CN105933003A - Miniaturized rubidium atomic frequency standard radio-frequency circuit - Google Patents
Miniaturized rubidium atomic frequency standard radio-frequency circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN105933003A CN105933003A CN201610260125.7A CN201610260125A CN105933003A CN 105933003 A CN105933003 A CN 105933003A CN 201610260125 A CN201610260125 A CN 201610260125A CN 105933003 A CN105933003 A CN 105933003A
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- direct digital
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- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a miniaturized rubidium atomic frequency standard radio-frequency circuit, comprising a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator. The voltage-controlled crystal oscillator is connected with a direct digital synthesizer and a frequency mixer. The direct digital synthesizer is connected with the frequency mixer via an operational amplifier. The frequency mixer is connected with a step recovery diode via a first crystal filter, a first radio-frequency amplifier, a second crystal filter and a second radio-frequency amplifier in order. The direct digital synthesizer is connected with a single-chip microcomputer. Unwanted frequency is prevented from being introduced and entering a microwave cavity in the frequency mixing step of a radio-frequency chain. Frequency conversion loss which may be caused due to the frequency mixing step of the radio-frequency chain is avoided, and signals that enter a microwave resonant cavity are increased. With a simple structure, the circuit is easy to debug and helps miniaturization of rubidium atomic frequency standard. The crystal filters have many advantages in terms of frequency selectivity, frequency stability, transition-zone slope, insertion loss and the like, and achieve relatively good filtering effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave, field of atomic frequency standard, be specifically related to a kind of rubidium frequency standards radio circuit,
Can be widely used for the fields such as rubidium frequency standards, space communication, radar surveying, satellite navigation.
Background technology
A kind of two grades of frequency markings of Rb atom frequency marking, compare cesium atomic frequency standard, and its accuracy is poor, the most surely
Degree of determining does not has cesium atomic frequency standard good yet, but the structure of Rb atom frequency marking quantum physics part is very simple, weight
Gently, volume is little, low in energy consumption, it is simple to makes and produces in batches, it is simple to miniaturization, cheap, and its frequency
Rate degree of stability and drift index are sufficient for most of space flight, civilian and military requirement, are widely used in leading
The fields such as boat, location and communication.So while it is only as two grades of frequency markings, but remain application at present
Widest atomic frequency standard.
Rb atom frequency marking functionally can be divided into two parts: quantized system and Circuits System, and Circuits System can
To be divided into radio frequency link and servosystem, the function of radio frequency link mainly export 6834.6875MHz ±
1KHz microwave interrogation signals, two energy level generation magnetic resonance of excitation rubidium atom are to realize light detection.
Present stage produces 6834.6875MHz ± 1KHz microwave interrogation signals radio circuit mainly three kinds of forms: 1,
Using band mantissa crystal oscillator to add modulation, low order frequency multiplication, step frequency multiplication obtain the most successively；2, integer crystal oscillator is utilized
Through low order frequency multiplication, step frequency multiplication to 6840MHz, then with the 5.3125MHz of direct digital integrator output ±
The mixing of 1KHz modulated signal obtains；3, with integer crystal oscillator as reference, directly band mantissa is exported with digital synthesizer
Modulated medium frequency signal, is then obtained by step frequency multiplication.
Direct digital synthesis technique is a kind of new frequency synthesis technique and signal generating method, is the direct frequency that continues
The third generation frequency synthesis technique grown up after synthesis and indirect frequency synthesis.Direct digital integrator (DDS)
Having ultrahigh speed frequency switching time, high frequency resolution, low phase noise, at frequency shift and tune
Frequently Phase Continuation be can keep time, frequency, phase place, amplitude modulation(PAM) easily realized.Additionally, it also has able to programme
The advantage controlled.Therefore, direct digital integrator is widely used.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of rubidium frequency standards radio circuit, by integer crystal oscillator successively frequency multiplication, mixing,
Step frequency multiplication obtains 6834.6875MHz ± 1KHz microwave interrogation signals.Its circuit level is high, low in energy consumption,
Cost is relatively low, and the signal frequency side band noise entering step frequency multiplication is little, and debugging is simple simultaneously, contributes to rubidium frequency standard small-sized
Change.
A kind of rubidium frequency standards radio circuit, including VCXO, VCXO is respectively
Output crystal oscillator oscillator signal to direct digital integrator and frequency mixer, the 70KHz that direct digital integrator exports ±
13Hz band modulated signal is input to frequency mixer after operational amplifier amplifies, and frequency mixer is by crystal oscillator oscillator signal
89.93MHz ± 13Hz band modulation letter is exported with the 70KHz ± 13Hz band modulated signal after amplification after being mixed
Number, 89.93MHz ± 13Hz band modulated signal sequentially pass through first crystal wave filter, the first radio frequency amplifier,
89.93MHz ± 13Hz narrow band signal, 89.93MHz is obtained after second crystal filter and the second radio frequency amplifier
± 13Hz narrow band signal obtains 6834.6875MHz ± 1KHz microwave interrogation signals after step-recovery diode.
Present invention present stage radio circuit has the advantage that
1, this circuit eliminates the link in rf chain mixing, it is to avoid is mixed link in rf chain and introduces and be not required to
The frequency wanted enters microwave cavity, avoids simultaneously and is mixed the conversion loss that link causes in rf chain, increases and enter
The signal magnitude of microwave cavity；
2, compared to band mantissa crystal oscillator, integer crystal oscillator is used can to reduce cost；
3, new radio frequency structure is relatively easy, and debugging difficulty reduces, and overall power also decreases, and has
Help Rb atom frequency marking miniaturization；
4, compare LC resonant tank constitute wave filter, crystal filter frequency selectivity, frequency stability,
The aspects such as intermediate zone steepness and insertion loss are the most more advantageous, have more preferable filter effect so that step frequency multiplication
Front signal is the purest stable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the functional-block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is mixer output spectrum in embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 2 first crystal wave filter output spectrum.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 2 first radio frequency amplifier output spectrum.
Fig. 5 is embodiment 2 second crystal filter output spectrum.
Fig. 6 is embodiment 2 second radio frequency amplifier output spectrum.
Wherein: 1-VCXO；2-single-chip microcomputer；3-direct digital integrator；4-operational amplifier；5-
Frequency mixer；6-first crystal wave filter；7-the first radio frequency amplifier；8-the second crystal filter；9-second penetrates
Audio amplifier；10-step-recovery diode.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment 1:
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of rubidium frequency standards radio circuit, including VCXO 1 (VCXO),
Single-chip microcomputer 2, direct digital integrator 3 (DDS), operational amplifier 4, frequency mixer 5, first crystal filter
Device the 6, first radio frequency amplifier the 7, second crystal filter the 8, second radio frequency amplifier 9 and step are recovered
Diode 10 (SRD).VCXO 1 is connected with direct digital integrator 2, frequency mixer 5 respectively；
Single-chip microcomputer 2 is connected with direct digital integrator 3；Direct digital integrator 3 respectively with VCXO 1,
Single-chip microcomputer 2, operational amplifier 4 are connected；Operational amplifier 4 respectively with direct digital integrator 3, frequency mixer
5 are connected；Frequency mixer 5 respectively with VCXO 1, operational amplifier 4, first crystal wave filter 6
It is connected；First crystal wave filter 6 is connected with frequency mixer the 5, first radio frequency amplifier 7 respectively；First radio frequency is put
Big device 7 is connected with first crystal wave filter the 6, second crystal filter 8 respectively；Second crystal filter 8 points
It is not connected with first radio frequency amplifier the 7, second radio frequency amplifier 9；Second radio frequency amplifier 9 is respectively with second
Crystal filter 8, step-recovery diode 10 are connected.
The crystal oscillator oscillator signal (10Mhz) of VCXO 1 output is divided into three tunnels, and the first via is directly made
Exporting for rubidium clock, the second tunnel and direct digital integrator 3 are connected to it and provide reference frequency, the 3rd tunnel and mixing
Device 5 is connected and is mixed, and single-chip microcomputer 2 is connected with direct digital integrator 3 and passes through SPI protocol and controls directly
Digital synthesizer output frequency is 70KHz ± 13Hz band modulated signal, the outfan of direct digital integrator 3 with
Operational amplifier 4 input is connected to amplify 70KHz ± 13Hz band modulated signal, through operational amplifier 4
The crystal oscillator oscillator signal that the 70KHz ± 13Hz band modulated signal amplified and VCXO 1 export is input to
Frequency mixer 5 carries out being mixed realizing the output of 89.93MHz ± 13Hz band modulated signal, frequency mixer 5 outfan with
First crystal wave filter 6 input is connected with filtering clutter, first crystal wave filter 6 outfan and the first radio frequency
Amplifier 6 input is connected to amplify selected frequencies, the first radio frequency amplifier 6 outfan and the second crystal filter
Device 7 input is connected to further filter out clutter, the second crystal filter 7 outfan and the second radio frequency amplifier
8 inputs are connected and again amplify selected signal, the second radio frequency amplifier 8 outfan and step-recovery diode 10
Input is connected, thus is converted into by 89.93MHz ± 13Hz narrow band signal that the second radio frequency amplifier 8 exports
6834.6875MHz ± 1KHz microwave interrogation signals exports, and step-recovery diode 10 outfan is connected to
Rubidium atomic frequency standard microwave cavity resonator inspires quantum leap signal.
Embodiment 2:
VCXO 1 selects 10Mhz crystal oscillator.
The STM32F103CBT6 of ST company selected by single-chip microcomputer 2；STM32F103CBT6 enhancement mode series uses
High performanceCortexTMThe RISC kernel of-M3 32, operating frequency is 72MHz, and built-in high speed is deposited
Reservoir (flash memory of up to 128K byte and the SRAM of 20K byte), abundant enhancing I/O port (32)
With the peripheral hardware being connected to two APB buses.Comprise the ADC of 2 12,3 general 16 bit timings simultaneously
Device and 1 PWM intervalometer, also comprise standard and advanced communication interface: up to 2 I2C interfaces and SPI
Interface, 3 USART interfaces, a USB interface and a CAN interface.
Direct digital integrator 3 selects the AD9832 of ADI company；AD9832 is the novel direct number of ADI company
Word synthesizer, maximum clock can reach 25MHz, can the maximum stable frequency signal exporting 10MHz.
AD9832 provides Sin look-up table integrated 10 DAC in sheet, and power only has 200mW.AD9832 has two
Individual frequency control register, it is achieved FSK is very easy to, its frequency conversion speed is fast, and integrated level is high, user
The most flexible.AD9832 amplitude output signal is typically between-10dBm to 0dBm, with its output signal frequency
And physical circuit configuration is relevant.
Operational amplifier 4 selects the OP37 of ADI company；OP37 is a high-speed low-noise fortune of ADI company
Calculating amplifier, offset voltage as little as 25uV, maximum drift is 0.6uV/ DEG C, and therefore OP37 is precision instrument instrument
The choosing of the ideal of table application.OP37 slew rate is 17V/us, and gain bandwidth product 63MHz has 1800000 simultaneously
High open-loop gain, common mode rejection ratio is 126dB.Output stage has good load driving force.Due to directly
Connecing the least being not enough to of digital synthesizer AD9832 output signal drives frequency mixer to be mixed, through OP37 side
Frequency mixer can be driven after method.
The SN74LVC1G11 of TI company selected by frequency mixer 5；SN74LVC1G11 is single three inputs of TI company
With door, supply voltage is the most permissible in the range of 1.65V to 5.5V, putting high level voltage, input low level
Voltage is relevant with supply voltage, such as under 5V electric power thus supplied, putting high level voltage is 3.5V, inputs low electricity
Ordinary telegram pressure is too low for 1.5V, AD9832 output voltage, it is impossible to drive SN74LVC1G11, so entering mixing
First with OP37, AD9832 output signal is amplified before device.
Shenzhen Kerma (unit of kinetic energy) communication common carrier selected by first crystal wave filter 6 and the second crystal filter 8
MCF89M93A；MCF89M93A is the 89.93MHz crystal filter that Shenzhen Kerma (unit of kinetic energy) communication common carrier produces.
Quartz-crystal filter refers to the quartz-crystal filter made with quartz material, plays the effect of filtering, has steady
Fixed, the feature that interference free performance is good.MCF89M93A nominal frequency is 89.930MHz, three dB bandwidth is ±
5KHz, 40dB carry a width of ± 25KHz, and passband fluctuation is less than 1dB, and insertion loss is less than 4dB, stopband attenuation
40dB, insulation resistance is more than 500M Ω/DC 100V.
The ERA-8SM of Mini-Circuits company selected by first radio frequency amplifier 7；ERA-8SM is
The miniature microwave amplifier of a wide bandwidth of Mini-Circuits company, its operating frequency can from direct current to 8GHz,
Gain and P1dB are relevant to operating frequency.When operating frequency is 2GHz, its gain is 17dB, P1dB
Representative value is 12.5dBm.
The SXB-2089Z of RFMD company selected by second radio frequency amplifier 9；SXB-2089Z is RFMD company
A high linearity HBT amplifier, its operating frequency is from 5MHz to 2500MHZ.Defeated
Go out third order intermodulation point, P1dB and gain relevant with operating frequency.When operating frequency is 450MHz, little
Signal gain representative value be 25dB, P1dB representative value be 24dBm, third order intermodulation point is 40dBm, noise system
Number is 4.9dB.
Step-recovery diode 10 selects the MP4022 of MPLUS company.
Other are same as in Example 1.
Mixer output spectrum is as shown in Figure 2, it is seen that 89.93MHz signal amplitude-18.19dBm, and mixing is produced
The side frequency signal amplitude of raw interval 70KHz is the biggest.
First crystal wave filter 6 output spectrum is about 7.5dB as it is shown on figure 3,89.93MHz signal amplitude decays,
Side frequency harmonic attenuation is more than 30dB.
First radio frequency amplifier 7 output spectrum as shown in Figure 4, the first radio frequency amplifier 7 to 89.93MHz and
Its side frequency all achieves amplification about 32dB.
Second crystal filter 8 output spectrum is as it is shown in figure 5,89.93MHz signal is due to crystal filter
Insertion loss decay about 5dB, and side frequency harmonic wave is suppressed further, generally less 50dB than 89.93MHz
Above.
Second radio frequency amplifier 9 output spectrum as shown in Figure 6, the second radio frequency amplifier to 89.93MHz and
Side frequency is all exaggerated about 17dB.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to present invention spirit explanation for example.Skill belonging to the present invention
Described specific embodiment can be made various amendment or supplements or use by the technical staff in art field
Similar mode substitutes, but without departing from the spirit of the present invention or surmount defined in appended claims
Scope.
Claims (1)
1. a rubidium frequency standards radio circuit, including VCXO (1), it is characterised in that
VCXO (1) exports crystal oscillator oscillator signal respectively to direct digital integrator (3) and frequency mixer (5),
70KHz ± 13Hz band modulated signal that direct digital integrator (3) exports is amplified through operational amplifier (4)
After be input to frequency mixer (5), frequency mixer (5) by crystal oscillator oscillator signal and amplify after 70KHz ± 13Hz band
Modulated signal exports 89.93MHz ± 13Hz band modulated signal after being mixed, and 89.93MHz ± 13Hz band is modulated
Signal sequentially passes through first crystal wave filter (6), the first radio frequency amplifier (7), the second crystal filter (8)
Obtaining 89.93MHz ± 13Hz narrow band signal with after the second radio frequency amplifier (9), 89.93MHz ± 13Hz is narrow
Band signal obtains 6834.6875MHz ± 1KHz microwave interrogation signals after step-recovery diode (10).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610260125.7A CN105933003B (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2016-04-25 | A kind of rubidium frequency standards radio circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610260125.7A CN105933003B (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2016-04-25 | A kind of rubidium frequency standards radio circuit |
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| CN105933003A true CN105933003A (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| CN105933003B CN105933003B (en) | 2018-07-17 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1253332A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-17 | 朗迅科技公司 | Direct digital integrator |
| US20020125959A1 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-12 | Ken Atsumi | Rubidium atom oscillator generating a stable frequency |
| CN101626239A (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-13 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Inactive type rubidium atom frequency scale suitable for chip integration |
| CN202231699U (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-05-23 | 江汉大学 | Frequency doubling mixing circuit for rubidium atomic frequency standard and rubidium atomic frequency standard |
| CN103067002A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-04-24 | 江汉大学 | Differential microwave type atomic frequency standard system |
| CN103326718A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-25 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Radio frequency chain of rubidium frequency scale |
-
2016
- 2016-04-25 CN CN201610260125.7A patent/CN105933003B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1253332A (en) * | 1998-10-29 | 2000-05-17 | 朗迅科技公司 | Direct digital integrator |
| US20020125959A1 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-12 | Ken Atsumi | Rubidium atom oscillator generating a stable frequency |
| CN101626239A (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-13 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Inactive type rubidium atom frequency scale suitable for chip integration |
| CN202231699U (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2012-05-23 | 江汉大学 | Frequency doubling mixing circuit for rubidium atomic frequency standard and rubidium atomic frequency standard |
| CN103067002A (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2013-04-24 | 江汉大学 | Differential microwave type atomic frequency standard system |
| CN103326718A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-09-25 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Radio frequency chain of rubidium frequency scale |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN105933003B (en) | 2018-07-17 |
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Effective date of registration: 20181210 Address after: 430071 No. 34 Xiaohongshan Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Patentee after: Wuhan Zhongke Kunde Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 430071 Xiaohong Shanxi 30, Wuhan, Hubei Patentee before: Wuhan Inst. of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences |