CN105954356B - A kind of metal block closure crack detection localization method based on limited amplitude method - Google Patents
A kind of metal block closure crack detection localization method based on limited amplitude method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105954356B CN105954356B CN201610289533.5A CN201610289533A CN105954356B CN 105954356 B CN105954356 B CN 105954356B CN 201610289533 A CN201610289533 A CN 201610289533A CN 105954356 B CN105954356 B CN 105954356B
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- metal block
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of, and the metal block based on limited amplitude method is closed crack detection localization method.The present invention generates a column sine wave by signal generator, transmitting transducer is motivated to generate large amplitude ultrasonic wave after power amplifier amplifies, the ultrasonic wave of oblique incidence is transmitted to metal block as detection signal by voussoir, drive the closure crackle periodicity opening and closing in metal block, so that sound wave is distorted generation higher hamonic wave, detection signal with higher hamonic wave is largely reflected by crack surface, is received detection signal by reception energy converter and is passed through oscilloscope display and storage.The present invention connects metal block and energy converter with voussoir, the angle that ultrasonic wave is incident on metal block can change by using the voussoir of different inclination angle, therefore the case where face that can be open with Crack prevention detects Acoustic Wave Propagation direction, crackle detection probability is improved, while transmitting and reception energy converter are more convenient when the same side of metal block is detected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of, and the metal block based on limited amplitude method is closed crack detection localization method.
Background technique
Under stress, certain weak parts occur part fracture and form crackle complete metal.Crackle usually exists
Metal can extend in, it not only directly destroys metallic continuity, but also the tail end of crackle will necessarily cause to answer
Power is concentrated, and promotes metal component that crack propagation occurs under lower stress condition, final that fracture and failure accidents occur.Cause
This, it is necessary to study a kind of technology that can accurately detect metal material early-age plastic deformation and fatigue crack, ultrasonic non-destructive inspection
Survey technology has that defect location is accurate, detection sensitivity is high, harmless etc. many excellent compared with other non-destructive testing technologies
Point.But conventional linear ultrasonic detecting technology be since the limitation in principle can only rest on the qualitative analysis stage, cannot achieve pair
The quantitative assessment and accurate positioning of micro-crack.In recent years, mechanics, acoustics and materialogy field is some the study found that in structure
The change of mechanical property caused by portion's fatigue damage can be reacted well by non-linear ultrasonic, even if very small split
It is apparent non-linear to also result in structure appearance for line.Limited amplitude method is one of current most commonly used nonlinear acoustics method,
The material nonlinearity of solid dielectric is mainly derived from the microdefect of material internal, and single-frequency ultrasonic wave is propagated in the material
When, it can interact with these tiny flaws and generate nonlinear characteristic, to generate higher hamonic wave.Pass through the sight to higher hamonic wave
Examine research, so that it may which effective incipient fatigue damage non-destructive testing and assessment are carried out to the inside of tested material.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of, and the metal block based on limited amplitude method is closed crack detection
Localization method.
The technical solution adopted for solving the technical problem of the present invention is：
The present invention generates a column sine wave by signal generator, motivates transmitting transducer to produce after power amplifier amplifies
The ultrasonic wave of raw large amplitude ultrasonic wave, oblique incidence is transmitted to metal block as detection signal by voussoir, drives in metal block
The opening and closing of crackle periodicity are closed, so that sound wave is distorted generation higher hamonic wave, the detection signal with higher hamonic wave
It is most of to be reflected by crack surface, detection signal is received by reception energy converter and passes through oscilloscope display and storage；Pass through three-dimensional essence
Close kinetic control system makes transmitting transducer slowly move the detection letter received until receiving energy converter on metal block surface
Higher hamonic wave amplitude maximum in number；Then make reception energy converter slow on metal block surface by three-dimensional precise kinetic control system again
The mobile position until searching out higher hamonic wave amplitude maximum in detection signal；At this time according to the distance of two energy converters, incidence
Angle extrapolates position of the closure crackle in aluminium block.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Metal block and energy converter are connected with voussoir, it can by using the voussoir of different inclination angle
To change the angle that ultrasonic wave is incident on metal block, therefore the feelings in the face detection Acoustic Wave Propagation direction that can be open with Crack prevention
Condition improves crackle detection probability, while transmitting and reception energy converter are more convenient when the same side of metal block is detected.Work as closure
Crackle is located at transmitting transducer acoustic wave propagation path and detects in signal when reception energy converter is located at the reflected acoustic wave direction of propagation
Higher hamonic wave amplitude maximum.At this time by calculating distance, angle of two energy converters on metal block, closure can be extrapolated and split
Position of the line in metal block.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is detection principle diagram.
Fig. 2 is detection device schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is clamp of sensor schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is is to receive energy converter not move, the experimental data figure of higher hamonic wave when transmitting transducer is mobile.
Fig. 5 is the experimental data figure received when energy converter is moved to higher hamonic wave maximum position in detection signal.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
Limited amplitude method can be sensitive to micro-crack, can interact therewith generation higher hamonic wave.Conventional at present is limited
Amplitude method detection closure micro-crack be all to test specimen Vertical Launch ultrasonic wave, but when crackle opening face detect Acoustic Wave Propagation side
Xiang Shi, ultrasonic wave can not bring it about opening and closing phenomenon to generate higher hamonic wave.And higher hamonic wave can only be anti-
Flaw size is reflected, and can not learn its position in test specimen.The invention proposes a kind of oblique incidence limited amplitude methods to detect,
The method that positioning metal block is closed micro-crack, and devise corresponding detection device.By change ultrasonic transducer position and
Angle can avoid the case where Acoustic Wave Propagation direction face crackle opening, can be improved crack detection rate.And it can be according to hair
The angle and distance penetrating energy converter and receiving between energy converter extrapolates position of the crackle in metal block.
Basic principle of the invention is：
The ultrasonic wave of oblique incidence drives the closure crackle periodicity opening and closing in metal block, so that sound wave is distorted
Generate higher hamonic wave.But because ultrasonic wave energy on its direction of propagation is most strong, only when closure crackle is located at sound wave
When in propagation path, the interaction of ultrasonic wave and crackle most conference generates most apparent higher hamonic wave.It is mutual with crackle simultaneously
Effect can largely be reflected with the detection signal of higher hamonic wave by crack surface, therefore be located at reflected acoustic wave biography when receiving energy converter
The detection signal signal-to-noise ratio highest received when broadcasting direction, higher hamonic wave amplitude are also maximum.At this time by calculating two energy converters
Distance, angle just can extrapolate position of the closure crackle in metal block.
In order to more specifically describe limited amplitude method, the physics of limited amplitude method will be explained by the derivation of equation below
Mechanism.For most of material, stress δ and strain stress are at non-linear relation.In minizone, it can be described by Hooke's law, such as
Shown in formula (1)
σ=E ε (1+ β ε+...) (1)
In formula, E is elasticity modulus, and β is nonlinear factor.
In the ergodicity under one-dimensional condition, wave equation is：
T is the time in formula, and ρ is Media density, and x is wave propagation distance, and u is the particle displacement in medium at x.
Joint type (1) and formula (2), and ignore the higher order term in formula (2) more than second order term, utilize particle displacement and strain
Relationship, the available dependent equation about particle displacement u (x, t)
C is velocity of wave in formula.
Using perturbation approximation theory, the approximate solution for obtaining equation is：
U (x, t)=u1+un1 (4)
In formula：u1For linear displacement；un1For nonlinear displacement, then formula (3) can be written as
At this point, if linear solution is set as following form
u1=A1 cos(kx-ωt) (6)
In formula, ω is frequency of sound wave；If λ is wavelength, k=ω/c=2 π/λ is wave number.Using more examination solutions and scale
Method and, and it is a small amount of during solution to ignore high-order, so that it may obtain the approximate solution of formula (3) and formula (5)
u1=u1+un1=A1 cos(kx-ωt)-A2 sin[2(kx-ωt)] (7)
In formula, A1And A2Fundamental wave and secondary harmonic amplitude are respectively represented, and
By formula (7) it can be found that indicating the amplitude A of the second harmonic of nonlinear response2It is related with β, therefore β can be used as and retouch
The nonlinear parameter of matter is given an account of, as shown in formula (9)
From formula (9) it can be seen that, by measurement receive signal fundamental wave and harmonic wave amplitude can in the hope of β, and to
The non-linear of material is described.β is commonly used in practical applications·Instead of β.
Here it is the limited amplitude methods based on second_harmonic generation to measure nonlinear fundamental measurement principle.In actual inspection
During survey, may observe the harmonic wave of the more high order such as triple-frequency harmonics, this phenomenon generally with material and defect
Property is related.
In conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is further described.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, which includes signal generator 1, power amplifier 2, transmitting transducer 3, voussoir 4, gold
Belong to block 5, voussoir 6, receive energy converter 7, oscillograph 8, three-dimensional precise kinetic control system 9.Wherein three-dimensional precise motion control system
System is mainly made of workbench 10, motion motor 11, screw rod 12, guide rail 13, dividing head 14, clamp of sensor 15.Sensor folder
As shown in figure 3, being made of bolt 16, rotary head 17, bolt 18, straight thick stick 19, the fixed sensor of bolt 16, the adjustment of bolt 18 turns tool
The angle of dynamic head 17, straight thick stick 18 are connect with dividing head 14.
As shown in Figure 1, generating a high-frequency sine wave of column by signal generator, motivated after power amplifier amplifies
Transmitting transducer generate large amplitude ultrasonic wave, ultrasonic wave by voussoir be transmitted to metal block and in metal block with crackle phase interaction
With higher hamonic wave is generated, detection signal is received by reception energy converter and by oscilloscope display and storage.It is transported by three-dimensional precise
Autocontrol system moves transmitting transducer slowly until receiving in the detection signal that energy converter receives on metal block surface
Higher hamonic wave amplitude maximum.Then reception energy converter is allowed slowly to move on metal block surface by three-dimensional precise kinetic control system again
Position until searching out higher hamonic wave amplitude maximum in detection signal.At this time according to the distance of two energy converters, incident angle
Extrapolate position of the closure crackle in aluminium block.
Embodiment：
With long 500mm, width 250mm, high 300mm, intermediate there are the aluminium blocks of made closure crackle as detection pair
As building detection system according to Fig. 1, Fig. 2.System includes that signal generator, power amplifier, ultrasonic transducer one, ultrasound are changed
It can device two, voussoir one, voussoir two, three-dimensional precise kinetic control system.The centre frequency for emitting ultrasonic transducer is 1.39MHz,
Since the ultrasonic wave that frequency is f can generate the higher hamonic wave that frequency is nf (n=1,2,3 ...) with defect phase interaction.So selection
Centre frequency and bandwidth want biggish reception ultrasonic transducer.The sine of 1.4MHz frequency, 5V voltage is generated by signal generator
Wave, excitation energy converter generates large amplitude ultrasonic wave after amplifying 20dB by power amplifier.Again by another energy converter receive with
Closure crack interaction produces the detection signal of higher hamonic wave, and is stored and shown with oscillograph.It is controlled with three-dimensional precise
The mobile transmitting transducer of system makes to detect the higher hamonic wave amplitude maximum in signal, and then the mobile energy converter that receives finds detection again
The maximum position of higher hamonic wave in signal.Closure crackle is extrapolated in aluminium block according to the distance of two energy converters, incident angle
Position.
Fig. 4 is to receive energy converter not move, higher hamonic wave most apparent experimental data when transmitting transducer is mobile.Fig. 5 is to connect
Receive experimental data when energy converter is moved to higher hamonic wave maximum position in detection signal.It can be found that detecting signal noise at this time
Than and higher hamonic wave amplitude all increase.The crackle gone out according to the angle of two energy converters and the dead reckoning on metal block
Position is computed it and actual crack location error within 5%.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of metal block based on limited amplitude method is closed crack detection localization method, it is characterised in that：By signal generator
A column sine wave is generated, transmitting transducer is motivated to generate large amplitude ultrasonic wave after power amplifier amplifies, oblique incidence surpasses
Sound wave is transmitted to metal block as detection signal by voussoir, drives the closure crackle periodicity opening and closing in metal block,
So that sound wave is distorted generation higher hamonic wave, the detection signal with higher hamonic wave is largely reflected by crack surface, by receiving
Energy converter receives detection signal and passes through oscilloscope display and storage；Make to emit transducing by three-dimensional precise kinetic control system
Device slowly moves on metal block surface until receiving higher hamonic wave amplitude maximum in the detection signal that energy converter receives；Then again
Reception energy converter is allowed slowly to move on metal block surface until searching out height in detection signal by three-dimensional precise kinetic control system
The position of subharmonic amplitude maximum；Closure crackle is extrapolated in aluminium block according to the distance of two energy converters, incident angle at this time
Position.
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| CN109540055B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-09-29 | 河海大学常州校区 | Method for detecting deformation of metal bonding interface by using second-order stress mutation angle |
| CN109612806A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-04-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of efficient test material preparation and test method suitable for the test of surface crack defect detection probability |
| CN110338846A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-10-18 | 河南科技大学第一附属医院 | Long bone cortex bone microcrack zone system and method based on non-linear ultrasonic guided wave |
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Application publication date: 20160921 Assignee: Xinchang China Metrology University Enterprise Innovation Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Assignor: China Jiliang University Contract record no.: X2021330000071 Denomination of invention: A detection and location method of closed crack in metal block based on finite amplitude method Granted publication date: 20181116 License type: Common License Record date: 20210816 |
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Assignee: Xinchang China Metrology University Enterprise Innovation Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Assignor: China Jiliang University Contract record no.: X2021330000071 Date of cancellation: 20211231 |