CN105940803B - A kind of method that utilization microbial manure improves orchard soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of method utilizing microbial fertilizer to improve orchard soil, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) plowing the orchard soil, spreading bio-organic fertilizer, application rate is 1000-2000kg/mu; when plowing, avoid Turn the lower layer of soil onto the top layer of soil; (2) use a rotary tiller to perform rotary tillage on the park, and rake and level the soil. The invention can significantly improve the soil, reduce soil salinity, reduce soil-borne diseases, increase the survival rate of seedlings to more than 80 percent, and increase the yield of crops; the method of the invention is simple and easy to popularize and use.

Description

A method of improving orchard soil by using microbial fertilizer

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of soil improvement, and in particular relates to a method for improving orchard soil by utilizing microbial fertilizers.

Background technique

In areas with poor soil fertility, the salt content in the soil is generally too high, which makes the root system of crops easy to rot after emergence, resulting in low crop yield. At present, the method of increasing crop yield mainly relies on the application of chemical pesticides, and the application of chemical pesticides further increases the tendency of soil barrenness.

Therefore, how to use green fertilizers, especially microbial fertilizers, to improve orchard soil has become a technical problem to be solved urgently.

Contents of the invention

For the shortcoming of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing microbial fertilizer to improve orchard soil, and this method comprises the steps:

(1) Plow the orchard soil, and spread bio-organic fertilizer at an application rate of 1000-2000kg/mu; when plowing, avoid turning the lower layer of soil onto the surface soil;

(2) Use the rotary tiller to perform rotary tillage on the park, and rake and level the soil;

Described biological organic fertilizer is made by method A or method B:

Method A consists of the steps:

Preparation of fermentation raw materials: adjusting the C/N ratio of the fermentation base to 20-25, and the total nutrient content to 6.0-6.5%; the fermentation base includes fungus residue;

Pre-fermentation: Set the height of the pile to be ≤3m, and the moisture content of the fermentation raw materials to be 50-60%;

Tank-type fermentation: stack the obtained products in the tank, set the height of the pile to ≤3m, and the water content of the fermentation raw materials is 40-50%; when the temperature of the pile rises to 50-55°C and lasts for more than 1 day, turn over the fertilizer , turn over the fertilizer every 2 to 4 days, and the time of tank fermentation is 20 to 25 days;

④Stack retting fermentation: set the height of the pile to ≤6m, and the water content of the product obtained in the step is 35-40%; when the temperature of the pile rises above 55°C and lasts for 2-3 days, turn over the fertilizer, every 5-7 days Turn over the fertilizer once, and the time for composting and fermentation is 20 to 25 days;

⑤ Crushing and sieving: When the temperature of the pile remains at 50°C or below and the water content of the product in step ④ is 35% or below, the product in step 4 is crushed and sieved;

⑥ Subsequent decomposing fermentation: Subsequent decomposing and fermenting the product obtained in step ⑤, setting the height of the pile to be ≤ 6m, and turning the fertilizer every 7 to 10 days. When it is 30% or less, the organic fertilizer has been fully decomposed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained;

Method B includes the steps of:

Preparation of fermentation raw materials: adjusting the C/N ratio of the fermentation base to 20-25, and the total nutrient content to 6.0-6.5%; the fermentation base includes fungus residue;

Pre-fermentation: Compost the fermented raw materials obtained in the step, set the height of the pile to ≤ 2m, and punch holes at intervals of 1m. The diameter of the holes is 3-5cm, and the hole is deep to the bottom. When above, carry out a fertilizer turning, and transfer to the compost retting fermentation area;

Compost retting fermentation: carry out compost retting fermentation on the obtained products in the steps, set the height of the pile body to be ≤3m, turn over the fertilizer when the temperature of the pile body rises above 55°C and lasts for 2-3 days, and turn the fertilizer every 3 to 5 days, The time for stack retting fermentation is 20-30 days;

④ Subsequent decomposing and fermentation: carry out subsequent decomposing and fermenting the obtained products in the step, set the height of the pile to be ≤ 6m, and turn over the fertilizer when the temperature of the pile reaches above 50°C, and turn over the fertilizer every 7 to 10 days. When the water content of the product obtained in the step is kept at 30% or below at 40° C. or below, the organic fertilizer has been fully decomposed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained.

As shown in the experimental examples of the present invention, the present invention can significantly reduce the salinity content in the soil, significantly increase the seedling rate and yield of crops, and simultaneously reduce the disease rate of crops.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: after step (2), carry out the step of excavating planting holes on the compartment surface, each hole is 20-40cm deep and 40-60cm wide, and 3-8kg of biological organic matter is added to the hole. Fertilize and mix with the soil in the hole, then spread 3-8kg of bio-organic fertilizer in the excavated soil, and backfill it into the hole to form a tree disk with a height of 15-20cm and a diameter of 60-80cm in the middle and low in the periphery. More preferably, after excavating the planting hole, add 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the hole and mix it with the soil in the hole, then sprinkle 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer on the excavated soil, and backfill it into the hole.

Preferably, in step (2) of the method A, when the temperature of the heap during the pre-fermentation reaches 35-40° C., the pre-fermentation process is terminated.

Preferably, in the step (1) of the method A, the content of the slag in the fermentation base is more than 60% by weight; in the step (1) of the method B, the content of the slag in the fermentation base is 60% by weight %above.

Preferably, in the step (1) of the method A, the fermented substrate further includes at least one of municipal solid waste, crop stalks and livestock and poultry manure; in the step (1) of the method B, the fermented substrate also includes Including at least one of municipal solid waste, crop straw and livestock and poultry manure.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. Can significantly improve the soil and reduce soil salinity;

2. Reduce soil-borne diseases, the survival rate of seedlings can reach more than 80%, and increase the yield of crops;

3. The method of the present invention is simple and easy to popularize and use.

detailed description

The present invention is described in detail by the following examples, it is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art according to the content of the above invention Some non-essential improvements and adjustments still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

1) Plow the orchard soil, and spread bio-organic fertilizer at an application rate of 1000kg/mu; when plowing, avoid turning the lower layer of soil onto the surface soil;

2) Use a rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage on the park, and rake the soil finely and level; then ditch according to the row spacing of the fixed plants, and tidy up the car surface.

The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer is:

(1) Preparation of fermentation raw material: by weight, get 60 parts of bacteria residues, 30 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of kitchen waste and mix evenly, add Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer to it, adjust The C/N ratio of the total mixture is 22, and the total nutrient content is 6.3%;

(2) Tank type fermentation: the fermented material obtained in step (1) is put into the tank and piled up, the height of the heap is set to be 2.5m, and the moisture content of the fermented raw material is 50%. When the body temperature rises to 52°C and continues for 2 days, use a fertilizer turning machine to turn the fertilizer every 4 days, and the fermentation time is 22 days;

(3) Stack retting fermentation: after 22 days of trough fermentation, the product of step (2) has no obvious odor, and now it is transferred out from the fermentation tank for stack retting fermentation. The height of the pile is 5m. (2) The water content of the resulting product is 38%; record and observe the temperature change of the pile at a depth of 30cm every day, when the temperature of the pile rises to 58°C and continues for 3 days, use a large loader to turn the fertilizer every 6 days One time fertilizer, the fermentation time is 23 days;

(4) Crushing and sieving: when the temperature of the pile is kept at 48°C and the water content of the product in step (3) is kept at 34%, use the crushing and sieving equipment to crush and sieve the product in step (3);

(5) Subsequent decomposing fermentation: The result of step (4) is subjected to subsequent decomposing and fermenting, the height of the pile is set to 5m, and the fertilizer is turned every 8 days. When the temperature of the pile drops to 35°C, the water content of the result of step (4) When it is reduced to 28%, the organic fertilizer has been fully decomposed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained.

Example 2

1) Plow the orchard soil and spread bio-organic fertilizer at an application rate of 2000kg/mu; when plowing, avoid turning the lower layer of soil onto the surface soil;

2) Use a rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage on the park, rake the soil finely and flatten it; then ditch according to the row spacing of the fixed plants, and tidy up the car surface;

3) Excavate planting holes on the surface of the car, each hole is 20-40cm deep and 40-60cm wide, add 3-8kg bio-organic fertilizer to the hole and mix with the soil in the hole, and then spread 3-8kg bio-organic fertilizer on the In the excavated soil, backfill in the hole to form a tree disk with a height of 15-20cm and a diameter of 60-80cm, which is high in the middle and low around.

The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer is:

(1) Preparation of fermentation raw material: by weight, get 70 parts of bacteria residues, 10 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of cow manure and mix uniformly, add Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus serospora and nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potash fertilizer wherein, Adjust the C/N ratio of the total mixture to be 25, and the total nutrient content to be 6.5%;

(2) Pre-fermentation: Compost the fermented raw materials obtained in step (1) in strips, set the height of the pile to 1.8m, punch holes every 1m, the diameter of the holes is 5cm, and the depth of the holes is 5cm. When the temperature of the pile increases When the temperature reaches 53°C, turn over the fertilizer once and transfer to the composting fermentation area;

(3) Stack retting fermentation: carry out stack retting fermentation on the product obtained in step (2), set the height of the pile to 2m, measure the temperature of the pile at a depth of 30cm from the top every day, when the temperature of the pile rises to 58°C and lasts for 2 days Fertilize, turn once every 5 days, and the time for composting and fermenting is 30 days;

(4) Subsequent decomposing fermentation: After 30 days of composting and fermentation, the result of step (3) is subjected to subsequent decomposing and fermenting, the height of the compost is set to 5.5m, and the temperature of the compost at a depth of 30cm from the top is measured every day. When it reaches 53°C, turn the fertilizer, and turn the fertilizer once every 10 days. When the temperature of the heap body drops to 32°C and the water content of the product in step (3) drops to 25%, the organic fertilizer has completely decomposed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained. .

Example 3

1) Plow the orchard soil and spread bio-organic fertilizer at an application rate of 1500kg/mu; when plowing, avoid turning the lower layer of soil onto the surface soil;

2) Use a rotary tiller to carry out rotary tillage on the park, rake the soil finely and flatten it; then ditch according to the row spacing of the fixed plants, and tidy up the car surface;

3) Excavate planting holes on the side of the car, each hole is 20-40cm deep and 40-60cm wide, add 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the hole and mix it with the soil in the hole, and then spread 5kg of bio-organic fertilizer on the excavated soil Backfill in the hole to form a tree disk with a height of 15-20cm and a diameter of 60-80cm, which is high in the middle and low around.

The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer is:

(1) Preparation of fermentation raw material: by weight, get 60 parts of bacteria residues, 30 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of kitchen waste and mix evenly, add Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer to it, adjust The C/N ratio of the total mixture is 22, and the total nutrient content is 6.3%;

(2) Pre-fermentation: Compost the fermented raw materials obtained in step (1) in strips, set the height of the pile to 1.5m, punch holes every 1m, the diameter of the holes is 4cm, and the depth of the holes is 4cm. When the temperature of the pile increases When the temperature reaches 52°C, turn over the fertilizer once and transfer to the composting fermentation area;

(3) Stack retting fermentation: carry out stack retting fermentation on the result of step (2), set the height of the pile to 2.5m, measure the temperature of the pile at a depth of 30cm from the top every day, when the temperature of the pile rises to 56°C and last for 3 Turn over the fertilizer every 4 days, and the time for composting and fermenting is 25 days;

(4) Broken and sieved: when the temperature of the heap remains at 48°C and the water content of the product in step (3) is 32%, the product in step (3) is crushed and sieved;

(5) Subsequent decomposing and fermenting: carry out subsequent decomposing and fermenting the result of step (4), set the height of the heap to 5m, measure the temperature of the heap at a depth of 30cm from the top every day, and turn over the fertilizer when the temperature of the heap reaches 52°C. Turn over the fertilizer every 8 days. When the temperature of the heap body drops to 35° C. and the water content of the product in step (3) drops to 28%, the organic fertilizer has been fully decomposed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is obtained.

Experimental example 1

After implementing the method described in Examples 1-3, the soil salinity content was detected (soil depth is 60-80 cm), and the untreated soil was used as a contrast, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

As shown in Table 1, the method of the present invention has a good effect on soil desalination.

Experimental example 2

See Table 2 for the relevant index measurement results of the bio-organic fertilizer obtained in Examples 1-3.

Table 2

Experimental example 3

After the soil was improved by the method described in Examples 1-3, summer oranges were planted, seedling survival rate and yield were recorded, and summer oranges were planted in untreated soil as control group 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

table 3

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method that utilization microbial manure improves orchard soil, it is characterised in that methods described comprises the following steps：

(1) orchard soil is turned over, spreads fertilizer over the fields biological organic fertilizer, amount of application is 1000-2000kg/ mus；When turning over, it is to avoid will Lower soil is translated on topsoil；

(2) rotary tillage is carried out to garden using rotary cultivator, by soil harrow it is thin, rake；The biological organic fertilizer is by method A or method B It is made：

Method A includes step：

1. the preparation of fermentation raw material：The C/N ratios of regulation fermentation substrate are 20-25, and total nutrient content is 6.0~6.5%；The hair Ferment substrate includes bacteria residue；

2. pre fermentation：Waste height≤3m is set, and fermentation raw material water content is 50~60%；

3. trough type fermentation：By step, 2. gains stacked into groove, set waste height≤3m, and fermentation raw material water content is 40 ~50%；Carry out turning over fertilizer when heap temperature is increased to 50~55 DEG C and continues more than 1 day, disposable fertilizer, groove were turned over every 2~4 days The time of formula fermentation is 20~25 days；

4. pile fermentation：Waste height≤6m is set, and 3. gains water content is 35~40% to step；When heap temperature is increased to More than 55 DEG C and continue after 2~3 days, fertilizer is turned in progress, disposable fertilizer was turned over every 5~7 days, the time of pile fermentation is 20~25 days；

5. sub-sieve is crushed：When heap temperature is continuously maintained in less than 50 DEG C, step is right when 4. gains water content is less than 35% 3. gains carry out broken sub-sieve to step；

6. subsequently become thoroughly decomposed fermentation：By step, 5. gains carry out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and set waste height≤6m, every 7~10 days Disposable fertilizer is turned over, when heap temperature is continuously maintained in less than 40 DEG C, step is organic when 5. gains water content is maintained at less than 30% Fertile completion of having become thoroughly decomposed, produces biological organic fertilizer；

Method B includes step：

1. the preparation of fermentation raw material：The C/N ratios of regulation fermentation substrate are 20-25, and total nutrient content is 6.0~6.5%；The hair Ferment substrate includes bacteria residue；

2. pre fermentation：By step, 1. middle gained fermentation raw material carries out bar pile compost, sets waste height≤2m, is carried out at interval of 1m Punching, punches a diameter of 3-5cm, and punching is deep on earth, when heap temperature is increased to more than 50 DEG C, is once turned over fertilizer, and turn Enter pile fermentation area；

3. pile fermentation：By step, 2. gains carry out pile fermentation, waste height≤3m are set, when heap temperature is increased to 55 Carry out turning over fertilizer more than DEG C and when continuing 2-3 days, disposable fertilizer was turned over every 3~5 days, the time of pile fermentation is 20-30 days；

4. subsequently become thoroughly decomposed fermentation：By step, 3. gains carry out follow-up fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and set waste height≤6m, work as heap temperature During up to more than 50 DEG C, fertilizer is turned in progress, turns over disposable fertilizer within every 7~10 days, when heap temperature is continuously maintained in less than 40 DEG C, step 3. institute Thing water content when being maintained at less than 30%, organic fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed completion, produces biological organic fertilizer.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also comprises the following steps：

After step (2), step is carried out：Planting pit is excavated in railway carriage or compartment face, per cave depth 20-40cm, wide 40-60cm, is added into cave Enter 3-8kg biological organic fertilizers and mixed with soil in cave, then spread fertilizer over the fields 3-8kg biological organic fertilizers in the soil dug out, return It is filled in cave, forms high 15-20cm, the low tree disk of the diameter 60-80cm high surrounding in centre.

3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that excavate after planting pit, 5kg biological organic fertilizers are added into cave And mixed with soil in cave, it then 5kg biological organic fertilizers and will spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil dug out, be backfilled in cave.

4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in methods described step A (2), the heap during pre fermentation When temperature is up to 35~40 DEG C, pre fermentation process stops.

5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in methods described step A (1), bacteria residue contains in fermentation substrate Amount is more than 60% by weight percentage；In methods described step B (1), fermentation substrate in bacteria residue content by weight percentage It is calculated as more than 60%.

6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in methods described step A (1), the fermentation substrate is also wrapped Include at least one of domestic waste, agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry；In methods described step B (1), the fermentation base Bottom also includes at least one of domestic waste, agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry.