CN105949469B - 基于Diels-Alder可逆反应的高分子材料的界面改性方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于Diels‑Alder可逆反应的高分子材料的界面改性方法,属于高分子材料领域。本发明提供一种高分子材料的界面改性方法,所述改性方法为:将聚合物1和聚合物2通过Diels‑Alde反应得到聚合物1/聚合物2复合材料;其中,聚合物1为含有共轭双烯结构的聚合物,聚合物2为带有吸电子基的含双键或者三键的聚合物。本发明提供一种基于Diels‑Alder可逆反应的高分子材料的界面改性方法,改善了两种高分子材料之间的界面结合性,从而提高了高分子复合材料的力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于Diels-Alder可逆反应的高分子材料的界面改性方法,属于高分子材料领域。
背景技术
近年来,聚合物(高分子)材料在许多领域越来越多地被使用,随之而来的是,为了满足各种需要求,作为基质的聚合物的性状、以及其表面、界面的特性变得重要。例如,要求聚合物的表面或界面具有粘合性、粘结性、非粘着性、防静电性、生体相容性等特性。
为了对聚合物的表面、界面赋予上述特性,目前已知多种聚合物的表面(界面)改性法主要有官能团功能化、添加界面改性剂等。
但是现有技术中,利用可逆反应调控高分子材料间的界面结合力等,实现界面改性增强粘合作用尚未见到报道。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于Diels-Alder(D-A)可逆反应的高分子材料的界面改性方法;本发明方法很好地改善了高分子材料之间的界面性,利用本发明方法制得的复合材料力学性能得到改善。
本发明的技术方案:
本发明要解决的第一个技术问题是提供了一种高分子材料的界面改性方法,具体为:将聚合物1和聚合物2通过Diels-Alde反应得到聚合物1/聚合物2复合材料;其中,聚合物1为含有共轭双烯结构的聚合物,聚合物2为带有吸电子基的含双键或者三键的聚合物。本发明首次提出,含有共轭双烯结构的聚合物与含双键或三键的聚合物通过D-A反应可改善上述两种聚合物之间的界面结合力等。
本发明要解决的第二个技术问题是提供了一种高分子材料的界面改性方法,包括下述步骤:
1)将聚合物3通过改性制成含共轭双烯结构的聚合物1;
2)聚合物1与聚合物2通过Diels-Alde反应得到聚合物1/聚合物2复合材料;其中,聚合物2为带有吸电子基的含双键或者三键的聚合物。
进一步,上述高分子材料的界面改性方法中,所述聚合物3为聚乳酸或聚乙烯醇。
所述聚合物2为ABS、PMMA或聚乙炔、聚氨酯。
进一步,上述高分子材料的界面改性方法中,聚合物3通过改性制成含共轭双烯结构的聚合物1的方法为:聚合物3与改性剂于50~200℃下反应4~24小时;其中,改性剂为呋喃醇、吡咯醇、呋喃羧酸或吡咯羧酸。
优选的,聚合物3与改性剂于100~200℃下反应6~10小时。
进一步,所述聚合物3为聚乳酸,所述聚合物2为ABS,所述改性剂为呋喃醇或吡咯醇。
进一步,所述聚合物3为聚乙二醇,所述聚合物2为ABS,所述改性剂为吡咯羧酸或吡咯羧酸。
进一步,当所述聚合物3为聚乳酸或聚乙二醇,聚合物2为ABS,所述改性剂为呋喃醇或呋喃羧酸时,聚合物3与改性剂的摩尔比为1:1;聚合物2与聚合物1的摩尔比为1:1。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供一种基于Diels-Alder可逆反应的高分子材料的界面改性方法,改善了两种高分子材料之间的界面结合性,从而提高了高分子复合材料的力学性能。
具体实施方式
本发明要解决的第二个技术问题是提供了一种高分子材料的界面改性方法,包括下述步骤:
1)将聚合物3通过改性制成含共轭双烯结构的聚合物1;
2)聚合物1与聚合物2通过Diels-Alde反应得到聚合物1/聚合物2复合材料;
其中,聚合物2为带有吸电子基的含双键或者三键的聚合物。
其中,D-A反应过程如下所示:
①D-A反应原料制备:
1、通过呋喃醇或吡咯醇与PLA发生简易酯化反应,反应温度在50~200℃,反应时间4~24小时,常压下生成PLA-呋喃/吡咯型双烯体(A),反应路线如下:其中X表示N、O原子
PLA-呋喃/吡咯型双烯体合成路线
2、通过呋喃羧酸或吡咯羧酸与PEG发生简易酯化反应,反应温度在50~200℃,反应时间4~24小时,常压下生成PEG-呋喃/吡咯型双烯体(B),反应路线如下:其中X表示N、O原子
PEG-呋喃/吡咯型双烯体合成路线
3、通过PEG-吡咯型双烯体与PLA发生简易酰胺化反应,反应温度在50~200℃,反应时间4~24小时,常压下生成PLA-吡咯-PEG型双烯体(C),反应路线如下:
PLA-吡咯-PEG型双烯体合成路线
4、通过氮羟基马来酰亚胺与端羧基PLA发生简易酯化反应,反应温度在50-200℃,反应时间4-24小时,常压下生成PLA-马来酰亚胺亲双烯体(D),反应路线如下:
PLA-马来酰亚胺亲双烯体合成路线图
②D-A反应:
1、物质A与物质D在加热条件下发生D-A反应生成产物E,反应温度在50-200℃,反应时间4-24小时,反应路线如下:(其中X表示N、O原子)
PLA/PLA基D-A反应路线图
2、物质B与物质D在加热条件下发生D-A反应生成产物F,反应温度在50-200℃,反应时间4-24小时,反应路线如下:(其中X表示N、O原子)
PLA/PEG基D-A反应路线图
3、物质C与ABS在加热条件下发生D-A反应生成产物G,反应温度在50-200℃,反应时间4-24小时,反应路线如下:
PLA/PEG/ABS基D-A反应路线图
4、物质A与ABS在加热条件下发生D-A反应生成产物G,反应温度在50-200℃,反应时间4-24小时,反应路线如下:
PLA-呋喃型双烯体-ABS基D-A反应路线图
以下实施例只是几种典型的实施方式,并不能起到限制本发明的作用,本领域的技术人员可以参照实施例对技术方案进行合理的设计,同样能够获得本发明的结果。
实施例1
试样制备:
1)聚乳酸(聚合物3)与呋喃醇在常压下反应得到PLA-呋喃型双烯体(聚合物1);其中,聚乳酸与呋喃醇的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为10小时;
2)然后将步骤1)所得PLA-呋喃型双烯体与ABS(聚合物2)进行D-A反应得到产物;其中,PLA-呋喃型双烯体与ABS的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为10小时。
实施例2
试样制备:
1)聚乳酸与呋喃醇在常压下反应得到PLA-呋喃型双烯体(聚合4);其中,聚乳酸与呋喃醇的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为6小时;
2)然后将步骤1)所得PLA-呋喃型双烯体与ABS(聚合物2)进行D-A反应得到产物;其中,PEG-呋喃型双烯体与ABS的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为6小时。
实施例3
试样制备:
1)聚乙二醇与吡咯羧酸在常压下反应得到PEG-吡咯型双烯体(聚合4);其中,聚乙二醇与吡咯羧酸的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为200℃,反应时间为4小时;
2)然后将步骤1)所得PEG-吡咯型双烯体与PMMA(聚合物2)进行D-A反应得到产物;其中,PEG-吡咯型双烯体与ABS的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为4小时。
对比例1
1)聚乳酸与呋喃醇在常压下反应得到PLA-呋喃型双烯体;其中,聚乳酸与呋喃醇的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为6小时;
2)然后将步骤1)所得PLA-呋喃型双烯体与未改性PLA进行D-A反应得到产物;其中,PLA-呋喃型双烯体与未改性PLA的摩尔比为1:1,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为6小时。
对比例2
不采用D-A反应设计,PLA和ABS直接按照摩尔比为1:1打印成样条进行拉伸测试。
性能测试
将实施例与对比例所得的材料通过FDM模式3D打印机打印成哑铃型样条,打印温度为150℃,样条尺寸和拉伸测试条件满足ASTM/D638-91要求,获得性能见表1。由表1可知,采用D-A反应设计的实施例1、2、3试样的拉伸性能和断裂伸长率均有所提高,显示出明显的力学性能提高效果,从而说明经过这种设计使得材料体系的界面结合得到改善。PLA自身通过D-A反应同样取得了强度提高的结果,强度达到67MPA,但是断裂伸长率并没有改善,原因是没有ABS,不能提高韧性。不采用D-A反应设计的PLA-ABS复合材料的拉伸强度为43MPa,断裂伸长为25%,低于采用D-A改性的产品。
聚乳酸是目前商品化较多的熔融沉积成型(FDM)材料,广泛应用于生物医药、组织工程等领域。然而由于聚乳酸韧性差、冲击强度低,FDM层间界面结合不足,限制了其在增材制造领域的应用;目前一般通过共混、复合等方式改善聚乳酸材料的结构从而提高力学性能。
丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)基于其抗冲击性强、易加工等优点,近年来被广泛的应用于非降解材料的增材制造;将聚乳酸和ABS共混合金化,将可能获得刚韧平衡的高性能材料。然而由于聚乳酸和ABS较高的分子量在加工中易发生相分离导致不相容,从而力学性能下降,尤其是经历FDM中温度变化后获得的制品不能维持较好的界面结合。
Diels-Alder反应利用双烯体和亲双烯体的反应构筑碳-碳键,具有温度控制的可逆性。本发明利用Diels-Alder反应调控方法使得材料自身重排和再结合实现界面结合改善,相较于常用的改变界面结合的方法具有效率高、操作简便、制备过程中无需添加额外助剂等优势。表1改性PLA复合材料的力学性能
拉伸强度MPa | 断裂伸长率% | |
实施例1 | 68 | 125 |
实施例2 | 67 | 142 |
实施例3 | 73 | 150 |
对比例1 | 67 | 30 |
对比例2 | 43 | 25 |
ABS | 45 | 100 |
PLA | 60 | 25 |
Claims (14)
1.高分子材料的界面改性方法,所述改性方法为:将聚合物1和聚合物2通过Diels-Alde反应得到聚合物1/聚合物2复合材料;其中,聚合物1为含有共轭双烯结构的聚合物,聚合物2为带有吸电子基的含双键或者三键的聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物2为ABS、PMMA或聚乙炔、聚氨酯。
3.高分子材料的界面改性方法,所述改性方法包括下述步骤:
1)将聚合物3通过改性制成含共轭双烯结构的聚合物1;
2)聚合物1与聚合物2通过Diels-Alde反应得到聚合物1/聚合物2复合材料;其中,聚合物2为带有吸电子基的含双键或者三键的聚合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物3为聚乳酸或聚乙烯醇。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物2为ABS、PMMA或聚乙炔、聚氨酯。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,聚合物3通过改性制成含共轭双烯结构的聚合物1的方法为:聚合物3与改性剂于50~200℃下反应4~24小时;其中,改性剂为呋喃醇、吡咯醇、呋喃羧酸或吡咯羧酸。
7.根据权利要求5所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,聚合物3通过改性制成含共轭双烯结构的聚合物1的方法为:聚合物3与改性剂于50~200℃下反应4~24小时;其中,改性剂为呋喃醇、吡咯醇、呋喃羧酸或吡咯羧酸。
8.根据权利要求6所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,聚合物3与改性剂于100~200℃下反应6~10小时。
9.根据权利要求6所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物3为聚乳酸,所述聚合物2为ABS,所述改性剂为呋喃醇或吡咯醇。
10.根据权利要求7所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物3为聚乳酸,所述聚合物2为ABS,所述改性剂为呋喃醇或吡咯醇。
11.根据权利要求6所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物3为聚乙二醇,所述聚合物2为ABS,所述改性剂为吡咯羧酸或吡咯羧酸。
12.根据权利要求7所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物3为聚乙二醇,所述聚合物2为ABS,所述改性剂为吡咯羧酸或吡咯羧酸。
13.根据权利要9或10所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,聚合物3通过改性制成含共轭双烯结构的聚合物1的方法中,聚合物3与改性剂的摩尔比为1:1;聚合物2与聚合物1的摩尔比为1:1。
14.根据权利要11或12所述高分子材料的界面改性方法,其特征在于,聚合物3通过改性制成含共轭双烯结构的聚合物1的方法中,聚合物3与改性剂的摩尔比为1:1;聚合物2与聚合物1的摩尔比为1:1。
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