CN101245603B - Floating arch cofferdam and construction method - Google Patents
Floating arch cofferdam and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101245603B CN101245603B CN2008100005902A CN200810000590A CN101245603B CN 101245603 B CN101245603 B CN 101245603B CN 2008100005902 A CN2008100005902 A CN 2008100005902A CN 200810000590 A CN200810000590 A CN 200810000590A CN 101245603 B CN101245603 B CN 101245603B
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Abstract
The invention provides a float arch cofferdam which can float and submerge in water as well as is convenient for being dragged and can be used for a plurality of times. The invention also provides the construction method of the float arch cofferdam. The float arch cofferdam is mainly used for maintaining and rebuilding various large dams and water conservancy projects, which can be utilized to surround the upstream face of the large dam, keeps off the water in a reservoir and discharge the downstream water of a cofferdam; dry operating environment is created on the upstream face of the large dam; the cofferdam is made by adopting steel plates and reinforced concrete material, the shape of the circle arch cofferdam lead the outer wall to bear upstream water pressure, but the outer wall does not need to be too thick, and due to the design of more than two cabins on the transverse surface, the posture of the cofferdam in the water can be more flexibly adjusted by controlling the water injection and water draining in all the cabins when in floating. The construction of the cofferdam can be carried out on the water, but a foundation bed is sealed with the main body of the cofferdam to stop water so as to collect the sewage generated in the construction; after the construction, the sewage is discharged after being purified and treated, thus reducing pollution to water quality. In addition, when in construction, the reservoir does not need emptying and only needs to lower the water level properly, thereby avoiding the loss caused by emptying the reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water conservancy cofferdam, providing a kind of can floating in water especially can sink, and makes things convenient for the shift position, can nonexpondable floating arch cofferdam and job practices thereof.
Background technology
Being given in a kind of diameter as shown in Figure 1 that uses in the reparation of Canadian Mactaquac power station in " the 17 international dam meeting paper collection of translations " is the floating cofferdam 1 and the job practices thereof of 2.75 meters semicircle steel cylinder formula, it is made by steel sheet, inside is strengthened with steel plate, grouting bag 2 is installed on the 1 liang of terminal in cofferdam, filling concrete in past grouting bag after cofferdam and the dam alignment, carry out sealing, utilize cofferdam bottom water pump 4 that the water of 3 on cofferdam and dam is extracted out then, thus formation dry construction district.The cofferdam is at the bank welding fabrication.
The another kind of floating reinforced concrete earth fill cofferdam 5 as shown in Figure 2 that uses in the engineering of increasing on the U.S. big Joseph dam adopts the spill contour structures, and inside is divided into 20 cabins, is connected to each other with pipeline.The floating cofferdam is to construct in dry-docking, flat crouching during concreting in the dry-docking bottom surface, and dry-docking is positioned on the beach of reservoir side, the construction plant in the transverse dike protection floating cofferdam between dry-docking and reservoir.Construction finishes, and broken dike discharges water and flows full dry-docking, so that the cofferdam structure that transportation by driving builds up.The cofferdam that to float with tugboat is pulled in the reservoir earlier, behind the arrival appointed place, each ballasting in cofferdam is selectively pressed heavy work, and the cofferdam is holded up.Drag it near the dam by tugboat then, utilize tugboat, winch, suspension rod to make it the location, be close on the dam.Utilize the rubber sealing in the J-shaped side support 6, with water pump the water between cofferdam and dam is extracted out then, thereby form the dry construction district.
Though that first kind of steel cylinder formula cofferdam has is easy for installation, underwater operation is few, advantage such as utilization repeatedly, but because it is welded for all steel material, when span was big, it is not enough that this type of cofferdam just demonstrates its rigidity, many drawbacks such as the big and expense height of easy deformation and engineering difficulty.
Another kind of spill concrete cofferdam, 20 cabins of one row are arranged in the reinforced concrete earth fill cofferdam, because what it adopted is the contour structures of spill, so the front in cofferdam needs to carry powerful hydraulic pressure, thereby the thickness of its steel concrete and quality have high requirements, and 20 cabins that when haul because be used for controlled the cofferdam attitude in the water are single distributions, when causing hauling turn on one's side easily in the cofferdam, and expend the plenty of time when installing and adjust the cofferdam attitude, still have many drawbacks such as the big and expense height of engineering difficulty in next position.
In addition, more than two kinds of cofferdam all do not relate to the handling problem of underwater foundation, its range of application has bigger limitation.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of floating arch cofferdam and job practices thereof for solving the problem that exists in the above-mentioned existing existing technology.
Floating arch cofferdam, make by steel plate and Reinforced Concrete Materials, there is the cabin inside, adopt the dome-shaped contour structures, be divided into several layers in short transverse, every layer of horizontal plane direction is divided into several sections again, every section is distributed with at least two cabins by the arch inner arc to arch outer arc direction, be not communicated with mutually between the cabin, each cabin all is communicated with gauge tap and water pump by pipeline, is communicated with outside water pump and the cofferdam.Can be by the floating state and the equilibrium state of filling, arch cofferdam is regulated in draining.
Arch cofferdam upstream face thickness is constant or thickening gradually with the depth of water, and the arch cofferdam downstream face is thickening, constant or step-like gradually.Also comprise the pedestal of being located at bottom, floating arch cofferdam, pedestal is the arch shell structure of end face opening, the concrete main body in ccontaining cofferdam in the housing, and there are two arch steel sword pin the bottom surface of pedestal, steel sword pin is concordant with the outside, cofferdam, article two, limit, steel sword underfooting inwardly is the low-angle acute angle, and two steel sword pin form between a sealing, and the top is provided with grout pipe to be connected to the cofferdam pre-between sealing.After two steel sword pin penetrate the riverbed, thereby the sealing processing can be carried out by default steel pipe cast non-dispersible underwater concrete in the space between arch cofferdam and the riverbed.
Arch cofferdam two ends and dam joint portion are provided with abut, and the dam contact surface and the dam profile of abut are harmonious, and the soft mode bag is installed, and abut and arch cofferdam bonding surface also are provided with the soft mode bag, and the soft mode bag is connected with builds pipe and lead to weir crest.
The job practices of floating arch cofferdam comprises the following steps:
One, water-bed foreign material and the levelling basis of removing: adopt large-scale dredge boat to excavate covering layer and foundation ditch operation levelling basis, if any outstanding uneven scar then in water with excavation again after the mode explosion of decide elevation.
Two, the water surface is assembled swim platform and door shape hoist tower: set up at need and assemble the platform that swims on the part water surface of cofferdam, the platform that swims that splicing is finished is arch, its operation area, middle part is run through and is communicated with formation one water surface operation area, several shape hoist towers are arranged on the operation area, hoist tower is fixed on the platform that swims, and can utilize the suspension hook shaping steel die that rises and falls.
Three, at operation area assembling cofferdam pedestal and external mold steel plate: will finish assembly unit in the workspace at the pedestal of factory's customization, external mold steel plate and pedestal sealing link formation casing junction structure, and utilize door shape hoist tower that pedestal and external mold are constantly transferred in the entry, to alleviate the platform institute load gravity that swims.
Four, assembling reinforcement concreting: all colligation shapings on special mold of the reinforcing bar in the outer wall of arch cofferdam and the dividing plate; mould is gone in lifting respectively then; and plastic cushion is set; to guarantee the thickness of the outer concrete cover of reinforcing bar; the internal mold steel plate is installed subsequently, and the internal mold steel plate is hydraulic segmented formula structure.Remove and adopt shrinkage method, draw with hoist engine, concrete is a placement layer by layer, after lower-layer concrete reaches more than 80% design strength, build the last layer concrete again, can utilize a shape hoist tower will construct in the cofferdam constantly transfer entry, remain cofferdam buoyancy and suspension hook pulling force greater than changeing the weir deadweight.
Five, arch cofferdam in place with sealing sealing and finish the district that works: the prefabricated arch cofferdam two ends abut on ground, wait upon after arch cofferdam concreting finishes haul installation two ends abut respectively, and in the soft mode bag of both sides, pour into C by conduit
30One-level is joined concrete and is wherein mixed fluidizer and early strength admixture, utilize hoist engine and rope that arch cofferdam and abut are close to dam, equally by grout pipe between arch cofferdam base sword pin between sealing in concrete perfusion carry out the water shutoff of cofferdam bottom, outwards drain the water in cofferdam and the dam space at last from the top, cofferdam, finish the district that works.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: Reinforced Concrete Materials is adopted in the cofferdam, the cofferdam profile of dome-shaped makes the cofferdam outer wall too thickly just can bear upstream hydraulic pressure, the plural Cabin Design of plane of structure, can be by controlling the notes draining in each cabin when transportation by driving, adjust cofferdam attitude in water more flexibly, can not turn on one's side and to make alignment faster, though cofferdam construction carries out on the water, but base and external mold steel plate have just sealed before building and have finished, the sewage that produces in the time of can collecting construction, finish and discharge again after sewage clarification is handled in the construction back, can reduce pollution water quality.Do not need the emptying reservoir during construction, only need suitably to reduce water level, thereby avoid the loss of the economic and social benefit that causes owing to the emptying reservoir.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram in one of existing cofferdam.
Fig. 2 is two the structure diagram in existing cofferdam.
Fig. 3 is a floating arch cofferdam general structure sketch of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective exploded view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 a-c is a floating arch cofferdam vertical section structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a cabin of the present invention A-A sectional drawing.
Fig. 7 is a sectional drawing between base sealing of the present invention.
Fig. 8 a-b is the present invention construction substep figure on the platform that swims.
Wherein:
1 existing steel cylinder formula cofferdam 2 grouting bags, 3 dams
4 water pumps, 5 existing concrete weirs, 6 coagulation earth bank sides support
9 cabins, 7 floating arch cofferdams, 8 workspaces
71 outer walls, 72 dividing plates, 10 abuts
11 pedestals, 12 steel sword pin, 13 grout pipes
14 external mold steel plates, 15 internal mold steel plates, 16 sacked concretes
Between 20 shape hoist tower 21 water 22 sealings
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, floating arch cofferdam 7 of the present invention is to be made by steel plate and Reinforced Concrete Materials, and main body can adopt ordinary concrete, the external mold steel plate that skin is made for steel sheet; Because the suffered water pressure of arch cofferdam changes with water depth, so from the structure angle, the arch cofferdam width and thickness can change with the depth of water.Generally can progressively be diminished by dark and shallow, shown in Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b, arch cofferdam upstream face thickness is constant with the depth of water, the arch cofferdam downstream face for thicken gradually with the depth of water, constant or step-like, its upstream face also can be thickeied with the depth of water gradually as downstream face.But make from construction technology and interior compartment 9 to be used for considering that vertical section should be selected same up and down width shown in Fig. 5 c, just outer wall 71 thickness with the depth of water by shallow and thickening deeply progressively.
Be divided into several layers as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, concrete main body within it shown in Figure 6 in short transverse, every layer height is generally 1-3 rice, the thickness of dividing plate 72 and outer wall 71 should be the 200-500 millimeter, every layer of horizontal plane direction is divided into the 6-10 section again, in every section by the arch inner arc to arch outer arc direction at least two cabins 9 that distribute, be not communicated with mutually between the cabin 9, each cabin 9 all is communicated with gauge tap and water pump by pipeline, is communicated with outside water pump and the cofferdam.Realize avaling of cofferdam and float and be adjusted at statokinetic in the water by water pump water filling and draining in each cabin 9.
Along cofferdam cylindrical points of tangency configuration external prestressing drag-line, the external prestressing drag-line adopts high-strength underrelaxation steel strand in addition, steel strand outsourcing epoxy coating, and all steel strand are assembled bunchy, the double-deck high density polyethylene (HDPE) sheath of outsourcing.
Arch cofferdam two ends and dam 3 joint portions are provided with abut 10, abut 10 merges mutually with dam 3 profiles with dam 3 contact surfaces the soft mode bag is installed, because the upstream dam facing of generating diversion monolith, overflow monolith and dash monolith is not to be vertical smooth flat, and two arch abutments of arch cofferdam be standard with the vertical plane docking structure, so the transition structure abut 10 that abut 10 is arranged between dam 3 upstream faces and arch cofferdam two arch abutments also is provided with the soft mode bag with the arch cofferdam bonding surface, the soft mode bag is connected with builds pipe and leads to weir crest, but concreting is in conjunction with sealing.
The job practices of floating arch cofferdam comprises the following steps:
One, water-bed foreign material and the levelling basis of removing: because all previous repairing dam, cause a large amount of wooden rubbish, ballast and concret block to accumulate near the dam heel, timber and other bulk foreign material can be removed with the citrus fruit type grab claw, hang grab bucket with crane and excavate foreign material such as wood, ballast, use high-pressure hydraulic pump to send water under high pressure in the cofferdam giant and waterpower suction dredge respectively by water inlet pipe then, the High-Pressure Water that utilizes giant to penetrate washes away rubble and mud, make its mud that forms certain denseness, by waterpower suction dredge or air suction dredge with the mud sucking-off.Adopt large-scale dredge boat to excavate covering layer and foundation ditch operation levelling basis then, if any outstanding uneven scar then in water with excavation again after the mode explosion of decide elevation, the basis may be controlled to the discrepancy in elevation of having only positive and negative 0.5m like this.
Two, the water surface is assembled swim platform 19 and door shape hoist tower 20 as shown in Figure 8: set up at need and assemble the platform 19 that swims on the part water surface of cofferdam, the platform 19 that swims that splicing is finished is arch, its operation area, middle part 7 width are about 6 meters, run through to be communicated with and form a water surface operation area 7, several shape hoist towers 20 are arranged on the operation area 7, the feet of door shape hoist tower 20 is anchored on the platform 19 that swims, and a door shape hoist tower 20 can utilize the rope shaping steel die that rises and falls, and constitutes the suspention buoyancy method and builds the cofferdam.
Three, 7 assembling pedestal 11 and the external mold steel plates 14 in the operation area: assembling foot external mold steel plate 14 on the platform 19 that swimming, steel plate thickness 6-20mm makes in factory, and is decomposed into some parts, so that transport the platform 19 that swims.The assembly unit of bottom outer steel mould plate 14, welding are to be welded into integral body on the platform 19 that swims.In the aperture time before integral steel box lifting back entry, the brace summer on the platform 19 that swims just can remove.In order to increase pedestal 11 rigidity, be welded with stiffening rib in the bottom, this method is existing rich experience in bridge is installed, be applied in the arch cofferdam construction and do not have the principle difficulty, external mold steel plate 14 links with pedestal 11 sealings and constitutes the casing junction structures, can utilize a shape hoist tower 20 that pedestal 11 and external mold steel plate 14 are constantly transferred entry and alleviate 19 the load gravity of platform that swim.
Four, assembling reinforcement concreting: all colligation shapings on special mold of the reinforcing bar in the outer wall 71 of arch cofferdam and the spacer block 72; mould is gone in lifting respectively then; and plastic cushion is set; to guarantee the thickness of the outer concrete cover of reinforcing bar; internal mold steel plate 15 is installed subsequently, and internal mold steel plate 15 is hydraulic segmented formula structure.Remove and adopt shrinkage method, draw with hoist engine, in addition also will be along whole semicircular arch cofferdam center line embedded steel tube, spacing 1-3 rice is except that concreting, and double as grout pipe 13 uses.As shown in Figure 8, concrete is a placement layer by layer, after lower-layer concrete reaches more than 80% design strength, builds the last layer concrete again.Adopt continuous placing when building, oblique segmentation, the casting method of horizontal slice, the horizontal slice THICKNESS CONTROL is in 40cm, and be no more than the initial setting time successively two-layer concrete blanking time; Concrete is gone into the mould blanking and is wanted evenly, and cloth matches with vibrating; After dividing plate 72 is built and finished, build inside and outside wall 71 concrete to the bilateral symmetry position respectively, prevent both sides concrete surface discrepancy in elevation great disparity, cause inclination.Every stringcourse circle adopts disposable continuous placing moulding.Constuction joint must be through cutter hair, purge is clean handle after, spread after the cement mortar of high strength grade concreting again.Placement layer by layer, layering is sunk.This job practices must utilize buoyancy and suspension hook lifting force to adjust the balance of arch cofferdam all the time.Go round and begin again, until reaching design height.Can utilize a shape hoist tower 20 will construct in the cofferdam constantly transfer entry, remain cofferdam buoyancy and suspension hook pulling force sum is conducted oneself with dignity greater than the cofferdam.
Five, arch cofferdam in place with sealing sealing and finish the district that works: the prefabricated arch cofferdam two ends abut 10 on ground, wait upon after arch cofferdam 7 concretings finish, haul installation two ends abut 10 respectively, and pour into C by conduit in the soft mode bag of both sides
30One-level is joined concrete and is wherein mixed fluidizer early strength admixture is arranged, utilize hoist engine and rope that arch cofferdam 7 and abut 10 are close to dam 3, equally by grout pipe 13 between 12 sealings of arch cofferdam base steel sword pin in 22 concrete perfusion carry out cofferdam bottom water shutoff, outwards drain the water in cofferdam and the dam space at last from the top, cofferdam, finish the district that works.
The present invention mainly is applicable to do not discharge water the maintenance various dams of reconstruction and hydraulic engineering and other Underwater Engineering, but, two of the present invention become circle together as being assembled into, add the fixing circle district that works that just can form of piling bar again, thereby can be used for various infrastructure or reinstatement workss of striding the river bridge pier, also can be applied as in the exploration and exploitation at the bottom in some shallow seas, lake, and other needs in the water to do the engineering of operation.
Claims (9)
1. floating arch cofferdam, it is characterized in that: make by steel plate and Reinforced Concrete Materials, integral body is dome-shaped, short transverse is divided into several layers within it, every layer of horizontal plane direction is divided into several sections again, by encircleing inner arc at least two cabins of arch outer arc direction distribution, be not communicated with mutually between the cabin in every section, each cabin all is communicated with gauge tap and water pump by pipeline;
Also comprise the pedestal of being located at bottom, floating arch cofferdam, pedestal is the arch shell structure of end face opening, there are two arch steel sword pin the bottom surface of pedestal, steel sword pin is concordant with the outside, cofferdam, article two, limit, steel sword underfooting inwardly is the low-angle acute angle, article two, steel sword pin forms between a sealing, and the top is provided with grout pipe and is connected to the top, cofferdam between sealing.
2. according to the described floating arch cofferdam of claim 1, it is characterized in that: arch cofferdam upstream face thickness with the depth of water constant or gradually the thickening, the arch cofferdam downstream face for the depth of water thicken gradually, constant or step-like.
3. according to the described floating arch cofferdam of claim 1, it is characterized in that: floating arch cofferdam two ends and dam joint portion are provided with abut, the dam contact surface and the dam profile of abut match, itself and dam contact surface are equipped with the soft mode bag, abut and floating arch cofferdam bonding surface also are provided with the soft mode bag, and the soft mode bag is connected with builds pipe and lead to weir crest.
4. the job practices of the described floating arch cofferdam of claim 1 is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
One, water-bed foreign material and the levelling basis of removing;
Two, the water surface is assembled swim platform and door shape hoist tower;
Three, at operation area assembling pedestal and external mold steel plate;
Four, assembling reinforcement concreting;
Five, floating arch cofferdam is in place finishes the district that works with the sealing sealing.
5. according to the job practices of the described floating arch cofferdam of claim 4, it is characterized in that: water-bed remove foreign material and the levelling basis is to adopt large-scale dredge boat to excavate covering layer and foundation ditch operation levelling basis, if any outstanding uneven scar then in water with excavation again after the mode explosion of decide elevation.
6. according to the job practices of the described floating arch cofferdam of claim 4, it is characterized in that: the water surface is assembled swim a platform and a door shape hoist tower, set up on the part water surface of cofferdam the assembling platform that swims at need, the platform that swims that splicing is finished is arch, its operation area, middle part is run through and is communicated with formation one water surface operation area, several shape hoist towers are arranged on the operation area, and hoist tower is fixed on the platform that swims, and can utilize the suspension hook shaping steel die that rises and falls.
7. according to the job practices of the described floating arch cofferdam of claim 4, it is characterized in that: at operation area assembling cofferdam pedestal and external mold steel plate is to finish assembly unit in the workspace at the pedestal of factory's customization, external mold steel plate and pedestal are tightly connected and constitute the casing junction structure, and utilize door shape hoist tower that pedestal and external mold are constantly transferred in the entry, to alleviate the platform institute load gravity that swims.
8. according to the job practices of the described floating arch cofferdam of claim 4; it is characterized in that: the assembling reinforcement concreting is with the outer wall of arch cofferdam and all colligation shapings on special mold of the reinforcing bar in the dividing plate; mould is gone in lifting respectively then; and plastic cushion is set; to guarantee the thickness of the outer concrete cover of reinforcing bar; the internal mold steel plate is installed subsequently; the internal mold steel plate is hydraulic segmented formula structure; remove and adopt shrinkage method; draw with hoist engine; concrete is a placement layer by layer; after lower-layer concrete reaches more than 80% design strength; build the last layer concrete again, can utilize a shape hoist tower will construct in the cofferdam constantly transfer entry, remain cofferdam buoyancy and suspension hook pulling force greater than changeing the weir deadweight.
9. according to the job practices of the described floating arch cofferdam of claim 4, it is characterized in that: floating arch cofferdam in place with sealing sealing and the finishing district's step of working be the prefabricated floating arch cofferdam two ends abut on ground earlier, after treating that floating arch cofferdam concreting is finished, the two ends abut is installed in haul respectively, and wherein mix fluidizer and early strength admixture by conduit concrete perfusion in the soft mode bag of both sides, utilize hoist engine and rope that arch cofferdam and abut are close to dam, equally by conduit between arch cofferdam base steel sword pin between sealing in concrete perfusion carry out the water shutoff of cofferdam bottom, outwards drain the water in cofferdam and the dam space at last from the top, cofferdam, finish the district that works.
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| CN2008100005902A CN101245603B (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2008-01-23 | Floating arch cofferdam and construction method |
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| CN2008100005902A CN101245603B (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2008-01-23 | Floating arch cofferdam and construction method |
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| CN101245603B true CN101245603B (en) | 2010-06-23 |
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