CN105961844B - Feed with hydrolyzed protein and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Feed with hydrolyzed protein and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105961844B
CN105961844B CN201610292782.XA CN201610292782A CN105961844B CN 105961844 B CN105961844 B CN 105961844B CN 201610292782 A CN201610292782 A CN 201610292782A CN 105961844 B CN105961844 B CN 105961844B
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沈喆如
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a feed with hydrolyzed protein and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: adding the well-mixed raw materials into water, heating, adjusting the pH value, adding an emulsifier, fully stirring, adding an enzyme, and fully stirring; adding the obtained mixture into a homogenizer for homogenization treatment; or adding the obtained mixture into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment; or adding the obtained mixture into a homogenizer for homogenization treatment, and then adding the homogenized mixture into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment; or adding the obtained mixture into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment, and then adding the emulsified mixture into a homogenizer for homogenization treatment; drying the obtained semi-finished product into powder to obtain the feed with the hydrolyzed protein.

Description

Feed with hydrolyzed protein and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a feed with hydrolyzed protein and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to achieve the best production performance of animals, particularly young animals, a certain amount of small peptides are required, and common feed proteins can be digested and absorbed after being degraded in the digestive tract, so that the utilization rate is low, and a large amount of biological energy consumption is consumed.
In the prior art, three feed raw materials of grease, protein and whey powder are emulsified and homogenized, and then are subjected to high-temperature spray drying to form solid powder. Or emulsifying oil, protein, whey powder and feed additive, and spray drying to obtain feed material.
The process has positive effects in improving feed processing efficiency, promoting digestion and absorption of animals, and improving emulsibility and dissolubility of the feed. They have a significant disadvantage: the protein in the prepared feed cannot be directly absorbed by the digestive tract of animals.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a feed having hydrolyzed protein and a method for preparing the same.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of preparing a feed having hydrolyzed protein, the method comprising:
(1) adding the well-mixed raw materials into water, heating, adjusting the pH value, adding an emulsifier, fully stirring, adding an enzyme, and fully stirring; the purpose of pH adjustment is to provide reaction conditions for the reaction in which the enzyme participates, and the purpose of heating is to provide reaction conditions for both emulsification and the reaction in which the enzyme participates;
(2) adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a homogenizer for homogenization treatment; or adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment; or adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a homogenizer for homogenization treatment, and then adding the homogenized mixture into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment; or adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment, and then adding the mixture after emulsification treatment into a homogenizer for homogenization treatment;
(3) and (3) drying the semi-finished product obtained in the step (2) into powder to obtain the feed with the hydrolyzed protein.
Preferably, 1-60% of whey powder, 0-60% of vegetable protein, 0-60% of animal protein, 0-60% of vegetable oil and fat and 0-60% of animal oil and fat are mixed in proportion to prepare raw materials, and at least one of the vegetable protein or the animal protein exists.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the step (1) is controlled within the range of 30-100 ℃.
Preferably, the pH value in the step (1) is controlled within the range of 1.5-9.5.
Preferably, the enzyme comprises a protease and one or more of carbohydrase, lipase, flavourzyme, cellulase, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis, oxidoreductase, isomerase, enzyme inhibitor, enzyme activator. I.e. at least comprising a protease. Proteases are a generic term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze peptide chains of proteins. The action of carbohydrases is to cleave the chemical bonds in polysaccharides that hold monosaccharides together, degrading the polysaccharide into smaller molecules. Lipases belong to the group of carboxyl ester hydrolases and are capable of stepwise hydrolyzing triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. The class of redox enzymes is an enzyme that catalyzes redox reactions and can be divided into two classes, oxidase and reductase. The genus lactobacillus, lactobacillus family, is named for the large amount of lactic acid produced by fermenting sugars. The bacillus subtilis has wide existence and acidophilic property, the optimum pH value for survival is 5.5-6.0, certainly, the bacillus subtilis still can survive in the environment with the pH value of 3.0-4.5, and the bacillus subtilis has the strongest acid resistance in bacillus-free bacteria. Bifidobacterium is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium isolated from the intestinal tract of breast milk-fed infants, Bacillus subtilis, a species of Bacillus. Isomerase, also known as isomerase, is a generic term for enzymes that catalyze reactions that produce isomers. Enzyme inhibitors are a class of molecules that can bind to and reduce the activity of enzymes. Since inhibiting the activity of a particular enzyme can kill pathogens or correct metabolic imbalances, many of the drugs of interest are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme activator is a substance that enables an inactive enzyme to become an active enzyme.
The invention also provides a feed with hydrolyzed protein prepared by the preparation method in any one of the preceding items.
The plant protein in the preparation method of the invention comprises: one or more of pea protein, wheat protein, barley protein, oat protein, soybean protein concentrate, rice protein, soybean protein isolate, soybean tissue protein, soybean meal, peanut protein, soybean meal, pea meal, broad bean powder, sesame powder, peanut powder and other plant proteins; the animal protein comprises: one or more of animal protein such as fish meal, plasma protein, blood cell protein, etc.; the vegetable oil comprises: one or more of vegetable oil such as soybean oil, soybean phospholipid, coconut oil, olive oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, palm oil, rape oil, peanut oil, cotton oil, etc.; the animal fat comprises one or more of lard, chicken fat, duck fat, beef tallow and cream; the emulsifier comprises: one or more of food and feed additives with emulsifying function, such as acetic acid and fatty glyceride, lactic acid and fatty glyceride, cholic acid, lecithin, polyglycerol ricinoleate, polyethylene ricinoleate, sodium caseinate, polysorbate (sorbitan fatty acid ester), tween, etc.; the enzyme comprises protease, carbohydrase, lipase, flavor enzyme, cellulase, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis, oxidoreductase, isomerase and one or more of enzyme inhibitor and enzyme activator. The homogenizer in the invention comprises all machines with homogenizing function, and the emulsifying machine comprises all machines with emulsifying function.
The preparation method of the feed with the hydrolyzed protein provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the preparation method of the feed with the hydrolyzed protein, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the investment cost is lower, the production process is simpler and more practical, the occupied area is small, and the hydrolysis reaction is generated in the process of carrying out homogenization treatment on a homogenizer and/or carrying out emulsification treatment on an emulsifier, so that the processing time is greatly shortened, the energy consumption can be saved, and the preparation method has practical significance especially under the background of advocating reduction of air pollution and prohibition of coal burning in China;
(2) the preparation method of the feed with the hydrolyzed protein adopts four production processes of emulsification before homogenization, homogenization before homogenization, whole-process emulsification and whole-process homogenization, and the homogenizer can reduce and homogenize the material particles, so that the enzyme and other materials can be in full contact reaction, or the emulsification machine can be used for rotating at high speed, shearing, dispersing and impacting to strengthen the mutual permeation between the materials and the enzyme, thereby strengthening the hydrolysis effect;
(3) the preparation method of the feed with the hydrolyzed protein provided by the invention has the advantages that the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the homogenizer and/or the emulsifying machine under the action of the enzyme, so that the protein in the material is hydrolyzed into small peptides which can be directly digested and absorbed by animals, which is particularly significant in high-grade aquatic feeds, because the digestion channel ratio of a plurality of high-grade aquatic products is relatively short, the digestion and absorption of the protein are incomplete, and the waste of the protein in the feed is easily caused, and the hydrolyzed small peptides exist in the feed obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention and can be freely absorbed by aquatic animals; the feed prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is more suitable for young animals, and a series of problems such as dyspepsia, gastrointestinal tract chorionic epithelial cell atrophy, diarrhea, growth retardation, even death and the like are easily caused by feeding common protein due to incomplete growth of the digestive tract of the young animals and insufficient secretion of protease and lipase, so that the feed is particularly prominent in the weaning stage of the young animals and is a problem which needs to be overcome by people in the industry at present;
(4) the small peptide contained in the feed prepared by the preparation method of the feed with the hydrolyzed protein can protect easily damaged amino acid in intestinal tract. The simple amino acid can be recombined into peptide and protein in the organism according to the needs, and the mixture of the small peptide and the amino acid can protect the amino acid through the small peptide, thereby saving a part of the amino acid which needs to be recombined, thereby leading the biological evaluation of the feed obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention to be higher, and simultaneously reducing the consumption of protein raw materials in the feed processing, which is particularly important in high-grade aquatic feed and young animal feed because the prices of the protein raw materials used by the high-grade aquatic feed and the young animal feed, such as fish meal, milk powder, whey protein and plasma eggs, are all more than 10000 yuan per ton.
(5) The preparation method of the feed with the hydrolyzed protein provided by the invention can also improve the hydrolysis of animal fat and vegetable oil and fat by adding the enzyme combination containing lipase, thereby enhancing the digestion capability of animals on the animal fat and the vegetable oil and fat, enhancing the resistance of the animals and promoting the growth.
The feed prepared by the preparation method of the feed with the hydrolyzed protein provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the feed additive can replace grease, protein and lactose, has good palatability, and improves the feed intake of animals;
(2) the utilization rate of protein and grease in the feed is improved, and the waste of protein feed and energy feed is reduced;
(3) the feed has high content of small peptides, and is suitable for feeding high-grade aquatic products and solving the problem of weaning of young livestock;
(4) the anti-stress agent can reduce 'body heat increase' and effectively relieve heat stress particularly in hot seasons; energy intake is increased in cold seasons, nutrition needed for growth is increased, and production performance is improved;
(5) the lactation yield and the milk fat rate of the sows are improved, so that the survival rate of piglets and the weight of weaning litter are improved;
(6) the palatability and the digestibility of the suckling pigs are improved, the growth speed is obviously improved, the feed conversion ratio can be reduced, and the use efficiency of the feed is improved;
(7) the egg laying performance of laying poultry is improved, the egg laying peak period is prolonged, and the growth speed and the meat quality of meat poultry can be improved;
(8) the preservation time of the feed is prolonged, the transport is convenient, the refining degree is uniform and obviously improved, and the comprehensive use economic benefit is improved;
(9) the liquid oil can be converted into solid powder, is easy to add, can be used after being uniformly mixed with other feed raw materials, and is convenient to process.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Since a product hydrolyzed into a dipeptide or tripeptide by hydrolysis of protein is more easily absorbed in the human body than a free amino acid and more easily absorbed than a protein not hydrolyzed, it is necessary to measure the degree of hydrolysis when the protein is hydrolyzed by a different protease.
Definition of degree of hydrolysis: the degree of hydrolysis DH of a protein represents the degree or percentage of peptide bonds cleaved during hydrolysis of the protein.
The detection method comprises the following steps: the hydrolysis degree was calculated by placing 5.00ml of a hydrolyzed protein solution in a small beaker, adding 60ml of distilled water, followed by magnetic stirring and measuring the pH value with a precision pH meter, followed by titration with 0.05mol/l NaOH solution to pH8.2, then adding 10ml of a neutralized formaldehyde solution, followed by titration to pH 9.2, recording the volume of 0.05mol/l NaOH solution consumed after titration of the pH value from 8.2 to 9.2, while performing a reagent blank titration experiment (distilled water). The calculation formula of the degree of hydrolysis DH is as follows:
Figure BDA0000981684920000051
c is NaOH concentration, and the unit is mol/l;
V1and V2The volumes of NaOH consumed for the sample and blank, respectively, were from pH8.2 to 9.2, in ml;
v is the volume of the protein enzymolysis liquid, and the unit is ml;
m is the sample mass in g;
p is the mass percentage of the protein in the raw material, and the unit is;
8 is the millimole number mmol/g peptide bonds per gram of protein (with reference to the soy protein value, slightly adjusted if the other proteins are different).
Example 1
Adding 150kg of whey powder, 500kg of soybean protein, 250kg of lard oil and 150kg of soybean oil into 2000kg of water, controlling the temperature between 50 and 60 ℃, controlling the pH value to be about 7.0, adding 5kg of emulsifier, stirring, adding 1.5kg of neutral protease, 1.5kg of papain and 1.0kg of lipase, stirring, homogenizing and refining by a homogenizer under the pressure of about 29 to 35MPa, then putting the mixture into an emulsifying machine for processing, controlling the rotating speed of a rotor of the emulsifying machine to be about 1200r/min, forming comprehensive effects of strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and the like in a reasonable narrow gap among a static grinding piece, a dynamic grinding piece and a screw blade, carrying out spray drying on a semi-finished product of the material by a spray drying tower for about 90 minutes to form powder, sieving, metering and packaging the dried product. The degree of hydrolysis was 13.7%.
Example 2
Putting 50kg of whey powder, 160kg of coconut oil, 290kg of palm oil and 500kg of soybean meal into 2000kg of aqueous solution with the pH value of 6.5-7.5, controlling the temperature at about 60 ℃, adding 10kg of emulsifier, stirring, adding 1.5kg of bacillus subtilis, 1.5kg of papain and 1.0kg of bromelain, stirring, homogenizing and refining by a homogenizer with the pressure at about 40-45MPa, then entering an emulsifying machine for processing, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the emulsifying machine is about 18000r/min, forming strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and other comprehensive effects in a reasonable narrow gap between a static grinding sheet and a dynamic grinding sheet, circulating the material in a container through a circulating pipe for more than working processes for about 300 minutes, and performing spray drying on the semi-finished product of the material by a spray drying tower to form powder and a dried product, sieving, metering and packaging. The degree of hydrolysis was 8.7%.
Example 3
Putting 150kg of whey powder, 195kg of coconut oil, 200kg of palm oil and 440kg of wheat protein into 2000kg of aqueous solution with the pH value of 1.5-3.0, controlling the temperature to be about 40-50 ℃, adding 15kg of emulsifier, stirring, adding 5kg of pepsin, stirring, then entering an emulsifying machine for treatment, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the emulsifying machine is about 2900r/min, forming comprehensive effects of strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and the like in a reasonable and narrow gap among a stator, the rotor and a spiral blade, lasting about 120 minutes, then entering a high-pressure homogenizing machine for homogenization, controlling the pressure to be about 20MPa, refining the materials, and performing spray drying on a semi-finished product by a spray drying tower. Making into powder, drying, sieving, metering, and packaging. The degree of hydrolysis was 18.6%.
Example 4
50kg of whey powder, 350kg of palm oil, 100kg of coconut oil and 500kg of rice protein are put into 2000kg of aqueous solution with the pH value of 5.5-6.5, the temperature is controlled to be about 45-60 ℃, 20kg of emulsifier is added, stirring is carried out, 4kg of bromelain and 1.5kg of cellulase are added, the mixture is stirred and then enters an emulsifying machine for processing, the rotating speed of a rotor of the emulsifying machine is 8000r/min, after comprehensive effects such as strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and the like are formed in a reasonable narrow gap among a stator, the rotor and a screw blade, 120 minutes are carried out, then the mixture enters a high-pressure homogenizing machine for homogenizing, the pressure is about 280MPa, the material is refined, and the semi-finished product is spray-dried by a spray drying tower. Making into powder, drying, sieving, metering, and packaging. The degree of hydrolysis was 13.7%.
Example 5
150kg of whey powder, 250kg of soybean protein, 250kg of rice protein, 100kg of coconut oil and 250kg of palm oil are put into 2000kg of aqueous solution with the pH value of 6.5-7.5, the temperature is controlled to be about 45 ℃, 15kg of emulsifier is added, stirring is carried out, 1kg of flavor enzyme, 1.5kg of bacillus subtilis and 2.5kg of bromelain are added, then the mixture enters an emulsifying machine for treatment, the rotating speed of a rotor of the emulsifying machine is 4800r/min, comprehensive effects of strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and the like are formed in reasonable narrow gaps among a stator, the rotor and a spiral blade, and after about 120 minutes, semi-finished products are subjected to spray drying by a spray drying tower. Making into powder, drying, sieving, metering, and packaging. The degree of hydrolysis was 10.7%.
Example 6
100kg of whey powder, 150kg of coconut oil, 250kg of palm oil, 250kg of wheat protein and 200kg of soybean protein are put into 2000kg of aqueous solution with the pH value of 6.5-7.5, the temperature is controlled to be about 35-40 ℃, 20kg of emulsifier is added, stirring is carried out, 1.5kg of bacillus subtilis and 2.5kg of bromelain are added, then the mixture enters an emulsifying machine for treatment, the rotating speed of a rotor of the emulsifying machine is about 2000 plus 2900r/min, after comprehensive effects of strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and the like are formed in reasonable narrow gaps among a stator, the rotor and a spiral blade, the time is about 200 minutes, and the semi-finished product is spray-dried by a spray drying tower. Making into powder, drying, sieving, metering, and packaging. The degree of hydrolysis was 15.5%.
Example 7
Putting 500kg of whey powder, 250kg of soybean protein and 250kg of rice protein into 1000kg of aqueous solution, controlling the pH value to be 8.0-9.5 and the temperature to be about 50 ℃, adding 25kg of emulsifier, adding 2.0kg of trypsin, 2.5kg of alkaline protease and 1.5kg of momordica grosvenori protease, then homogenizing in a high-pressure homogenizer, freely adjusting the pressure within 400MPa, circularly reciprocating the materials in a container through a circulating pipe to achieve the refining purpose, then stirring for 300 minutes, drying the semi-finished product by a dryer, crushing, sieving, metering and packaging the dried product. The degree of hydrolysis was 9.7%.
Example 8
Putting 150kg of whey powder, 100kg of coconut oil, 150kg of palm oil, 200kg of soybean protein and 175kg of rice protein into 700kg of water, controlling the pH value to be 6.3-7.5 and the temperature to be about 50-60 ℃, adding 25kg of emulsifier, stirring, adding 1.5kg of bacillus subtilis and 1.5kg of papain, then homogenizing in a high-pressure homogenizer, freely adjusting the pressure within 400MPa, circularly reciprocating the materials in a container through a circulating pipe to achieve the refining purpose, then stirring for 360 minutes, drying the semi-finished product by a dryer, crushing, sieving, metering and packaging the dried product. The degree of hydrolysis was 13.7%.
Example 9
Adding 50kg of whey powder, 500kg of rice protein, 250kg of palm oil and 150kg of soybean oil into 2000kg of water, controlling the temperature between 50 and 60 ℃, controlling the pH value to be about 7.0, adding 5kg of emulsifier, stirring, adding 1.5kg of neutral protease and 1.5kg of papain, stirring, homogenizing and refining by a homogenizer with the pressure of about 15 to 25MPa, adding the mixture into an emulsifying machine for treatment, controlling the rotating speed of a rotor of the emulsifying machine to be about 2900r/min, forming strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and other comprehensive effects in a reasonable narrow gap among a static grinding disc, a dynamic grinding disc and a screw blade, circulating the materials in a container through a circulating pipe for above working processes, performing spray drying on the semi-finished products of the materials by a spray drying tower for about 90 minutes to obtain powder and dried products, sieving, metering and packaging. The degree of hydrolysis was 11.3%.
Example 10
Adding 670kg soybean powder and 330kg palm oil into 2000kg water, controlling pH at 5.5-7 and temperature at 35-40 deg.C, adding 10kg emulsifier, stirring, adding 3kg lactobacillus and 1.5kg bifidobacterium, treating in an emulsifying machine at 11000r/min, forming strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and other comprehensive effects in the reasonable narrow gap between static grinding disc, dynamic grinding disc and screw blade, and spray drying the semi-finished product in a spray drying tower for 150 min. Making into powder, drying, sieving, metering, and packaging. The degree of hydrolysis was 9.8%.
Example 11
Putting 50kg of whey powder, 160kg of coconut oil, 290kg of palm oil and 500kg of wheat protein into 2000kg of aqueous solution with the pH value of 6.5-7.5, controlling the temperature at about 60 ℃, adding 10kg of emulsifier, stirring, adding 1.5kg of bacillus subtilis, 1.5kg of papain and 1.0kg of bromelain, stirring, homogenizing and refining by a homogenizer with the pressure at about 80MPa, then entering an emulsifying machine for processing, wherein the rotating speed of a rotor of the emulsifying machine is 2900r/min, forming strong and reciprocating hydraulic shearing, friction, centrifugal extrusion, liquid flow collision and other comprehensive effects in a reasonable narrow gap among a static grinding disc, a dynamic grinding disc and a screw blade, circulating the materials in a container for above working processes by a circulating pipe for about 300 minutes, performing spray drying on the semi-finished product of the materials by a spray drying tower to form powder and a dried product, sieving, metering and packaging. The degree of hydrolysis was 15.2%.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims are included in the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method of preparing a feed having hydrolyzed protein, the method comprising:
(1) adding the well-mixed raw materials into water, heating, adjusting the pH value, adding an emulsifier, fully stirring, adding an enzyme, and fully stirring, wherein the enzyme at least contains protease;
(2) adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment; or adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a homogenizer for homogenization treatment, and then adding the homogenized mixture into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment; or adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into an emulsifying machine for emulsification treatment, and then adding the mixture after emulsification treatment into a homogenizer for homogenization treatment;
(3) drying the semi-finished product obtained in the step (2) into powder to obtain a feed with hydrolyzed protein;
the heating temperature in the step (1) is controlled within the range of 30-100 ℃;
in the step (1), whey powder with the mass percentage of 1-60%, plant protein with the mass percentage of 0-80%, animal protein with the mass percentage of 0-80%, plant oil with the mass percentage of 0-80% and animal oil with the mass percentage of 0-80% are mixed to prepare raw materials, and at least one of the plant oil or the animal oil exists and at least one of the plant protein or the animal protein exists.
2. The method for preparing a feed with hydrolyzed protein according to claim 1, wherein the pH in step (1) is controlled to be in the range of 1.5 to 9.5.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of proteases and carbohydrases, lipases, flavor enzymes, oxidoreductases, and isomerases.
4. A feed with hydrolyzed protein prepared according to the method of any one of the preceding claims.
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CN110089634A (en) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-06 沈喆如 It is a kind of with enzymatic hydrolysis small peptide-additive complex compound feed and preparation method thereof
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