CN105940803A - Method for improving orchard soil with microbial fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for improving orchard soil with microbial fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105940803A CN105940803A CN201610279592.4A CN201610279592A CN105940803A CN 105940803 A CN105940803 A CN 105940803A CN 201610279592 A CN201610279592 A CN 201610279592A CN 105940803 A CN105940803 A CN 105940803A
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- fermentation
- fertilizer
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving orchard soil with a microbial fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out tillage on orchard soil; applying a biological organic fertilizer, wherein an application amount is 1000-2000kg/Mu; during the tillage process, avoiding turning lower-layer soil to a position on surface-layer soil; (2) carrying out rotary tillage in the orchard with a rotary tiller, such that the soil is refined and flattened. With the method provided by the invention, soil can be significantly improved; soil salt can be reduced; soil-borne diseases can be reduced; a seedling field planting survival rate can be 80% or higher; and crop yield can be improved. The method provided by the invention is simple, and is easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil improvement field, be specifically related to one and utilize microbial manure improvement fruit
The method of Orchard Soil.
Background technology
In the area that soil fertility is barren, the salt content in soil is the most too high so that crop
After emerging, root system easily rots, and causes crop yield the highest.At present, the side of crop yield is improved
Method mainly by using chemical pesticide, using of chemical pesticide, further increase soil depletion
The trend changed.
Therefore, how to utilize green fertilizer, orchard soil is changed by particularly microbial manure
Good, become technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming of prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one and utilize microorganism fertilizer
The method of material improvement orchard soil, the method comprises the steps:
(1) being turned over by orchard soil, spread fertilizer over the fields biological organic fertilizer, amount of application is 1000-2000
Kg/ mu；When turning over, it is to avoid lower soil is translated on topsoil；
(2) utilize rotary cultivator that garden is carried out rotary tillage, soil harrowed carefully, rake；
Described biological organic fertilizer is prepared by method A or method B:
Method A includes step:
The preparation of fermentation raw material: the C/N ratio of regulation fermentation substrate is for 20-25, total nutrient content
It is 6.0～6.5%；Described fermentation substrate includes dreg；
Pre fermentation: arrange waste height≤3m, fermentation raw material water content is 50～60%；
Trough type fermentation: carry out step gains stacking into groove, waste height≤3m is set,
Fermentation raw material water content is 40～50%；When heap temperature is increased to 50～55 DEG C and continues 1
Carry out turning over fertilizer when it is above, turned over disposable fertilizer every 2～4 days, the time of trough type fermentation be 20～
25 days；
4. pile fermentation: arrange waste height≤6m, step gains water content is 35～40%；
After heap temperature is increased to more than 55 DEG C and persistently 2～3 days, carry out turning over fertilizer, every 5～
Within 7 days, turning over disposable fertilizer, the time of pile fermentation is 20～25 days；
5. sub-sieve is crushed: when heap temperature is continuously maintained in 50 DEG C and less, step 4. gained
Thing water content be 35% and following time, step gains are carried out broken sub-sieve；
Follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed: step 5. gains are carried out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, heap body is set
Highly≤6m, turns over disposable fertilizer in every 7～10 days, when heap temperature be continuously maintained in 40 DEG C and
Hereinafter, step 5. gains water content be maintained at 30% and following time, fertilizer has become thoroughly decomposed
Become, obtain biological organic fertilizer；
Method B includes step:
The preparation of fermentation raw material: the C/N ratio of regulation fermentation substrate is for 20-25, total nutrient content
It is 6.0～6.5%；Described fermentation substrate includes dreg；
Pre fermentation: gained fermentation raw material in step is carried out bar buttress compost, arrange waste height≤
2m, punches at interval of 1m, and punch a diameter of 3-5cm, and punching is deep on earth, works as heap
When temperature is increased to more than 50 DEG C, once turns over fertilizer, and proceed to pile fermentation district；
Pile fermentation: step gains are carried out pile fermentation, arranges waste height≤3m,
Carry out turning over fertilizer, every 3～5 when heap temperature is increased to more than 55 DEG C and continues 2-3 days
It turns over disposable fertilizer, and the time of pile fermentation is 20-30 days；
Follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed: step gains are carried out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, heap height is set
Degree≤6m, when heap temperature reaches more than 50 DEG C, carries out turning over fertilizer, within every 7～10 days, turns over one
Secondary fertilizer, when heap temperature is continuously maintained in 40 DEG C and less, and step gains water content keeps
30% and following time, fertilizer has become thoroughly decomposed, obtains biological organic fertilizer.
As shown in the experimental example of the present invention, the salinity that the present invention can significantly reduce in soil contains
Amount, and significantly improve planting percent and the yield of crop, reduce the prevalence of crop simultaneously.
Preferably, described method also comprises the steps:, after step (2), to walk
Rapid: to excavate planting pit, the deep 20-40cm in every cave, wide 40-60cm in face, railway carriage or compartment, add in cave
3-8kg biological organic fertilizer and with mixing with soil in cave, then 3-8kg biological organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields
In the soil dug out, it is backfilled in cave, forms high 15-20cm, diameter 60-80cm's
The tree dish that middle high surrounding is low.It is furthermore preferred that after excavation planting pit, add 5kg in cave
Biological organic fertilizer and with mixing with soil in cave, then 5kg biological organic fertilizer and spreading fertilizer over the fields is being dug out
Soil in, be backfilled in cave.
Preferably, in described method step A (2), during pre fermentation, heap temperature reaches
When 35～40 DEG C, pre fermentation process stops.
Preferably, in described method step A (1), in fermentation substrate, dreg content is by weight
Percentages is more than 60%；In described method step B (1), in fermentation substrate, dreg contains
Amount is more than 60% by weight percentage.
Preferably, in described method step A (1), described fermentation substrate also includes that city is raw
At least one in rubbish alive, agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry；Described method step B (1)
In, described fermentation substrate also includes in domestic waste, agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry
At least one.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, can significantly improve soil, reduce soil salt；
2, reduce soil-borne disease, nursery stock definite value survival rate reaches more than 80%, improves crop
Yield；
3, the method for present invention use simple, easy to spread.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, the present invention is specifically described, it is necessary to it is pointed out here that be with
Lower embodiment is only intended to be further detailed the present invention, it is impossible to be interpreted as the present invention
The restriction of protection domain, the person skilled in the art in this field is made according to foregoing invention content
Some nonessential improvement and adjustment, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1) being turned over by orchard soil, spread fertilizer over the fields biological organic fertilizer, amount of application is 1000kg/
Mu；When turning over, it is to avoid lower soil is translated on topsoil；
2) utilize rotary cultivator that garden is carried out rotary tillage, soil harrowed carefully, rake；According still further to fixed
Plant line-spacing is ditched, and arranges face, railway carriage or compartment.
The method preparing biological organic fertilizer is:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: by weight, take 60 parts of dregs, 30 parts of cattle manures,
10 parts of changing food waste mix homogeneously, are added thereto to bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis
With nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the C/N ratio regulating total compound is 22, and total nutrient content is
6.3%；
(2) trough type fermentation: carry out step (1) gained fermentation raw material stacking into groove, arrange
Waste height is 2.5m, and fermentation raw material water content is 50%, and 30cm is deep in record observation every day
Place's heap temperature situation of change, uses when heap temperature is increased to 52 DEG C and continues 2 days and turns over
Fertile machine carries out turning over fertilizer, turns over disposable fertilizer every 4 days, and fermentation time is 22 days；
(3) pile fermentation: after 22 days trough type fermentations, step (2) gains are without bright
Aobvious stink, now produces it from fermentation tank, carries out pile fermentation, and waste height is 5m,
Step (2) gains water content is 38%；Every day, 30cm depths heap temperature observed in record
Situation of change, after heap temperature is increased to 58 DEG C and persistently 3 days, uses large-duty loader
Carrying out turning over fertilizer, turned over disposable fertilizer every 6 days, fermentation time is 23 days；
(4) broken sub-sieve: when heap temperature is continuously maintained in 48 DEG C, step (3) gained
When thing water content is maintained at 34%, broken sizing equipment is used to be carried out by step (3) gains
Broken sub-sieve；
(5) follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed: step (4) gains are carried out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, if
Putting waste height is 5m, within every 8 days, turns over disposable fertilizer, when heap temperature is down to 35 DEG C, and step
(4) when gains water content is down to 28%, fertilizer has become thoroughly decomposed, obtains biological organic
Fertile.
Embodiment 2
1) being turned over by orchard soil, spread fertilizer over the fields biological organic fertilizer, amount of application is 2000kg/
Mu；When turning over, it is to avoid lower soil is translated on topsoil；
2) utilize rotary cultivator that garden is carried out rotary tillage, soil harrowed carefully, rake；According still further to fixed
Plant line-spacing is ditched, and arranges face, railway carriage or compartment；
3) excavating planting pit in face, railway carriage or compartment, the deep 20-40cm in every cave, wide 40-60cm, in cave
Add 3-8kg biological organic fertilizer and with mixing with soil in cave, then by 3-8kg biological organic fertilizer
Spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil dug out, be backfilled in cave, form high 15-20cm, diameter 60-80cm
The low tree dish of the high surrounding in centre.
The method preparing biological organic fertilizer is:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: by weight, take 70 parts of dregs, 10 parts of pig manures,
20 parts of cattle manure mix homogeneously, be added thereto to bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus laterosporus and
Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the C/N ratio regulating total compound is 25, and total nutrient content is 6.5%；
(2) pre fermentation: step (1) gained fermentation raw material is carried out bar buttress compost, heap is set
Height is 1.8m, punches at interval of 1m, and punch a diameter of 5cm, and punching is arrived deeply
The end, when heap temperature is increased to 53 DEG C, once turns over fertilizer, and proceed to pile fermentation district；
(3) pile fermentation: step (2) gains are carried out pile fermentation, heap height is set
Degree is 2m, and every day measures away from 30cm depths, top heap temperature, when heap temperature is increased to
Carry out turning over fertilizer when 58 DEG C and lasting 2 days, turned over disposable fertilizer every 5 days, the time of pile fermentation
It it is 30 days；
(4) follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed: after 30 days pile fermentations, by step (3) gained
Thing carries out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and arranging waste height is 5.5m, and every day measures away from top 30cm
Depths heap temperature, when heap temperature reaches 53 DEG C, carries out turning over fertilizer, within every 10 days, turns over disposable fertilizer,
When heap temperature is down to 32 DEG C, and step (3) gains water content is down to 25%, organic
Fertilizer has become thoroughly decomposed, obtains biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
1) being turned over by orchard soil, spread fertilizer over the fields biological organic fertilizer, amount of application is 1500kg/
Mu；When turning over, it is to avoid lower soil is translated on topsoil；
2) utilize rotary cultivator that garden is carried out rotary tillage, soil harrowed carefully, rake；According still further to fixed
Plant line-spacing is ditched, and arranges face, railway carriage or compartment；
3) excavating planting pit in face, railway carriage or compartment, the deep 20-40cm in every cave, wide 40-60cm, in cave
Add 5kg biological organic fertilizer and with mixing with soil in cave, then 5kg biological organic fertilizer is spread
Execute in the soil dug out, be backfilled in cave, form high 15-20cm, diameter 60-80cm
The low tree dish of the high surrounding in centre.
The method preparing biological organic fertilizer is:
(1) preparation of fermentation raw material: by weight, take 60 parts of dregs, 30 parts of cattle manures,
10 parts of changing food waste mix homogeneously, are added thereto to bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis
With nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, the C/N ratio regulating total compound is 22, and total nutrient content is
6.3%；
(2) pre fermentation: step (1) gained fermentation raw material is carried out bar buttress compost, heap is set
Height is 1.5m, punches at interval of 1m, and punch a diameter of 4cm, and punching is arrived deeply
The end, when heap temperature is increased to 52 DEG C, once turns over fertilizer, and proceed to pile fermentation district；
(3) pile fermentation: step (2) gains are carried out pile fermentation, heap height is set
Degree is 2.5m, measures every day away from 30cm depths, top heap temperature, when heap temperature raises
To 56 DEG C and continue 3 days time carry out turning over fertilizer, turned over disposable fertilizer every 4 days, pile fermentation time
Between be 25 days；
(4) broken sub-sieve: when heap temperature is continuously maintained in 48 DEG C, step (3) gained
When thing water content is 32%, step (3) gains are carried out broken sub-sieve；
(5) follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed: step (4) gains are carried out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, if
Putting waste height is 5m, and every day measures away from 30cm depths, top heap temperature, when heap body temperature
When degree reaches 52 DEG C, carry out turning over fertilizer, within every 8 days, turn over disposable fertilizer, when heap temperature is down to 35 DEG C,
When step (3) gains water content is down to 28%, fertilizer has become thoroughly decomposed, obtains biological
Fertilizer.
Experimental example 1
After implementing method described in embodiment 1-3, (depth of soil is detection soil salt content
60-80cm), using unprocessed soil as comparison, result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As shown in table 1, the inventive method is effective for Soil Desalting.
Experimental example 2
The index of correlation measurement result of embodiment 1-3 gained biological organic fertilizer is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Experimental example 3
After soil is improved by the method utilizing embodiment 1-3 to record, carry out the plantation of Xia Cheng,
Record nursery stock survival rate and yield, with undressed soil plantation summer orange as a control group 1.
Result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Claims (6)
1. the method utilizing microbial manure improvement orchard soil, it is characterised in that described side
Method comprises the steps:
(1) being turned over by orchard soil, spread fertilizer over the fields biological organic fertilizer, amount of application is
1000-2000kg/ mu；When turning over, it is to avoid lower soil is translated on topsoil；
(2) utilize rotary cultivator that garden is carried out rotary tillage, soil harrowed carefully, rake；
Described biological organic fertilizer is prepared by method A or method B:
Method A includes step:
1. the preparation of fermentation raw material: the C/N ratio of regulation fermentation substrate is for 20-25, and total nutrient contains
Amount is 6.0～6.5%；Described fermentation substrate includes dreg；
2. pre fermentation: arrange waste height≤3m, fermentation raw material water content is 50～60%；
3. trough type fermentation: carry out step 2. gains stacking into groove, waste height≤3m is set,
Fermentation raw material water content is 40～50%；When heap temperature is increased to 50～55 DEG C and continues 1
Carry out turning over fertilizer when it is above, turned over disposable fertilizer every 2～4 days, the time of trough type fermentation be 20～
25 days；
4. pile fermentation: waste height≤6m is set, step 3. gains water content be 35～
40%；After heap temperature is increased to more than 55 DEG C and persistently 2～3 days, carry out turning over fertilizer, often
Turning over disposable fertilizer every 5～7 days, the time of pile fermentation is 20～25 days；
5. sub-sieve is crushed: when heap temperature is continuously maintained in 50 DEG C and less, step 4. gained
Thing water content be 35% and following time, step 3. gains are carried out broken sub-sieve；
Follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed: step 5. gains are carried out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, heap body is set
Highly≤6m, turns over disposable fertilizer in every 7～10 days, when heap temperature be continuously maintained in 40 DEG C and with
Under, step 5. gains water content be maintained at 30% and following time, fertilizer has become thoroughly decomposed,
Obtain biological organic fertilizer；
Method B includes step:
1. the preparation of fermentation raw material: the C/N ratio of regulation fermentation substrate is for 20-25, and total nutrient contains
Amount is 6.0～6.5%；Described fermentation substrate includes dreg；
2. pre fermentation: step 1. middle gained fermentation raw material is carried out bar buttress compost, heap height is set
Degree≤2m, punches at interval of 1m, and punch a diameter of 3-5cm, and punching is deep on earth, when
When heap temperature is increased to more than 50 DEG C, once turns over fertilizer, and proceed to pile fermentation district；
3. pile fermentation: step 2. gains are carried out pile fermentation, waste height≤3m is set,
Carry out turning over fertilizer, every 3～5 days when heap temperature is increased to more than 55 DEG C and continues 2-3 days
Turning over disposable fertilizer, the time of pile fermentation is 20-30 days；
Follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed: step 3. gains are carried out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, heap body is set
Highly≤6m, when heap temperature reaches more than 50 DEG C, carries out turning over fertilizer, within every 7～10 days, turns over one
Secondary fertilizer, when heap temperature is continuously maintained in 40 DEG C and less, and step 3. gains water content is protected
Hold 30% and following time, fertilizer has become thoroughly decomposed, obtains biological organic fertilizer.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described method also includes as follows
Step:
After step (2), carry out step: excavate planting pit, the deep 20-40 in every cave in face, railway carriage or compartment
Cm, wide 40-60cm, in cave add 3-8kg biological organic fertilizer and with mixing with soil in cave,
Then 3-8kg biological organic fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil dug out, be backfilled in cave, form height
The tree dish that the high surrounding in centre of 15-20cm, diameter 60-80cm is low.
Method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that after excavation planting pit, to cave
Middle addition 5kg biological organic fertilizer and with mixing with soil in cave, then by 5kg biological organic fertilizer
With spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil dug out, be backfilled in cave.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described method step A (2)
In, when during pre fermentation, heap temperature reaches 35～40 DEG C, pre fermentation process stops.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described method step A (1)
In, in fermentation substrate, dreg content is more than 60% by weight percentage；Described method B
In step (1), in fermentation substrate, dreg content is more than 60% by weight percentage.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described method step A (1)
In, described fermentation substrate also includes in domestic waste, agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry
At least one；In described method step B (1), described fermentation substrate also includes urban life
At least one in rubbish, agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106588511A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-04-26 | 吉林三才源实业集团有限公司 | Soil improvement method |
| CN107432132A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-05 | 钟春明 | A kind of method using microorganism fungus kind improved soil |
| CN107445759A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-08 | 钟春明 | A kind of method that salt affected soil is improved using beneficial microbe bacterium |
| CN110839384A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-28 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Rapid fertilization method for soil of new remediation land |
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| CN106588511A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-04-26 | 吉林三才源实业集团有限公司 | Soil improvement method |
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| CN107445759A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-08 | 钟春明 | A kind of method that salt affected soil is improved using beneficial microbe bacterium |
| CN110839384A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-28 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Rapid fertilization method for soil of new remediation land |
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| CN105940803B (en) | 2017-11-07 |
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