is also possible to be wrapped in component, or fixing with component is connected, as long as can be by component and floating structure company It is tied, makes component and the network that is assembled into thereof have buoyancy, become floating structure.When as shown in Figure 6, buoyancy aid is garden post During shape floating drum, floating drum top is fixing with node to be connected, and the multiple latch closure of floating drum bottom welding 5, is latch closure with rope 6, as Fig. 1 mono- Sample is fixed bottom floating drum.When network floats in water, constitute the steel beam column meeting corrosion of network, so outside must be to steel beam column Table carries out spraying protective layer, such as painted plastic etc..

9. shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, floating structure is combined with grid component, and parcel can be taked to combine, and floating structure 3 wraps Wrap up in grid structure or the web member of grid truss structure, lower boom, lower-chord panel point these three component or wherein two or its One of.The floating structure being wrapped in grid structure or grid truss structural members can use foam plastics buoyancy aid.Fig. 4 institute Showing, coiled material shape foam plastics 3 wraps up rod member 1, with many rope binding coiled material shape foam plasticss 3；Shown in Fig. 5, foam plastics 3 half Parcel net shelf structure lower-chord panel point 2, foam plastics buoyancy aid 3 has many fixing ropes fasten in lower edge rod member 1, makes buoyancy aid solid Determine note and lower-chord panel point 2 and lower edge rod member 1, during fiberglass parcel foam plastics 3, rope is wrapped up and is fixed in fiberglass.

10., shown in Fig. 9, Figure 10, the floating structure being wrapped in grid structure or grid truss structure rod member 1 can also be adopted With hollow garden post or flat column floating component 2, hollow garden column can use watertightness steel plate structure shown in Fig. 92, it is also possible to adopts With the floating component of foam plastics open column shape shown in Figure 10 2, hollow position cross section is identical with bar cross section, if grid structure, Then hollow position cross section is circular；If grid truss structure, truss member is angle steel, then hollow position cross section is angle cross section. At figure hollow core, cross section is as a example by circular.Open column shape floating component grid component assemble protheca web member, lower boom this two Plant on rod member 1 or one of them rod member.Open column shape 2 two ends have for fixing bolt 3.

11. when select grid structure or the web member of grid truss structure, these two kinds of components of lower boom or one of them with When floating structure combines, as shown in figure 11, floating structure can also is that by two semi-hollow column floating components 2-in-1 one Playing composition open column shape floating structure, when being combined, the cross section of hollow position is identical with rod member 1 cross sectional shape, if net Shelf structure, then hollow position cross section is circular；If grid truss structure, truss member is square tube, then hollow position cross section is just Square.At figure hollow core, cross section is as a example by circular.During installation, two semi-hollow column floating components 2 first separate, and then close and wrap Living web member, lower boom this two kinds of rod members 1 or one of them rod member, two semi-hollow column floating components 2 are at its faying face Both sides, use hinge 3 to connect, hinge quantity, and 3-4, the axle of hinge can use bolt 4, before installation, transfer to wherein on one side Bolt 4, separately two semi-hollow column floating components 2, close after encasing rod member 1, then plug bolt 4, spiral shell of screwing on Female.Semi-hollow column floating component 2 can be watertightness steel plate structure；Make if floating component 2 is foam plastics, two and half Open column shape floating component can also be bundled by steel wire or rope and connect.

Waterborne lattice structure described in 12. claim 1, its network is latticed shell structure, such as three-dimensional cylindrical reticulated shell, bilayer Cylindrical reticulated shell, garden post or flat column Double-level Reticulated Shell, transparent rigid cover arch lattice dome etc..

Shown in 13. Fig. 2, described latticed shell structure is that transparent rigid covers dome double-layer latticed shell structure 1, and it is placed in plate floating On formula works 2 and connection fixed thereto, flat board floating structure is grid structure or grid truss structure and floating structure The combination of thing；Described combination is the described combination of claim 5-11 item；Flat board floating structure can also be floating net shelf structure, The component of grid structure is floating component.It is at periphery owing to plate floating structure bears the weight of dome Double-level Reticulated Shell Place, thus at flat board periphery below increase multiple floating block 3, to bear dome weight at balanced peripheral；Dome and plate floating Space between works occupies life and operation for people；Shown in Figure 12, transparent rigid covers dome double-layer latticed shell structure 1 and is placed in On annular floating structure 2 and connection fixed thereto, ring-type floating structure is ring network shelf structure with buoyancy aid by 5-11 item Described mode combines；Ring-type floating structure can also is that hoop truss structure or annular cylindrical reticulated shell structure, outside structure in it Space filling foamed plastics buoyancy aid between part.The space that dome double-layer latticed shell structure is constituted with the water surface, for outdoor bathing place, seashore, water Waterborne amusement field, operation on the sea etc., play and pick up sun, rain effect of keeping out the wind；

Shown in 14. Figure 13, another waterborne lattice structure, the grid structure formed including rod member and node component or grid The upper and lower chord plane of truss structure 1, grid structure or grid truss structure 1 and surrounding side cover and fixed connecting plate shape steel knot Structure thing 2, tabular steel construction can be steel plate, it is also possible to be as the topside of boats and ships, welds the steel plate of rib in length and breadth, lower chord plane The steel plate covered with surrounding side is to seal welding, and the space that what steel plate surrounded comprise grid structure or grid truss structure is Watertight, the most whole covering steel plate watertight, form the space grid structure floating thing of watertight or the space lattice truss knot of watertight Structure floating thing.

15. tabular steel structures can also is that a chord plane covers grid structure or the grid truss knot of also fixing connection steel plate Structure, or a chord plane is grid structure or the grid truss structure of steel plate.Constitute grid structure or the net of tabular steel structure Lattice truss structure, the specification of its grid, the grid structure covered than tabular steel structure or the net of grid truss structure Lattice specification, relatively little, the ratio of the two is 1/N, N ＞ 2, takes N=7,8,9 ratio conveniently.

16. another waterborne lattice structure, are formed network by component, and network includes grid structure, grid purlin Shelf structure, latticed shell structure: grid structure includes various grid structure, as square pyramid space grid, tessellate square pyramid space grid, three To rack, hollow tri-pyramid grid, thickening rack, monolayer and double layer grid etc.；Grid truss structure, is not common three-dimensional purlin Shelf structure, but special grid truss structure the most regular in space truss structure, including monolayer or bilayer, uniform thickness or thickening Grid truss, evacuation grid truss structure；Latticed shell structure, such as three-dimensional cylinder Double-level Reticulated Shell, spherical reticulated shells, garden post or flat column face Double-level Reticulated Shell, thickening net shell.Network under design maximum load condition, all or part of component be lightweight, volume is big Component, its displacement is relatively big, big to what degree, big to make himself weight plus maximum load capacity sum, with component The ratio of volume sum is less than 9800N/m³, the most described component is floating component.If partial component is floating component, then it is potential Component in water, in half potential water is floating component.Floated exactly by floating component or the network that has floating component to be assembled into Formula network, all grid structures, grid truss structure or latticed shell structure, as long as the component in their structure is to have enough The floating component of buoyancy, then these networks are exactly floating net lattice structure.Maximum load refers to that network deadweight adds Maximum load capacity, does not has load capacity for Arch Reticulated Shell structure etc., then refer to Arch Reticulated Shell dead load add windward, Rain, snow additional load weight.Shown in Figure 14, for floating net shelf structure；Figure 15 show floating cylindrical reticulated shell structure；Figure 16 is floating Formula garden column latticed shell structure.Certainly, no matter being grid structure, grid truss structure or latticed shell structure, its floating component is all Referring to network, the component being designed in potential, half potential water is that floating component (is in the component of more than the water surface, except few portion Dividing and consider that safety coefficient needs to be outside floating component, other major part is not necessarily floating component).Such as grid structure or grid Truss structure, it may be possible to be designed web member, lower boom, lower-chord panel point are potential or component in half potential water；Arch Reticulated Shell is tied Structure, it may be possible to it is the component in potential water that design is positioned at latticed shell structure lower portion component；It is designed the structure in potential, half diving Part, can be whole, it is also possible to be to be partly floating component；For grid structure or grid truss, can be web member, lower edge Bar, lower-chord panel point these three component, it is possible to be two wherein or one of them component is floating component；Specifically take any, This depends on the size of required buoyancy.The method making component become floating component is: floating bar component, except two end connection devices Outward, its agent structure can use major diameter watertight hollow cylinder；Space truss structure can also be used, its built-in foam plastics Buoyancy aid；Node component, in addition to the device of connecting rod above, its agent structure can use major diameter watertight hollow ball, or Watertight hollow cubic body structure or the hollow variant of watertight, to increase displacement.Wherein major diameter watertight hollow ball, watertight Hollow variant, suitably as the agent structure of floating node component of floating net shelf structure, attachment means thereon is exactly net Frame nodal connection device；Major diameter watertight hollow ball, watertight hollow cubic body architecture does floating grid truss structure The agent structure of floating node, attachment means thereon is exactly grid panel point attachment means.Watertight hollow cylinder, watertight are empty The hollow variant of bulbus cordis body, watertight, the wall of its hollow shell is steel plate or is rigidity cover glass steel or the Double-level Reticulated of steel plate Shell structure, or the plastic foam sandwich structured structure of bar frame of cement mortar is smeared for appearance.By this floating component or there is this to float The network of formula component composition is floating net lattice structure, is in half latent or floating or suspended state in water.Floating rack is tied Structure or the floating rod member of floating grid truss structure, can use circular or square hollow cylinder, but two end connection devices, right In floating net shelf structure, then floating rod member two ends are rod member for grid attachment means；For floating grid truss structure, then floating bar Part two ends are that grid truss connected mode, rod member and node component structure are the biggest, but attachment means structure thereon and company Connecing mode identical with common net shelf structure or grid truss structure, simply physical dimension strengthens accordingly.

Described in 17., the structure of floating component composition is grid structure or grid truss structure.Grid structure includes various net Shelf structure, as star square pyramid space grid, Dou are put square pyramid space grid, honeycombed triangular pyramid space grid, two put rack, thickening to orthogonal Dou Rack, monolayer and double layer grid etc.；Grid truss structure, is not common space truss structure, but in space truss structure The most regular special grid truss structure, including monolayer or bilayer, uniform thickness or thickening grid truss structure, evacuates grid truss Structure；Rod member in its potential water, in half potential water and node component are lightweight, volume and the bigger component of displacement, its Own wt plus institute's load capacity sum and component volume and ratio be less than 9800N/m³Floating component.Floating component forms Grid structure or grid truss structure be floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, as shown in figure 14.

18. floating net shelf structures or floating grid truss structure, its lower-chord panel point, lower edge rod member, web member, these three component Or wherein two or one of them be floating component.

Shown in 19. Figure 17, it is floating component when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure lower-chord panel point, its On have the device 3 of connecting rod lower edge rod member 1 and web member 4, attachment means 3, be that grid node connects dress for grid structure Put；It is exactly grid panel point attachment means for grid truss structure, in this attachment means and common net lattice structure Attachment means identical, therefore be not necessary to describe in detail, in figure omit, be the most also such.Lower-chord panel point can be variant 2, is To the floating component protruded under water in be assembled into floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, its shape can be garden Platform, garden post or cone.Protruding how many under water, volume is much, carries to grid structure or grid truss structure with its displacement It is as the criterion for enough buoyancy, is allowed in water, be in half latent or floating or suspended state.

Shown in 20. Figure 18, when selecting in floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, rack or grid truss structure Web member is Dou to layout, and when lower-chord panel point is floating component, lower-chord panel point is variant 2, is that it has connection lower edge at waist Bar 1, the device 3 of web member 4, be perpendicular to the top of the water surface and be divided into garden column, bottom to be divided into being assembled into grid structure or grid purlin To the floating component 2 protruded under water in shelf structure, can be Cylinder or garden stage body to the part protruded under water.

Shown in 21. Figure 19, when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, grid structure or grid truss knot Structure has the web member of the level of being perpendicular to, lower-chord panel point, is perpendicular to the web member of level when being floating component, lower-chord panel point, vertical abdomen Bar be linked to be one overall, it has the device 3 of connecting rod 1 and web member 4, and connects the device 5 of upper chord node, its diameter It is both greater than former web member diameter and length, to the most convex in being assembled into floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure with length The floating component 2 gone out.Can be Cylinder or garden stage body to the part protruded under water.

Waterborne lattice structure in 22. claim 18-21 any one, described floating component, it has connection node or The device of rod member, for grid structure, attachment means is grid node attachment means；It is exactly grid purlin for grid truss structure Frame nodal connection device.Its main part is watertight hollow shell structure, rod member buoyancy aid, and its main part is watertight hollow garden post Body or square body；Node buoyancy aid, its main part is watertight hollow ball structure；Variant buoyancy aid, its main part is that watertight is empty Heart variant structure；Watertight hollow cylinder, watertight hollow ball, the hollow variant of watertight, the wall of its hollow shell be steel plate or Person covers the double-layer latticed shell structure of steel plate for rigidity, or smears the plastic foam sandwich structured knot of bar frame of cement mortar for appearance Structure, the shell wall that these three structure is constituted is watertight, and wall is steel plate, is welded with rib in length and breadth inside it, and these three structure, even Connect the steel construction having had booster action at node apparatus, to bear the pressure from rod member and pulling force.

Shown in 23. Figure 20, when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, its lower boom, web member these two kinds Component or one of them be floating component, two ends have connect node device 3, floating member body portion can also is that cross section For triangle, square, rectangle space truss structure 1 (in figure as a example by square space truss), it is preferred with square, rectangle, Lower boom suitably with rectangle, web member suitably with square, its space built-in foam plastics buoyancy aid 2；Foam plastics buoyancy aid is monoblock, Its cross sectional shape is identical with the cross sectional shape of space truss structure, empty in being filled into truss in space truss structure installation process Between.

24., when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, do not have lower edge rod member, and whole lower chord plane is flat board Type floating structure or field with "nine squares" shape floating structure, plate or field with "nine squares" shape floating structure, watertightness can be used empty Heart steel plate structure, its skeleton is grid structure or evacuates grid truss structure；Steel construction buoyancy tank module spliced can also be used to be connected into Plate or field with "nine squares" shape floating structure.

Shown in 25. Figure 21, when selecting floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, its lower-chord panel point fixing connection floats Formula works 2, floating structure 2 steel plate structure hollow float, buoyancy tank, column floating drum, it is also possible to be that foam plastics is made Spherical, cube, garden post or flat column buoyancy aid, be preferred with Cylinder, floating structure is in below node.Fixing connection floats The purpose of formula works is to increase buoyancy.

Shown in 26. Figure 22, a kind of waterborne lattice structure, including grid structure or grid truss structure, grid structure or net Filling foamed plastics 2 in lattice truss structure space.Chord plane cover plate structure in network or grid truss structure 1, or wind up Face is plate structure, and plate structure is steel plate structure or the plastic foam sandwich structured structure of bar frame smearing cement mortar for appearance；Foam Filling plastic method has two kinds: one to be that foam plastics is cut into cross section is that (for grid truss structure, cross section is square to triangle Shape or rectangle) long column shape, fill in grid structure space；Two is to take slab foam plastics, its thickness less than grid structure or Two shank diameters of grid truss structure height, get out the Dou hole installing web member on slab foam plastics, or directly use web member Install through foam plastics, in grid structure or grid truss structure installation process, by slab foam plastic clip at it Middle installation.After filling foamed plastics, chord plane under grid structure or grid truss structure and surrounding are wrapped up glass-reinforced plastic material, or Before filling foam plastics fiberglass is wrapped up.

Waterborne lattice structure described in 27. above-mentioned 2-11,17-21,23-26 any one, when selecting rack or floating net Shelf structure, grid truss or floating grid truss structure, on it, chord plane is platy structure thing, can use armoured concrete slab Face, it would however also be possible to employ be welded with the steel plate of rib in length and breadth as the deck or topside of boats and ships.

Platy structure thing described in 28. can also is that tabular star square pyramid space grid, Dou put square pyramid space grid, honeycombed triangle Cone grid structure or tabular grid truss structure, its grid specification is its rack covered or floating net shelf structure, net 1/N, the N ＞ 2 of the grid specification of lattice truss or floating grid truss structure, takes N=7,8,9 ratio conveniently.Tabular rack Structure or tabular grid truss structure, on it, chord plane is steel plate structure.

29. above-mentioned 2-11,1721, waterborne lattice structure described in 23-26 any one, when selecting rack or floating rack Structure, grid truss or floating grid truss structure, be the rack evacuated or floating net shelf structure, the grid truss of evacuation or floating Formula grid truss structure.Evacuate structure, can be that rule evacuates, it is possible to evacuate for irregular.The purpose evacuated is in order to equally Consumptive material reach to cover bigger water area.

30. another waterborne lattice structure, it is mainly frame structure, can use Plate Welding becomes or reinforced concrete The framework overall structure that the watertightness open tubular column that soil is cast into is constituted, when using Plate Welding, can weld in length and breadth inside steel plate Rib.This frame structure is that himself weight adds that institute's carrier body weight sum ratio with its volume is less than 9800N/m³'s Floating frame structure, as shown in figure 23.

31. as shown in Figure 23 broken section, above-mentioned floating frame structure, it is also possible to do so: the column of framework and crossbeam It is that cross section is square or the space truss structure 1 of rectangle is constituted；Space truss structure appearance covers and welding steel structure 2, Column in potential water and the also welding steel that covers on crossbeam are watertights；Or filled and process is moulded in space truss structure Material buoyancy aid, as shown in figure 20 rod member main part, foam plastics buoyancy aid is filled into truss in space truss structure installation process Interior space.

32. another waterborne lattice structure, including multiple column floating structures, its cross sectional shape is square or rectangle, Column floating structure is become watertightness hollow-core construction by Plate Welding, can weld rib in length and breadth inside steel plate；Or mixed by reinforcing bar Solidifying soil casting forms watertightness hollow-core construction；Or filling foamed plastics buoyancy aid in the space truss structure that cross section is rectangle, Space truss structure appearance painted plastic or parcel glass steel material.The both ends of the surface of each column floating structure and two sides Or three side have multiple fixing connectors, fixing connector is steel plate, when being welded to connect, is welded to connect at steel plate；Spiral shell During the fixing connection of bolt, steel plate has hole and the screw of correspondence.End face and the side of column floating structure are mutually permanently connected, structure Field with "nine squares" shape grid floating structure or frame structure floating thing is become to keep afloat.Pattern of wants field with "nine squares" shape grid floating structure Time, the position of the fixing connector on two sides is in two ends, side or at flanking central, column floating structure is connected with each other Having two kinds of modes: one, when the position that connector is fixed in side is in two ends, side, column floating structure connects into field with "nine squares" shape Grid specification roughly equal with the length of column buoyancy aid；Two, fix the position of connector when side and be in flanking central Time, it is the 1/ of column length of floating body that column floating structure 1 mode as shown in Figure 24 connects into the grid specification of field with "nine squares" shape 2.The coupling stiffness of the second way is more than the first；During pattern of wants frame structure floating thing, the fixing connection on three sides The position of part is in flanking central, is assembled into field with "nine squares" shape floating structure with column floating structure by the second way, or builds Overall field with "nine squares" shape floating structure, the fixing column floating column that connects at each node of shape floating structure of field with "nine squares", more solid on column Fixed connect and assemble field with "nine squares" shape structure as crossbeam by the second way, constituting floating frame structure: or with vertical above column Body truss structure builds crossbeam overall structure, and fixing with column is connected, composition floating frame structure.

The use of waterborne lattice structure described in 33. claim 2-11,14-15,17-21,23-26,30-32 any one On the way, on it, chord plane or upper plane are plate structure, and as loading end, or on it, chord plane or upper plane are non-for plate structure, then Covering and fixing connection steel plate structure or reinforced concrete slab structure, as loading end, waterborne lattice structure can be used as waterborne Transport, aquatic building, workshop barge, floating platform waterborne, offshore drilling platform, seadrome, floating dock, man-made island, sea The floating carrying structure of the floating waterborne engineering such as upper city.Wherein 14-15,26 suitable carryings as water transportation are tied Structure；8-11,14-15,26 suitably make floating platform waterborne；17-21,23-25 are suitably as the carrying knot of seadrome Structure；In 17th, multilamellar such as 4-5 layer floating net shelf structure suitably does floating dock；2-7,17-21,23-25,31-33 item is fitted It is fit to do the carrying structure of man-made island, marine city.

Shown in 34. Figure 25, net waterborne described in claim 2-11,14-15,17-21,23-26,30-32 any one The purposes of lattice structure, in figure as a example by floating net shelf structure 2, on it, chord plane or upper plane are plate structure, as loading end, or Person on it chord plane or upper plane non-for plate structure, then cover and fixing connection steel plate structure or reinforced concrete slab structure, make For loading end, loading end is fixed connection side's steel pipe, garden steel pipe or three-dimensional body truss and makees column supporting structural 1, with purlin in figure As a example by shelf structure, in advance as metope, the vertical of multiple columns composition covers and fastening glass panels or color steel conduct Body of wall, covers above column supporting structural 1 and fixing connection square pyramid space grid, tessellate square pyramid space grid, three-way latticed grid Structure or grid truss structure or cylindrical reticulated shell structure 3, in figure as a example by grid structure formula, grid structure or grid truss structure Or cover on cylindrical reticulated shell structure and connect fiberglass shoe plate or color steel tile plate or transparent plastic sheet, as room with bolt is fixing Face, constitutes people waterborne and occupies living space, occupy in living space this people, can carry out floor building with lightweight steel construction.

The purposes of waterborne lattice structure described in 35. above-mentioned 2-11,17-21,23-26, it is as the carrying structure of pontoon bridge.As Shown in Figure 26, Figure 27, in figure as a example by grid structure, on floating net shelf structure 2, chord plane covers and fixes connection bridge deck 1, floating The plane axis of formula grid structure 2 is consistent with the plane axis of bridge deck 1, supports also on floating net shelf structure at chord plane node Fixing connecting bridge deck 1, axial two sides of floating net shelf structure 2 have and lie in water-bed checking bollard or caisson 4 (in figure as a example by caisson) , there are multiple location hawser, water-bed checking bollard or caisson in location hawser system 3, and its quantity overcomes waters, place strong wind to bear pontoon bridge Wave power is as the criterion, and Figure 27 is pontoon bridge top view.During as pontoon bridge carrying structure, floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure can Taking thickening structure, thicken at bridge deck covering, increase buoyancy, with the load of balance bridge, this pontoon bridge is applicable to straits.

The purposes of 36. above-mentioned 35 waterborne lattice structures, waterborne lattice structure is as the carrying structure of pontoon bridge, its flat shape As shown in Figure 28, Figure 29, mainly expand the covering of waterborne lattice structure for non-font or groined type, non-font and groined type Face, is reduced to minimum the impact of wave force.

Shown in 37. Figure 30, waterborne lattice structure described in claim 1, network is double-deck or multilamellar arch cylinder net Purposes during shell structure, it is preferred, in figure with three layers with double-deck as the carrying structure of pontoon bridge, the arch cylindrical reticulated shell structure number of plies As a example by bilayer, the two ends of arch cylindrical reticulated shell structure 1 are separately fixed on two floating structures 2, and floating structure formula thing can To be box-shaped, the cross section column floating structure as rectangle, the length of column floating structure is more than bridge deck width, takes 3 times of bridges Face width degree, to play balanced action, on arch cylindrical reticulated shell structure, chord plane covers and fixes connection bridge deck 3, at arch cylinder net Supporting at chord node on shell and the fixing bridge deck 3 that connects, the part in composition pontoon bridge or long span pontoon bridge, boats and ships can encircle from it Open the navigation or air flight below shape；When as the part in long span pontoon bridge, long span pontoon bridge is that 35 described waterborne lattice structures are as holding When carrying structure, arch cylindrical reticulated shell structure is supported directly on floating net shelf structure or floating grid truss structure, at this moment supports Place's rack or grid purlin structure are thickening rack or thickening grid truss structure, and arch cylindrical reticulated shell structure is supported on thickening rack Or on thickening grid truss structure at chord node, at the support of two ends, one end is fixing connection, and one end is to be flexibly connected, movable even Connect is to have certain displacement in the horizontal direction to both.

Shown in 38. Figure 31, waterborne lattice structure described in claim 16, network is double-deck or multilamellar column net shell knot Purposes during structure, column latticed shell structure is that axis horizontal state is kept afloat, the cross section of column net shell be circular, square, rectangle, Trapezoidal, with rectangle, trapezoidal be optimal, in figure as a example by rectangle, the long limit of rectangle is perpendicular to the water surface, and the number of plies of column net shell is permissible Be double-deck, three layers, four layers, with double-deck or three layers be preferred, with double-deck example in figure, double-deck shape latticed shell structure 1 inherently floating knot Structure thing, as the carrying structure of pontoon bridge, chord plane is arranged and fixes bridge deck 2 thereon, supports and solid on net shell at chord node Surely connect bridge deck 2, axial two sides of latticed shell structure waterborne have be connected to water-bed checking bollard or caisson 3 location hawser system 4 (in figure with As a example by caisson), there are multiple location hawser, water-bed checking bollard or caisson, axial two sides of latticed shell structure waterborne also fixing connection stops net Shell structure can use aircraft carrier to balance fin structure with wave wiggly balance wing 5, balance wing, fix with plurality of steel plates Connecting the left and right sides bottom column latticed shell structure, steel plate is parallel to the water surface, and it is welded with rib in length and breadth；Balance wing can also be by figure In shown in 5, use truss structure, fixing below balance wing 5 connect multiple floating blocks 6, report to the leadship after accomplishing a task tension with rope 7 between balance wing； Balance wing 5 has three kinds of method for arranging, and one is arranged on above column latticed shell structure side, and two are arranged in the middle of its side, and three Being thereunder, three kinds of methods respectively have superiority, and are optimal in a second approach.This kind of pontoon bridge is more suitable for river, interior ground.

The purposes of waterborne lattice structure described in 39. claims 14 or 15, it is as box-shaped or plate floating structure, Or as loading liquid boats and ships, such as the agent structure of oil carrier, during as oil carrier agent structure, grid structure or grid truss structure Flat shape identical with the flat shape of oil carrier, cover plate be described in claim 15 covering plate.

40. 1 kinds of latticed shell structures waterborne, constitute monolayer, bilayer or the spherical net shell of multilamellar, box-shaped net including rod member, node Shell, column net shell, special-shaped hollow net shell, the cross section of column net shell is circular, square, rectangle, trapezoidal, column latticed shell structure two ends Watertight, net shell peripheral member covers also welding steel or bolt fixing connection steel plate or bolt and fixes connection glass epoxy, shape Become rigidity to cover monolayer, bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, be wherein optimal with double-layer latticed shell structure, suitable in double-layer latticed shell structure Using double-deck thickening net shell, increase net thickness of the shell at stress maximum, welding steel is seamless, and bolt is fixing in this way connects glass Glass steel, steel plate, then add fluid sealant or sealing ring in plate and component junction, and making rigidity cover the space surrounded is watertight, This latticed shell structure is applied to waterborne, becomes spherical latticed shell structure floating thing, box-shaped latticed shell structure floating that watertight rigidity covers Thing, column latticed shell structure floating thing, special-shaped hollow latticed shell structure floating thing.

41. cover double-deck or Multilayer Network shell structure floating thing when the column rigidity that selection net shell is watertight, column net shell Cross section is circular, square, rectangle, trapezoidal, and the long limit of rectangle is perpendicular to the water surface, its axis parallel in the water surface, its axial both sides Fixing connect stop latticed shell structure waterborne with wave wiggly balance wing, balance wing with 38 in balance wing identical.

42. 1 kinds of latticed shell structures waterborne, constitute monolayer, bilayer or Multilayer Network shell, net shell peripheral member including rod member, node Upper covering welding steel, form rigidity and cover monolayer, bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, and net shell is ship shape latticed shell structure, such as figure Shown in 32, being optimal with the double-deck thickening latticed shell structure of ship shape, place increases net thickness of the shell alow, covers steel plate 1 and seals welding, covers The ship shape net shell 2 that lid steel plate 1 is surrounded is watertight, and this latticed shell structure is applied to waterborne, becomes watertight rigidity and covers ship shape Latticed shell structure floating thing.

43. 1 kinds of Ship Structures, are double-deck or multilamellar ship shape net shell including shipboard and bottom fr ame, shipboard and bottom fr ame Structure, is optimal to common ship with double-deck thickening latticed shell structure, and place increases net thickness of the shell alow；For large-scale or ultra-large type Boats and ships preferably use three-layer network shell structure, or side framing is Double-level Reticulated Shell, and bottom fr ame is three-layer network shell structure, bulkhead bone The skeleton that the needs such as frame, deck frame are connected with net shell, all fixing connection, ship internal layer base plate or side plate and net at net shell node Shell inner member is fixing to be connected.

44. 1 kinds of Ship Structures, including shipboard and bottom fr ame, bulkhead framing, deck frame, described shipboard and hull bottom bone Frame is double-deck or Multilayer Network shell structure；Bulkhead framing structure 3, as shown in figure 32, puts quadrangular pyramid net for square pyramid space grid, Dou Frame, three-way latticed grid or grid truss structure, or the framing structure on bulkhead and deck is grid structure or grid truss structure.Do The grid structure of deck frame or grid truss structure, its grid specification is relatively small.Do bulkhead framing, deck frame Rack or grid purlin structure, do the latticed shell structure of shipboard and bottom fr ame, the fixing connection between this three is all at its node Place.Internal layer base plate is welded to connect with net shell inner member；Or the fixing connection of bolt, and tie with net shell inner member at internal layer base plate Fluid sealant or sealing ring is added at conjunction

45. 1 kinds of latticed shell structures waterborne, including spherical, column, ship shape bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, described latticed shell structure Space filling foamed plastics between interior outer member.Space filling foamed plastics in Spherical Double-level Reticulated shell structure shown in Figure 33 1 2；Space filling foamed plastics 2 in two-layer columnar latticed shell structure shown in Figure 34 1；In ship shape latticed shell structure shown in Figure 35 1, space is filled out Fill foam plastics 2.The method of filling foamed plastics, can take the foam plastics in the 26th claim embodiment to fill Method, for column double-layer latticed shell structure, can take first method fill method, and it is triangle that foam plastics is cut into cross section The long column shape of shape, fills in latticed shell structure space；For spherical and ship shape latticed shell structure, the second fill method can be taked, Taking slab foam plastics, be cut into the curved surface plastic foamboard conforming to sphere or ship shape local surface, its thickness is less than net thickness of the shell Two shank diameters, get out the Dou hole installing web member on curved surface foam plastics, or directly pass curved surface foam plastics with web member Install, in latticed shell structure installation process, curved surface foam plastics is clipped in latticed shell structure is wherein installed.Filling foamed plastics After, carry out spherical or column net shell appearance wrapping up glass-reinforced plastic material；Steel plate is covered to installing outside ship shape latticed shell structure.

Shown in 46. Figure 36, Figure 37, a kind of cofferdam structure, including framing structure 1, the covering of framing structure periphery watertightness Steel plate 2, the axial line in cofferdam is perpendicular to the water surface, and the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam is circular, ellipse, rectangle, square or other form Closed line, in cofferdam or to have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, cofferdam surrounding framing structure 1 to be that axis is perpendicular to the column of level double Layer latticed shell structure, the cross sectional shape of column Double-level Reticulated Shell is identical with cross section, cofferdam, so-called column, refers under normal circumstances, cofferdam Diameter of section or major axis are less than the cofferdam degree of depth, and cofferdam shape is as column, and double-layer latticed shell structure is as well as column, for diameter more than deep Large-scale or the ultra-large type cofferdam of degree, although shape is not as column, but remains latticed shell structure, and principle is the same, so this feelings Condition falls in present claims protection domain equally.Owing to cofferdam outer upper divides the pressure of water little, the pressure of lower part water is big, So net shell framing structure upper and lower part thickness and rod member and node diameter, it should being that upper part is little, lower part is big.

47. another cofferdam structure, including framing structure, the covering steel plate of framing structure periphery watertightness, the axle in cofferdam Heart line is perpendicular to the water surface, and the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam is rectangle, square, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, shown in Figure 38, Cofferdam is the horizontal sectional view of rectangle, and cofferdam surrounding framing structure 1 is that chord plane is perpendicular to the square pyramid space grid of horizontal plane, Dou Put square pyramid space grid, three-way latticed grid, or chord plane and be perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane, horizontal pressure force supporting construction 3, The square pyramid space grid of horizontal plane, three-way latticed grid or hollow tri-pyramid grid structure, or grid truss can also be perpendicular to by chord plane Structure.Horizontal pressure force supporting construction is also perpendicularly to the grid structure as skeleton or the grid truss structure supported, and at net Connection fixed thereto at frame or grid truss structure node.

Shown in 48. Figure 39, a kind of cofferdam structure, including framing structure, the covering steel plate 2 of framing structure periphery watertightness, The axial line in cofferdam is perpendicular to the water surface, the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam be middle for rectangle, square, two ends are semi-circular, in cofferdam or Having horizontal pressure force supporting construction, horizontal pressure force supporting construction vertically and supports two straight flanges；Described cofferdam two straight flange facial bone shelf structure 1 It is that chord plane is perpendicular to the square pyramid space grid of horizontal plane, Dou puts square pyramid space grid, three-way latticed grid, or chord plane is perpendicular to water The grid truss structure of plane；Cylinder skeleton Shi Ban garden, garden, two ends, cofferdam half cylinder bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, the layer of net shell Number with and grid structure or the grid truss structure number of plies corresponding, when grid structure or grid truss structure be bilayer time, net shell Number is three layers；Horizontal pressure force supporting construction 3, it is also possible to be perpendicular to the square pyramid space grid of horizontal plane, three-way latticed grid by chord plane Or hollow tri-pyramid grid structure, or grid truss structure；Horizontal pressure force supporting construction 3 be also perpendicularly to be supported as skeleton Grid structure or grid truss structure, and connection fixed thereto at rack or grid truss structure node.

49. 1 kinds of methods manufacturing and installing cofferdam structure described in claim 46-48, install cofferdam bone on platform Frame, installs in skeleton periphery and covers steel plate, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, in built waters, cuts out water-bed mud Soil, makes water-bed in a concave shape, and sinking of cofferdam is installed in place, and water-bed earth inserted deeply by bottom, cofferdam periphery steel plate, outside water-bed cofferdam Landfill underwater concrete or other blocking closure, extract the water in cofferdam out, and the space, cofferdam that covering steel plate is surrounded is watertight 's.Platform is in built waters, and platform is steel construction buoyancy tank or the floating platform of foam plastics composition, and with location, hawser system will put down Platform is positioned at built waters, and floating platform central authorities are one and evacuate structure, and evacuation plane is similar and is slightly larger than horizontal cross-section, cofferdam； At central authorities' evacuation, build temporary platform, temporary platform assembles cofferdam skeleton, cofferdam with prefabricated rod member and node component Skeleton is the column double-layer latticed shell structure that axis is perpendicular to level；It is rectangle or square large-scale, ultra-large type cofferdam for cross section Structure, its surrounding skeleton can use chord plane be perpendicular to the square pyramid space grid of horizontal plane, three-way latticed grid or evacuate pyrometric cone Grid structure, or chord plane is perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane；To horizontal cross-section be middle for rectangle, square, two The cofferdam structure in Duan Weiban garden, cofferdam two straight flange facial bone shelf structure is that chord plane is perpendicular to the square pyramid space grid of horizontal plane, Dou Put square pyramid space grid, three-way latticed grid, or chord plane and be perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane, garden, two ends, cofferdam half cylinder bone Jia Shiban garden cylinder double-layer latticed shell structure；As needed horizontal pressure force supporting construction, then horizontal pressure force supporting construction is also that chord plane is vertical In square pyramid space grid, three-way latticed grid or the hollow tri-pyramid grid structure of horizontal plane, or grid truss structure；At bone Frame periphery is installed and is covered steel plate, assembles from the beginning of bottom, cofferdam, from side the most upwards, with the increase of setting height(from bottom), with many Rope system bottom, cofferdam, and the rope other end ties up on platform, removes temporary platform, makes cofferdam fall at platform central evacuation, And use progressively sinking method to make cofferdam install while sinking to people to stand in the height being easily installed on floating platform, work as cofferdam When reaching design height, sinking cofferdam is installed in place.

50. 1 kinds of methods manufacturing and installing cofferdam structure described in claim 46-48, install cofferdam bone on platform Frame, installs in skeleton periphery and covers steel plate, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, in built waters, cuts out water-bed mud Soil, makes water-bed in a concave shape, and sinking of cofferdam is installed in place, and underwater soil inserted deeply by bottom, cofferdam periphery steel plate, outside water-bed cofferdam Landfill underwater concrete or other blocking closure, extract the water in cofferdam out, and the space, cofferdam that covering steel plate is surrounded is watertight 's.Platform is in built waters, and platform is made up of this two part of peripheral platform of central platform and encirclement central platform, central authorities Platform is the floating platform using steel construction buoyancy tank to constitute, and peripheral platform is that the floating of steel construction buoyancy tank or foam plastics composition is put down Platform；With location hawser system, platform being positioned at built waters, central platform plane is similar and is slightly larger than horizontal cross-section, cofferdam, with outward Enclosing platform activity to combine, the two can relative movement up and down；Before installation, the slightly above peripheral platform of central platform or with peripheral platform At same plane, central platform buoyancy aid can water filling regulation buoyancy；Central platform assembles cofferdam with prefabricated rod member, node component Skeleton, cofferdam skeleton is the column double-layer latticed shell structure that axis is perpendicular to level；It is rectangle or square large-scale, super for cross section Large-scale cofferdam structure, its surrounding skeleton uses chord plane be perpendicular to the square pyramid space grid of horizontal plane, three-way latticed grid or evacuate pyrometric cone Grid structure, or chord plane is perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane；To horizontal cross-section be middle for rectangle, square, two End is the cofferdam structure of semi-circular, cofferdam two straight flange facial bone shelf structure be chord plane be perpendicular to horizontal plane square pyramid space grid, Dou is put square pyramid space grid, three-way latticed grid, or chord plane and is perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane, garden, two ends, cofferdam half cylinder Skeleton Shi Ban garden cylinder double-layer latticed shell structure；As needed horizontal pressure force supporting construction, then horizontal pressure force supporting construction is also that chord plane is hung down Straight in square pyramid space grid, three-way latticed grid or the hollow tri-pyramid grid structure of horizontal plane, or grid truss structure；Group Fill from the beginning of bottom cofferdam, then from side the most upwards, and prefabricated net shell covering steel plate is installed, after installation in bottom and side The space, cofferdam that surrounded of steel plate that covers be watertight, when cofferdam is assembled into the height that can keep afloat alone, Xiang Zhong Centre platform buoyancy aid water filling is allowed to and separates bottom cofferdam and withdraw, and continues to assemble cofferdam, along with the increase of cofferdam height, to In cofferdam, water filling is allowed to sink to be easy to people and stands in the height carrying out installing on peripheral platform, when cofferdam reaches design height, Filling water to cofferdam makes sinking of cofferdam installation in place, and at water-bed periphery, cofferdam landfill closure, in extraction cofferdam after water, dismounting is enclosed Weir polycrystalline substance.

Covering in 51. 1 kinds of net shells waterborne in claim 40-44, the 46-48 or Ship Structure or cofferdam structure Cover plate, covering plate is steel plate, and it covers and be fixedly connected on net shell peripheral member, or fixing connection in net shell peripheral member The intersecting parallels network that the node that is made up of square tubes soldering is corresponding with net shell node, then cover also in intersecting parallels network Fixing connection covers plate.It is prefabricated for covering plate, and it is long and wide equal with the length of grid and width respectively, or its integral multiple, Desirable 2-3 times, in tabular or curved, when being steel plate, cover plate and seal with net shell peripheral member or intersecting parallels network It is welded to connect, or connects with bolt is fixing, and add rubber covering between plate and net shell peripheral member or intersecting parallels network Glue sealing ring and fluid sealant.When connecting with bolt is fixing, cover plate and can also use high strength glass steel plate.

Claims

1. a latticed shell structure waterborne, constitutes monolayer, bilayer or the spherical net shell of multilamellar, box-shaped net shell, post including rod member, node Shape net shell, special-shaped hollow net shell, net shell peripheral member covers and fixed connecting plate structure, forms rigidity and covers monolayer, bilayer Or Multilayer Network shell structure, it is characterised in that: it is watertight that rigidity covers the space surrounded, and this latticed shell structure is applied to water On, become the spherical latticed shell structure floating thing of watertight rigidity covering, box-shaped latticed shell structure floating thing, column latticed shell structure floating Thing, special-shaped hollow latticed shell structure floating thing.

2. a latticed shell structure waterborne, constitutes monolayer, bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, net shell peripheral member including rod member, node Upper covering fixed connecting plate structure, form rigidity and cover monolayer, bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, it is characterised in that: described net Shell structure is ship shape latticed shell structure, and it is watertight that rigidity covers, and this latticed shell structure is applied to waterborne, becomes watertight rigidity and covers Ship shape latticed shell structure floating thing.

3. a Ship Structure, including shipboard and bottom fr ame, it is characterised in that: described shipboard and bottom fr ame are double-deck or many Layer latticed shell structure.

4. a Ship Structure, including shipboard and bottom fr ame, bulkhead framing, deck frame, it is characterised in that: described shipboard and Bottom fr ame is double-deck or Multilayer Network shell structure；Bulkhead framing and deck frame, be grid structure or grid truss structure；Or only Bulkhead framing, is grid structure or grid truss structure.

5. a cofferdam structure, covers steel plate including framing structure, framing structure periphery watertightness, and the axial line in cofferdam is perpendicular to The water surface, the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam is circular, ellipse, rectangle, the square or closed line of other form, in cofferdam or have level pressure Power supporting construction, it is characterised in that: described framing structure is the column latticed shell structure that axis is perpendicular to level.

6. a cofferdam structure, covers steel plate including framing structure, framing structure periphery watertightness, and the axial line in cofferdam is perpendicular to The water surface, the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam is rectangle, square, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, it is characterised in that: described cofferdam Surrounding framing structure is the grid structure that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane, or chord plane is perpendicular to the grid truss knot of horizontal plane Structure.

7. a cofferdam structure, covers steel plate including framing structure, framing structure periphery watertightness, and the axial line in cofferdam is perpendicular to The water surface, the horizontal cross-section in cofferdam be middle for rectangle, square, two ends are semi-circular, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, Horizontal pressure force supporting construction vertically and supports two straight flange faces, it is characterised in that: described cofferdam two straight flange facial bone shelf structure is chord plane It is perpendicular to the grid structure of horizontal plane, or chord plane is perpendicular to the grid truss structure of horizontal plane, garden, two ends half cylinder skeleton It is semi-circular cylinder bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, the number of plies of latticed shell structure and grid structure or the grid truss structure number of plies pair Should.

8. manufacture and install a method for cofferdam structure described in claim 46,47 or 48, platform is installed cofferdam skeleton, Install in skeleton periphery and cover steel plate, in cofferdam or have horizontal pressure force supporting construction, in built waters, cut out water-bed earth, Making water-bed in a concave shape, sinking of cofferdam is installed in place, and underwater soil inserted deeply by bottom, cofferdam periphery steel plate, fills outside water-bed cofferdam Underwater concrete or other blocking closure, extract the water in cofferdam out, and the space, cofferdam that covering steel plate is surrounded is watertight, its Being characterised by: platform is in built waters, platform is by central platform and this two parts group of peripheral platform of encirclement central platform Becoming, two platforms are all floating platforms, and with location, platform is positioned at built waters by hawser system, and central platform plane is similar and bigger In horizontal cross-section, cofferdam, is combined with peripheral platform activity, the two can relative movement up and down, before installation, central platform is slightly above Peripheral platform or with peripheral platform at same plane, central platform buoyancy aid can water filling regulation buoyancy, with prefabricated in central platform Component assembles cofferdam skeleton, and the skeleton in cofferdam is the column latticed shell structure that axis is perpendicular to level；It is rectangle or side for cross section Large-scale, the ultra-large type cofferdam structure of shape, its surrounding skeleton is the grid structure that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane, or chord plane is vertical Grid truss structure in horizontal plane；To horizontal cross-section be middle for rectangle, square, two ends are the cofferdam structure in half garden, cofferdam Two straight flange facial bone shelf structures are the grid structures that chord plane is perpendicular to horizontal plane, or chord plane is perpendicular to the grid truss of horizontal plane Structure, cylinder skeleton Shi Ban garden, garden, two ends, cofferdam half cylinder bilayer or Multilayer Network shell structure, the number of plies of latticed shell structure and and rack Structure or the grid truss structure number of plies are corresponding；As needed horizontal pressure force supporting construction, then horizontal pressure force supporting construction is that chord plane is vertical In grid structure or the grid truss structure of horizontal plane, assemble from the beginning of bottom cofferdam, then from side the most upwards, and in bottom Installing prefabricated net shell with side and cover steel plate, the space, cofferdam that the covering steel plate after installation is surrounded is watertight, works as cofferdam When being assembled into the height that can keep afloat alone, it is allowed to central platform buoyancy aid water filling and separates bottom cofferdam and remove Walking, continue to assemble cofferdam, along with the increase of cofferdam height, being allowed to sink to be easy to people to cofferdam water filling, to stand in peripheral platform enterprising The height that row is installed, when cofferdam reaches design height, fills water and makes sinking of cofferdam installation in place, outside water-bed cofferdam to cofferdam Side landfill closure, in extraction cofferdam after water, removes cofferdam polycrystalline substance in cofferdam.