CN105928381B - A kind of rapid-cooling heat exchanger of spray apertures variable density - Google Patents

A kind of rapid-cooling heat exchanger of spray apertures variable density Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105928381B
CN105928381B CN201610275904.4A CN201610275904A CN105928381B CN 105928381 B CN105928381 B CN 105928381B CN 201610275904 A CN201610275904 A CN 201610275904A CN 105928381 B CN105928381 B CN 105928381B
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ring
housing
chilling
inner cavity
spray apertures
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CN105928381A (en
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赵炜
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Foshan Zhunda Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
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Jiangsu Intelligent Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28CHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • F28C3/08Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour with change of state, e.g. absorption, evaporation, condensation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D47/00Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/06Spray cleaning
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40Acidic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/06Spray nozzles or spray pipes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of rapid-cooling heat exchanger of cooled flue gas, including housing, chilling ring, dash ring flat-plate, two level quenching apparatus, the chilling ring, dash ring flat-plate, two level quenching apparatus are arranged in housing, flue gas enters from heat exchanger entrance, multiple spray apertures are set by chilling ring, dash ring flat-plate, on the cold ring of two level quenching apparatus successively, along upward from Quench annular space, the aperture of the spray apertures is less and less.Setting of the invention by the aperture above and below spray apertures, realize the optimum efficiency of heat exchange.

Description

A kind of rapid-cooling heat exchanger of spray apertures variable density
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of heat exchangers, more particularly to the literary formula chilling of a kind of flue gas and water direct contact heat-exchanging to exchange heat Device.Present invention is mainly applied to the CIU of danger wastes containing halogen.
Background technology
With the development of chemical industry, the chemical products production capacity containing halogen is drastically amplified, and environmental issue increasingly highlights, Caused waste gas in its production process, waste liquid contain the extremely active halogen organic matter of a large amount of chemical property.Burn such Discarded object must assure that the dioxin in flue gas after purification meets state environmental emissioning standard, chilling can be set to fill in technological process Put, prevent the regeneration of bioxin, generally face away from the regeneration temperature range of bioxin, by flue-gas temperature from 500 DEG C of rapid drawdowns to 200℃.But it is more than 5% or the less dangerous waste CIU of flue gas for halogen element content in discarded object, it is impossible to utilize waste heat recovery Device reclaims heat, and 1100 DEG C of high-temperature flue gas after burning can not directly be cooled to less than 200 DEG C, existing quencher structure without Method realizes the technological requirement.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes that a kind of such cigarette temperature that is applied to is high, and complicated component CIU quenching apparatus can be by flue-gas temperature Below from the direct rapid drawdown of 1400 DEG C or more of high-temperature flue gas to 100 DEG C of water-vapo(u)r saturation temperature, the regeneration temperature of bioxin is avoided Section is spent, suppresses the generation of bioxin, while the effective corrosive gas absorbed in flue gas, and effectively in trapping flue gas Solid particle.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of rapid-cooling heat exchanger of cooled flue gas, including chilling housing, chilling ring, dash ring flat-plate, two level quenching apparatus, institute Chilling ring is stated, dash ring flat-plate, two level quenching apparatus are arranged in housing, and flue gas enters from heat exchanger entrance, successively by Quench Ring, dash ring flat-plate, two level quenching apparatus.
Preferably, the housing includes converging transition and divergent segment, converging transition is connected with divergent segment by trunnion section;It is described Flue gas enters from converging transition, first passes through after converging transition again by divergent segment, chilling ring is set in the smoke inlet position of converging transition.
Preferably, the chilling ring is hollow ring body structure, the chilling ring includes interior ring cavity and outer ring cavity, the shell In body insertion chilling ring, the interior ring cavity includes shell and internal partition.The internal partition and housing form inner cavity chamber, internal partition with The cavity that chilling ring shell, housing are formed is outer ring cavity, and interior ring cavity and outer ring cavity form annular along housing respectively, and mutually interconnect It is logical.
Preferably, chilling ring outlet is made up of Quench annular space and spray apertures, Quench annular space be chilling ring shell and The annulus formed between housing, spray apertures are arranged on Quench shell;The annular of the inner cavity chamber and exocoel is circle Structure, and inner cavity chamber and exocoel are concentric structure;The center of circle of the inner cavity chamber and exocoel is arranged on the shell in chilling ring On body, the refrigerant inlet of described inner cavity chamber is arranged at the home position of housing;The chilling ring includes inlet, described Inlet is arranged on the outside of housing;The inlet is pipe, and the center of circle of the inner cavity chamber and exocoel is arranged on pipe On the extended line of center line.
Preferably, the shell of described chilling ring includes following four parts:It is connected with hull outside, and relative to shell The Part I that body stretches out, the Part II then extended straight up since the Part I end away from housing, The Part III to be extended internally then along Part II end horizontal, is finally the Part IV of loop configuration, the described 4th Part forms annulus with enclosure;
The position and the distance in the center of circle that described Part I is connected with housing are greater than Part IV and formed with housing Annular space and the center of circle distance;
One end of the internal partition of described inner cavity chamber is connected to the end of housing, and the other end is connected on housing, inside every The distance of ring cavity outlet in being set on plate, the interior ring cavity outlet and internal partition one end be greater than with the other end of internal partition away from From;The Part IV of described exocoel sets outer ring cavity outlet.
Preferably, the angle of described housing and the Part I of chilling ring shell is A, the annular of described inner cavity chamber Radius is R1, and the annular radius of exocoel is R2, the outlet of described inner cavity chamber and line and the exocoel outlet in the center of circle and the center of circle Line formed angle be C, described inner cavity chamber outlet with housing formed included angle B, the included angle B be less than exocoel outlet The angle formed with housing;Meet equation below:
Sin(A)/Sin(B)=a*Ln(R1/R2)+b*(R1/R2)+c
Wherein Ln is exponential function, and a, b, c is coefficient,
0.084<a<0.086,0.23<b<0.26,
For c, following value mode is taken:
Work as R1/R2<0.5, 0.83<c<0.9;
Work as R1/R2>0.5,0.78<c<0.83;
When R1/R2=0.5, c=0.83;
0.4<R1/R2<0.6;
18°<A<50°;
14°<B<45°;
R1=10 ~ 300, unit mm;
R2=12.5 ~ 400, unit mm;
C=B
Preferably, set multiple spray apertures on quenching ring, along upward from Quench annular space, the aperture of the spray apertures is got over Come smaller;Preferably, the amplitude that the aperture of the spray apertures diminishes is also increasing.
Preferably, set multiple spray apertures on quenching ring, along upward from Quench annular space, the distribution of the spray apertures is close Spend less and less;Preferably, the amplitude that the distribution density of the spray apertures diminishes is also increasing.
Preferably, two level quenching apparatus is by guiding coil pipe, the atomizer being distributed along guiding coil pipe and is arranged on The center atomizer composition of positioning disk tube hub, the atomizer are connected with being oriented to coil pipe and to guiding coil pipe centers Extension, described center atomizer are connected by communicating pipe with being oriented to coil pipe, guiding coil pipe so as to by communicating pipe by fluid Pass to center atomizer.
Preferably, described dash ring flat-plate is arranged between quenching ring and two level quenching apparatus, dash ring flat-plate and housing Inwall be connected and stretch out from inwall.
First there is following effect for prior art, the present invention:
, can quickly, uniformly, efficiently with a large amount of circulation alkali liquors and smoke contacts, vaporization 1. the present invention is cooled down using two level Ground reduces flue-gas temperature.
2. the present invention quickly cools down by using two level, the regeneration temperature range of bioxin is avoided, can will be up to Below 1400 DEG C or more of the direct rapid drawdown of high-temperature flue gas to 100 DEG C of water-vapo(u)r saturation temperature, while in effective absorption flue gas Corrosive gas, and the solid particle effectively in trapping flue gas.
3. the present invention optimizes by designing new chilling ring structure, and to chilling ring structure, it is determined that optimal knot Structure size, so as to the cooling effect being optimal.
4. by the aperture above and below spray apertures or the setting of density, the optimum efficiency of heat exchange is realized.
5. the flow of circulation alkali liquor is controlled by monitor value.
6. taking new two level cooling device structure, secondary heat exchange is realized.
7. heat exchanger is taken into literary formula structure, accelerate flue gas flow rate, low pressure is produced near swiftly flowing flue gas, so as to Suction-operated is produced, strengthens the disturbance of flue gas and fogged lye, increases the contact area of alkali lye and flue gas, makes flue gas extremely short Time in reach uniform with fogged lye and mix.
8. by two level cooling device structure spray quantity setting or spray nozzle quantity setting, realize two level Exchange heat optimum efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is literary formula quencher total figure structure chart provided by the invention
Fig. 2 is one-level quenching apparatus schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is two level quenching apparatus schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is Fig. 2 parameter schematic diagram
Description of reference numerals:1- high-temperature flue gas entries;2- chilling rings;3- dash ring flat-plates;4- two level quenching apparatus;5- chillings Housing;6- exhanst gas outlets;7- circulation alkali liquors export;8- is oriented to coil pipe;9- coil inlets;10- atomizers;11- centers are atomized Nozzle;12- chilling ring housings;13- internal partitions;14- spray holes;Ring cavity exports in 15-;16- Quench annular spaces;The outer ring cavities of 17-; Ring cavity in 18-;Ring cavity entrance in 19-;20- chilling ring entrances;21- venturi mixing chambers;22- separation chambers;23- tanks;24- is gradually Contracting section;25- trunnion sections, 26- divergent segments;27 Part I, 28 Part II, 29 Part III, 30 Part IV, 31 connections Pipe.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the overall profile of rapid-cooling heat exchanger.As shown in figure 1, the rapid-cooling heat exchanger includes housing 5, institute Stating housing 5 includes converging transition 24 and divergent segment 26, and converging transition 24 and divergent segment 26 are connected by trunnion section 25;The flue gas is from gradually Contracting section 24 enters, and first passes through after converging transition 24 again by divergent segment 26, chilling ring is set in the position of smoke inlet 1 of converging transition 24 2。
As shown in Fig. 2 the chilling ring 2 is hollow ring body structure.The chilling ring 2 includes interior ring cavity 18 and outer ring cavity 17, the housing 5 is inserted in chilling ring 2, as shown in Fig. 2 the chilling ring 2 includes shell 12 and internal partition 13.It is described in every Plate 13 forms inner cavity chamber 18 with housing 5, and the cavity that internal partition 13 is formed with chilling ring shell 12, housing 5 is outer ring cavity 17.Inner ring Chamber 18 and outer ring cavity 17 form annular along housing 5 respectively, and are interconnected.
Ring cavity 18 in being set inside chilling ring, effectively avoids outer ring cavity from being disturbed caused by spray apertures, so as to strengthen Quench Annular space 16 forms the stability of moisture film.
The chilling ring 2 exports to be made up of Quench annular space 16 and spray apertures 14.Quench annular space 16 is the He of chilling ring shell 12 The annulus formed between chilling housing 5.Spray apertures 14 are arranged on Quench shell 12.
Because the presence of Quench annular space 16 so that the liquid of cooled flue gas forms the moisture film uniformly declined in inner walls, Avoid high-temperature flue gas from directly being contacted with chilling housing 5, be effectively protected chilling housing 5.
Preferably, the injection direction of spray apertures 14 and converging transition center line, i.e., be 75 ° along Fig. 1 vertical direction angles.
From section, as shown in Fig. 2 the annular of the inner cavity chamber 18 and exocoel 17 is circular configuration, and inner cavity chamber 18 and exocoel 17 be concentric structure.
Preferably, the center of circle of the inner cavity chamber 18 and exocoel 17 is arranged on the housing 5 in chilling ring 12, Er Qiezuo To be preferred, the refrigerant inlet 19 of described inner cavity chamber 18 is arranged at the home position of housing 5.By being arranged such, pass through Experiment is found, can be greatly reduced the resistance of cooling liquid flowing, be improved the coefficient of heat transfer.
The chilling ring includes inlet 20, and the inlet 20 is arranged on the outside of housing 5.The inlet is circle On the extended line for the center line that the center of circle of pipe, the inner cavity chamber 18 and exocoel 17 is arranged on pipe.
By being arranged such, it is found through experiments that, relative to other designs, it is possible to reduce the resistance of cooling liquid flowing, Extend the service life of equipment.
In the outside of rapid-cooling heat exchanger, the shell of described chilling ring includes following four parts:With connecting outside housing 5 Connect, and the Part I 27 to stretch out relative to housing 5, it is then vertical since the end of Part I 27 away from housing 5 The Part II 28 upwardly extended, the Part III 29 to be extended internally then along the end horizontal of Part II 28, it is finally ring The Part IV 30 of shape structure, the Part IV 30 are internally formed annulus 16 with shell 5.
Preferably, position and the distance in the center of circle that described Part I 27 is connected with housing 5 are greater than the 4th Divide 30 and the annular spaces 16 that housing 5 is formed and the distance in the center of circle.
One end of the internal partition 13 of described inner cavity chamber 18 is connected to the end of housing 5, and the other end is connected on housing 5. Ring cavity outlet 15 in being set on internal partition 13.The distance of the interior ring cavity outlet 15 and the one end of internal partition 13 be greater than with it is interior every The distance of the other end of plate 13.It is positioned close to the opening position of the other end of internal partition 13, the Part IV of described exocoel 17 30 set outer ring cavity outlet 14.
Preferably, the included angle B that described inner cavity chamber outlet 15 is formed with housing 5 is less than exocoel outlet(Spray Hole 14)The angle formed with housing 5.Pass through above-mentioned setting, it is meant that the outlet of inner cavity chamber is closer to housing 5, it is meant that exocoel The outlet of room is higher than the outlet of inner cavity chamber.By above-mentioned setting, the space of inner cavity chamber 17 can be caused to become big, buffered from entrance The impact of 20 fluids entered, reduce the resistance of inner cavity chamber.
Preferably, the extended line of the center line of inner cavity chamber outlet 15 passes through the center of circle.Preferably, the center of spray apertures 14 The extended line of line passes through the center of circle.
The angle of described housing 5 and the Part I of chilling ring shell is A, and the annular radius of described inner cavity chamber 18 is R1, the annular radius of exocoel 17 is R2, the outlet of described inner cavity chamber and the line and spray apertures 14 in the center of circle and the line in the center of circle The angle of formation is C, i.e. the angle that the line of exocoel outlet and the center of circle is formed with housing 5 is B+C.It is found through experiments that, half Footpath R1 is excessive, and R2 is too small, causes the flow resistance in exocoel 18 too big, and inner cavity chamber's flow resistance is too small, causes fluid to lead to Cross that spray apertures outwards spray away from too far away, cause heat transfer effect poor, and R1 is too small, R2 is excessive, then can cause inner chamber chamber pressure Excessive, and exocoel chamber pressure is too small, it is too near to again result in jet length, causes heat transfer effect too poor.For included angle A, together Sample can not be excessive, if excessive, causes the spray angle of inlet 20 too inclined, cause into inner cavity chamber fluid very little, and A large amount of fluids can be caused to overstock between the housing 5 and Part I of exocoel 17, add resistance, equally, for included angle B Need to meet certain requirement, if B is too small, substantial amounts of fluid can go out along chilling ring clearance flow, influence to exchange heat, if mistake Greatly, then cause inner chamber room pressure excessive, the fluid outflow of inner cavity chamber is difficult.For angle C, if too small, cause fluid Injection downwards, rather than to central-injection, if excessive, cause exocoel fluid resistance excessive, cause fluid injection distance It is too near.Therefore R1, R2, included angle A, B, C need to meet some requirements, and are optimal its heat transfer effect.
Therefore, the present invention is the optimal quenching ring summed up by the test data of multiple various sizes of quenching rings Size relationship.Because quenching ring also has the variables such as angle, radius, therefore, characteristic sin (A), sin (B), R1/R2 are introduced, From the optimum efficiency of cooling high temperature flue gas, diversified forms are calculated, best relation formula is finally determined.Described size is closed System is as follows:
Sin(A)/Sin(B)=a*Ln(R1/R2)+b*(R1/R2)+c
Wherein Ln is exponential function, and a, b, c is coefficient,
0.084<a<0.086,0.23<b<0.26,
For c, following value mode is taken:
Work as R1/R2<0.5, 0.83<c<0.9;
Work as R1/R2>0.5,0.78<c<0.83;
When R1/R2=0.5, c=0.83;
0.4<R1/R2<0.6;
18°<A<50°;
14°<B<45°;
R1=10 ~ 300, unit mm;
R2=12.5 ~ 400, unit mm;
C=B
By being tested again after result of calculation, by calculating the numerical value on border and median, the result of gained is basic Upper to be matched with formula, error is substantially within 3%, and maximum relative error is no more than 5%, and mean error is 2.2%.
Preferably, 100mm<R1<200mm, 170mm<R2<350mm;
Further preferably, 130mm<R1<170mm, 210mm<R2<340mm;
Further preferably, 140mm<R1<160mm, 240mm<R2<300mm;
Coefficient optimization optimum be:A is 0.085, b 0.245, works as R1/R2<0.5, c=0.85, work as R1/R2> 0.5, c=0.81。
Preferably, as R1/R2 increase, c are less and less.By the change for setting c so that the error of calculating is more It is small.
The parameters of structural dimension do not mentioned for others, designed using the standard of routine.
Preferably, set from Quench annular space 16 to Part III and Part IV link position, on Part IV 30 more Individual spray apertures 15.Certainly, Fig. 2 show only one, but be not limited to Fig. 2 schematic diagram.From Quench annular space 16 to the 3rd Divide and Part IV link position, the aperture of the spray apertures 15 are less and less.Main cause is on the one hand to ensure cooling liquid Distribution, enough fluid pressures can be obtained by ensureing the spray apertures on top, ensured spraying effect, on the other hand, mainly examined Consider heat transfer effect.It is found through experiments that, is arranged such, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide heat exchange amount 20% or so.Main cause is changed similar to shell-and-tube The adverse current of hot device, when following current, heat exchange amount is maximum at entry position, but final heat exchange amount but diminishes, and adverse current is changed Heat, the heat exchange amount of whole heat transfer process is all than more uniform, therefore the present invention uses such a strategy, similar to countercurrent flow, ensures Maximum heat transfer effect.
Preferably, the amplitude that the aperture of the spray apertures 15 diminishes is also increasing.By being arranged such, pass through experiment It was found that heat transfer effect improves 5% or so relative to being uniformly arranged.
Preferably, set from Quench annular space 16 to Part III and Part IV link position, on Part IV 30 more Individual spray apertures 15.Certainly, Fig. 2 show only one, but be not limited to Fig. 2 schematic diagram.From Quench annular space 16 to the 3rd Divide and Part IV link position, the distribution density of the spray apertures 15 are less and less.Main cause is on the one hand to ensure cooling The distribution of liquid, enough fluid pressures can be obtained by ensureing the spray apertures on top, ensure spraying effect, on the other hand, mainly It is to consider heat transfer effect.It is found through experiments that, is arranged such, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide heat exchange amount 20% or so.Main cause is similar to shell The adverse current of formula heat exchanger, when following current, heat exchange amount is maximum at entry position, but final heat exchange amount but diminishes, and inverse Stream heat exchange, the heat exchange amount of whole heat transfer process is all than more uniform, therefore the present invention uses such a strategy, similar to countercurrent flow, Ensure maximum heat transfer effect.
Preferably, the amplitude that the distribution density of the spray apertures 15 diminishes is also increasing.By being arranged such, pass through Experiment finds that heat transfer effect improves 5% or so relative to being uniformly arranged.
When multiple spray apertures are set, what the angle C in formula above took is near interior ring cavity outlet 15 Spray apertures and interior ring cavity outlet 15 and the center of circle between the angle that is formed.
It should be noted that either distance is calculated with central point or center line to the angle of the line of formation herein Angle or distance.For example, what the link position of Part I 27 and housing 5 took is exactly centerline to calculate itself and the center of circle Distance, the center of circle also is located at the middle part of the wall of housing 5, and inner/outer diameter is also housing of the center of circle to inner chamber or the place of exocoel The half at middle part, i.e. thickness, for wall, calculated using the center line of the cross section of wall.That is, R1, R2 are used Be inner and outer wall average diameter.What spray apertures and the outlet of interior ring cavity were taken is the axis of empty central point, i.e. Fig. 4 positions With the intersection point of the line at the midpoint on upper and lower both sides.
Preferably, included angle B, C take be spray apertures and interior ring cavity outlet center line, as shown in Figure 4.Namely Say, preferably, the extended line of spray apertures and the center line of interior ring cavity outlet is by the center of circle.
The rapid-cooling heat exchanger of the present invention includes two-stage quenching apparatus.Quenching ring 2 as previously described, belong to first order urgency Device for cooling.
As shown in figure 1, high-temperature flue gas text formula rapid-cooling heat exchanger, in addition to dash ring flat-plate 3, two level quenching apparatus 4, venturi Blender 21, separation chamber 22 and tank 23.
Two level quenching apparatus is arranged on downstream, i.e. flue gas first passes through quenching ring 2, then passes through two level quenching apparatus again.
As shown in figure 3, two level quenching apparatus 4 is by guiding coil pipe 8, the atomizer 10 being distributed along guiding coil pipe and set The center atomizer 11 put in positioning disk tube hub forms.The atomizer 10 is connected and from positioning disk with being oriented to coil pipe Pipe 8 is connected to the extension of the center of coil pipe 8, described center atomizer 11 is oriented to by communicating pipe 31 with being oriented to coil pipe 8, positioning disk Fluid is passed to center atomizer by pipe 8 will pass through communicating pipe 31.
Preferably, the fluid of cooled flue gas is alkali lye.During circulation alkali liquor is smoke contacts, gasification, can have Effect absorbs the sour gas in flue gas.
The alkali lye of two level quenching apparatus 4 is uniformly distributed alkali lye to each atomizing lance by guiding coil pipe 8, is sprayed through atomization Alkali lye after mouth 10-11 atomizations sprays into the converging transition of venturi mixing chamber 21, enters with the flue gas after the cooling of one-level quenching apparatus 2 One step mixes.
Chilling is carried out to flue gas by classification, high-temperature flue gas carries out two after 2 preliminary desuperheat of chilling ring, then by atomizer Level cooling, the stability of intensifier.
Atomizer is arranged at gas approach, is set in literary formula quencher converging transition and is oriented to coil pipe 8, makes atomizer 10 It is uniformly distributed, and is provided with center atomizer 11, exhaust gases passes can be completely covered in fogged lye, avoid too high pair of local temperature from setting It is standby to cause to damage.
Further preferably, the edge is oriented to the quantity of 8 atomizer of coiled tube arrangements 10 as the even number not less than 4, and uniformly, Liquidate arrangement.
Preferably, described dash ring flat-plate 3 is arranged between quenching ring 2 and two level quenching apparatus 4, dash ring flat-plate 3 with The inwall of housing 5 is connected and stretched out from inwall.
Dash ring flat-plate 3 is provided with above atomizer, the moisture film of inner walls is changed through dash ring flat-plate and flows to, sprayed in atomization Mouth upper surface forms continuous moisture film, effectively prevent high-temperature flue gas atomizer is washed away and caused by damage.
Preferably, along flow of flue gas direction, multiple two level quenching apparatus 4 can be set.Preferably, along flue gas Flow direction, the quantity of atomizer 10 gradually increases in two level quenching apparatus 4.Preferably, gradually increased amplitude is more next It is bigger.Main cause is similar to the setting of spray apertures 14, is just not described further.It is found through experiments that, by above-mentioned setting, 15%-20% heat exchange amount can be improved.
Preferably, along flow of flue gas direction, multiple two level quenching apparatus 4 can be set.Preferably, along flue gas Flow direction, the spray amount of atomizer 10 gradually increases in two level quenching apparatus 4.Preferably, gradually increased amplitude is got over Come bigger.Main cause is similar to the setting of spray apertures 14, is just not described further.It is found through experiments that, is set by above-mentioned Put, 15%-20% heat exchange amount can be improved.
Using the present invention so that more than 1100 DEG C of high-temperature flue gas enters quencher from top to bottom, by smoke inlet 1, according to It is secondary directly to contact, vaporize with the circulation alkali liquor after atomization by one-level quenching apparatus 2 and two level quenching apparatus 4, high-temperature flue gas, hair Raw heat transfer and mass transfer, are rapidly decreased to 81 DEG C of water-vapo(u)r saturation temperature by high-temperature flue gas, are discharged by the exhanst gas outlet 6 of separation chamber 23.
The present invention with a large amount of circulation alkali liquors and smoke contacts, vaporization, can quickly, it is uniform, efficiently reduce flue-gas temperature.
Present invention obviates the regeneration temperature range of bioxin, it is direct that 1400 DEG C or more of high-temperature flue gas can be will be up to It is down to water-vapo(u)r saturation temperature.
Preferably, quenching ring 2, housing 5, two level quenching apparatus 4 all use Hastelloy C alloys -276, enclosure interior can not be set Refractory material is put, reduces the volume of equipment.
Venturi quencher is combined as a whole with tank, reduces the floor space of equipment.
Preferably, the converging transition 24 and divergent segment 26 are round table-like, trunnion section 25 is converging transition 24 and divergent segment Connecting portion between 26.
Preferably, the bottom of divergent segment 26 sets separation chamber 22 and tank 23, exhanst gas outlet to be arranged on the separation The lower end of room 22.
Flue gas flow rate from the coarse to fine, is accelerated, swiftly flowing by converging transition, sectional area with alkali lye mixed flue gas Flue gas nearby produces low pressure, so as to produce suction-operated, strengthens the disturbance of flue gas and fogged lye, increases alkali lye and flue gas Contact area, flue gas is reached uniform with fogged lye within the extremely short time and mix.
The temperature of circulation alkali liquor and the flue-gas temperature of exhanst gas outlet are essentially identical, and circulation alkali liquid measure is far longer than high-temperature flue gas Alkali lye amount needed for cooling, makes flue gas to be contacted within the regular hour with more fogged lyes, substantially reduces flue gas With fogged lye heat transfer, the time of mass transfer.
Flue gas after cooling can carry substantial amounts of steam, and the steam being carried takes literary formula urgency out of with flue gas through exhanst gas outlet 6 Cooler, cause quantity of circulating water gradually to reduce, therefore industry water moisturizing is set, by the Liquid level rate of water make-up of tank 23.
During chilling, most of sour gas in flue gas is absorbed by circulation alkali liquor, and the pH value of circulation fluid reduces, Regular discharge opeing is needed, to reduce the concentration of sour gas in circulation alkali liquor, and by the increment of pH value control alkali lye, to ensure to circulate Liquid is in alkaline environment.
Tank of the present invention is provided with pH value monitoring device, by measuring the pH value of alkali lye, controls the increment of 5% concentration alkali lye.
To ensure the minimum internal circulating load of alkali lye, requirement can be reached, i.e., high-temperature flue gas is down to water-vapo(u)r saturation temperature, be provided with Bunch grade adjustment device, temperature monitor is set in exhanst gas outlet respectively, flow detector is set on pipeloop, for adjusting The internal circulating load of alkali lye.When temperature is too high or cooling water flow is too low, the flow of alkali lye can be cooled down by increasing, to protect downstream Equipment.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this.Any art technology Personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it can make various changes or modifications, therefore protection scope of the present invention should It is defined when by claim limited range.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of rapid-cooling heat exchanger of cooled flue gas, including housing, chilling ring, dash ring flat-plate, two level quenching apparatus, the Quench Ring, dash ring flat-plate, two level quenching apparatus are arranged in housing, and flue gas enters from heat exchanger entrance, successively by chilling ring, dash Ring flat-plate, two level quenching apparatus;
The housing includes converging transition and divergent segment, and converging transition is connected with divergent segment by trunnion section;The flue gas is from converging transition Into first passing through after converging transition again by divergent segment, chilling ring set in the smoke inlet position of converging transition;
The chilling ring is hollow ring body structure, and the chilling ring includes interior ring cavity and outer ring cavity, and the housing inserts chilling ring Interior, the interior ring cavity includes shell and internal partition;The internal partition and housing formation inner cavity chamber, internal partition and chilling ring shell, The cavity that housing is formed is outer ring cavity, and interior ring cavity and outer ring cavity form annular along housing respectively, and are interconnected;
Characterized in that, set multiple spray apertures on chilling ring, along upward from Quench annular space, the aperture of the spray apertures is more next It is smaller.
2. rapid-cooling heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, along upward from Quench annular space, width that the apertures of the spray apertures diminishes Degree is also increasing.
3. rapid-cooling heat exchanger as claimed in claim 2, the chilling ring outlet is made up of Quench annular space and spray apertures, chilling ring The annulus that gap is formed between chilling ring shell and housing, spray apertures are arranged on Quench shell;The inner cavity chamber and outer The annular of chamber is circular configuration, and inner cavity chamber and exocoel are concentric structure;The center of circle of the inner cavity chamber and exocoel is set Put on the housing in chilling ring, the refrigerant inlet of described inner cavity chamber is arranged at the home position of housing;The Quench Ring includes inlet, and the inlet is arranged on the outside of housing;The inlet is pipe, the inner cavity chamber and exocoel The center of circle is arranged on the extended line of the center line of pipe.
4. rapid-cooling heat exchanger as claimed in claim 3, the shell of described chilling ring includes following four parts:With outside housing Portion connects, and the Part I to stretch out relative to housing, then since the Part I end away from housing vertically to The Part II of upper extension, the Part III to be extended internally then along Part II end horizontal, it is finally loop configuration Part IV, the Part IV form annulus with enclosure;
The position and the distance in the center of circle that described Part I is connected with housing are greater than the ring that Part IV is formed with housing Gap and the distance in the center of circle;
One end of the internal partition of described inner cavity chamber is connected to the end of housing, and the other end is connected on housing, on internal partition Ring cavity exports in setting, and the distance of the interior ring cavity outlet and internal partition one end is greater than the distance with the other end of internal partition; The Part IV of described exocoel sets outer ring cavity outlet.
5. rapid-cooling heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4, the angle of described housing and the Part I of chilling ring shell is A, The annular radius of described inner cavity chamber is R1, and the annular radius of exocoel is R2, the outlet of described inner cavity chamber and the center of circle line The angle formed with the line of exocoel outlet and the center of circle is C, and the included angle B that the outlet of described inner cavity chamber is formed with housing is described Included angle B is less than the angle that exocoel outlet is formed with housing;Meet equation below:
Sin(A)/Sin(B)=a*Ln(R1/R2)+b*(R1/R2)+c
Wherein Ln is exponential function, and a, b, c is coefficient,
0.084<a<0.086,0.23<b<0.26,
For c, following value mode is taken:
Work as R1/R2<0.5, 0.83<c<0.9;
Work as R1/R2>0.5,0.78<c<0.83;
When R1/R2=0.5, c=0.83;
0.4<R1/R2<0.6;
18°<A<50°;
14°<B<45°;
R1=10 ~ 300, unit mm;
R2=12.5 ~ 400, unit mm;
C=B。
CN201610275904.4A 2015-08-06 2015-08-06 A kind of rapid-cooling heat exchanger of spray apertures variable density Active CN105928381B (en)

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CN105043131B (en) 2016-09-28
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