CN106635182B - Chilling ring of gasification furnace - Google Patents

Chilling ring of gasification furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106635182B
CN106635182B CN201611068803.6A CN201611068803A CN106635182B CN 106635182 B CN106635182 B CN 106635182B CN 201611068803 A CN201611068803 A CN 201611068803A CN 106635182 B CN106635182 B CN 106635182B
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ring
channel
distribution
chilling
partition
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CN106635182A (en
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应永茂
王锦生
周松锐
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Dongfang Boiler Group Co Ltd
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Dongfang Boiler Group Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/82Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C10J3/845Quench rings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a chilling ring of a gasification furnace, which comprises an annular fixed plate, a channel ring, a spacer ring, an inner ring, a distribution ring and a plurality of chilling water inlet pipes, wherein the channel ring is fixed at the bottom of the annular fixed plate, and a plurality of rows of spraying holes which are arranged in a staggered manner are formed in the distribution ring; the partition ring is arranged in the middle of the channel ring and divides the channel ring into an outer channel chamber and an inner distribution chamber, the bottom of the partition ring is in butt joint with a descending pipe of the gasification furnace, the height of the partition ring is adjustable, a chilling water channel is formed between the top of the partition ring and the inner wall of the top of the channel ring, and a plurality of distance steel balls for controlling the annular gap between the partition ring and the distribution ring are arranged between the distribution ring and the partition ring; the inner ring is provided with a half-pipe structure and is fixed on the spacer ring, the inner ring is positioned in the distribution chamber, and the inner ring is provided with a plurality of liquid-communicating vent holes; a plurality of chilling water inlet pipes are arranged at the lower outer side of the channel ring and communicated with the channel chamber; a plurality of slag nails are evenly arranged on the upper surface of the inner side of the channel ring, and refractory materials are laid between the slag nails.

Description

Chilling ring of gasification furnace
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gasification furnaces, in particular to a chilling ring of a gasification furnace.
Background
The gasification furnace is a key device in the coal gasification device, and although gasification technologies of different types are different in technological process, the operation environment of the gasification furnace of the key device is poor and the gasification furnace is in a severe environment with high temperature, high pressure and high corrosion. Coal powder or coal water slurry is generated into high-temperature synthetic gas and slag at about 1500 ℃ after being incompletely combusted in a gasification chamber of the gasification furnace, and then the high-temperature synthetic gas and the slag descend into a chilling chamber, wherein the chilling chamber has the function of cooling the high-temperature synthetic gas and the slag and realizing gas-slag separation.
The boundary of the gasification chamber and the chilling chamber is a chilling ring, and the chilling ring has the functions of: firstly, rapidly cooling high-temperature synthesis gas and molten slag; and secondly, forming a water film to flow down along the downcomer and protecting the downcomer from being burnt out, so that the synthesis gas can be cooled and separated from gas and slag in a relatively closed environment. Therefore, the quality and life of the quench ring directly affects the normal operation of the gasifier.
The existing gasifier chilling ring structure is basically composed of a large forging at the outer side of a chilling ring, an outer ring pipe of the chilling ring, an inner ring pipe, a chilling liquid inlet pipe and the like. The defects of the prior art are as follows:
1. the large forging at the outer side is generally forged by a high-temperature-resistant nickel-based forging and most of the large forging requires imported forging stocks. The material purchase cycle is long, the price is expensive, the user is inconvenient to prepare parts, and the shutdown maintenance time is long.
2. The channel ring cavity forged by the large forging on the outer side is difficult to process and difficult to ensure the precision.
3. The outer ring pipe can not be integrally assembled due to the internal structure, the integrity can not be realized during processing and assembling, several sections or upper and lower two sections need to be cut for assembly welding, the assembly precision is influenced, a water film can not be formed locally even, the downcomer is damaged due to the failure of downcomer protection, and the normal operation of the gasification furnace is influenced.
4. The existing distribution ring adopts single-row small holes to be uniformly distributed, and the sprayed water flow is columnar. If the partial holes are not centered or are not completely centered during assembly, or the water flow distribution pressure of each small hole is inconsistent, a tight water curtain cannot be formed in the descending pipe, so that the mass and heat transfer exchange cannot be carried out fully.
5. The high-temperature synthetic gas and the slag directly scour the chilling ring, so that an outer ring pipe of the chilling ring is easy to scour and perforate, crack and deform, further the spraying effect cannot be achieved, a water curtain cannot be formed, a water film on a down pipe cannot be formed, and the chilling fails.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the chilling ring of the gasification furnace, which has a simple structure and is very convenient to process, install and maintain.
The invention provides a chilling ring of a gasification furnace, which comprises an annular fixed plate, a channel ring, a spacer ring, an inner ring, a distribution ring and a plurality of chilling water inlet pipes,
the channel ring is fixed at the bottom of the annular fixing plate, the distribution ring is formed by cutting a lower inner quarter ring from the channel ring and welding the lower inner quarter ring back to the channel ring again, and a plurality of rows of staggered spray holes are formed in the distribution ring;
the partition ring is arranged in the middle of the channel ring and divides the channel ring into an outer channel chamber and an inner distribution chamber, the bottom of the partition ring is in butt joint with a descending pipe of the gasification furnace, the height of the partition ring is adjustable, a chilling water channel is formed between the top of the partition ring and the inner wall of the top of the channel ring, and a plurality of distance steel balls for controlling the annular gap between the distribution ring and the partition ring are arranged between the distribution ring and the partition ring;
the inner ring is provided with a half-pipe structure and is fixed on the spacer ring, the inner ring is positioned in the distribution chamber, and a plurality of liquid through vent holes are formed in the inner ring;
the plurality of chilling water inlet pipes are arranged at the lower outer side of the channel ring and are communicated with the channel chamber;
wherein, a plurality of slag nails are evenly arranged on the upper surface of the inner side of the channel ring, and refractory materials are laid among the slag nails.
According to one embodiment of the gasifier quench ring, the annular fixed plate is integrally machined from an annular steel plate.
According to one embodiment of the gasifier quench ring, the channel ring and the distribution ring are formed by bending an integral steel pipe to be round and welded into an integral ring, machining spray holes after stress is eliminated, integrally cutting the distribution ring after the spray holes are machined, and then welding.
According to one embodiment of the chilling ring of the gasification furnace, the distribution ring is provided with three rows of staggered spraying holes, the number of the spraying holes in each row of the spraying holes is equal, and the spraying holes are conical holes with large inside and small outside.
According to one embodiment of the chilling ring of the gasification furnace, the included angles between the central line of the three rows of spraying holes and the generatrix of the downcomer of the gasification furnace are respectively 80 degrees, 65 degrees and 45 degrees.
According to one embodiment of the gasifier quench ring of the present invention, the slag nails are cylindrical slag nails and the refractory material is a silicon carbide refractory material.
According to one embodiment of the chilling ring of the gasification furnace, the slag nails are distributed at intervals of 25-30 mm.
According to one embodiment of the gasifier quench ring, the number of the quench water inlet pipes is 4-6, and the diameter of the quench water inlet pipes is 80-100 mm.
According to one embodiment of the gasifier quench ring of the present invention, the inner diameter of the spacer ring is equal to the inner diameter of the downcomer of the gasifier.
Compared with the existing gasifier quench ring, the gasifier quench ring has the following advantages:
1. the material is formed by assembling and welding plate pipes, has low cost, is easy to prepare materials, is simple to process, has short maintenance and replacement period and saves the maintenance and blowing-out time.
2. The channel ring and the distribution ring are machined from an integral ring tube machine, assembly is simple and accuracy is easily ensured.
3. The spray holes on the distribution ring are uniformly distributed with tapered holes and are arranged in a staggered manner, so that an atomized water curtain is favorably formed, the atomized water curtain can fully exchange heat with high-temperature synthesis gas, and the high-temperature synthesis gas and the molten slag are effectively and quickly cooled.
4. The inner side of the channel ring is laid with refractory materials and forms a protective layer by adhering slag in the operation process, so that the chilling ring can be prevented from being directly washed by high-temperature synthetic gas, the chilling ring is effectively protected, and the service life of the chilling ring is prolonged.
5. The two chambers integrally formed by the channel ring and the distribution ring have smooth surfaces and are in streamline structures, and water films formed on the inner wall of the downcomer are uniform, so that the local part of the downcomer is not protected by the water films, and the downcomer is damaged by dry burning.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a gasifier quench ring in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2A shows an arrangement of spray holes onbase:Sub>A distribution ring inbase:Sub>A gasifier quench ring, and FIG. 2B shows view A-A of FIG. 2A, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-annular fixed plate, 2-channel ring, 3-spacer ring, 4-inner ring, 5-distribution ring, 6-chilling water inlet pipe, 7-spacing steel ball, 8-slag nail, 9-spray hole, 10-channel chamber and 11-distribution chamber.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The structure and principles of the quench ring of the gasifier of the present invention will be described in more detail below.
FIG. 1 showsbase:Sub>A schematic structural view ofbase:Sub>A gasifier quench ring in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2A shows an arrangement of spray holes onbase:Sub>A distribution ring inbase:Sub>A gasifier quench ring in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2B showsbase:Sub>A view A-A in FIG. 2A.
Referring to fig. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the gasifier quench ring includes an annular fixed plate 1, a channel ring 2, a spacer ring 3, an inner ring 4, a distribution ring 5, and several quench water inlet pipes 6. The quench ring of the present invention not only provides structural adjustment, but also optimizes the manner of machining, as will be described in more detail below.
According to the invention, the channel ring 2 is fixed at the bottom of the annular fixing plate 1, the distribution ring 5 is formed by cutting a lower inner quarter ring from the channel ring 2 and welding the lower inner quarter ring back to the channel ring 2, and a plurality of rows of staggered spray holes 9 are formed on the distribution ring 5.
The annular fixing plate 1 is a bearing part of the whole chilling ring, and is integrally processed by adopting an annular steel plate, so that a blank does not need to be imported, and the annular fixing plate is low in cost, easy to process and prepare. Meanwhile, the channel ring 2 and the distribution ring 5 are integrally formed by rolling a steel pipe, a streamline channel is naturally formed, and the inner surface does not need to be machined; moreover, the channel ring 2 and the distribution ring 5 are integrally rolled, stress is eliminated, the distribution ring 5 is machined and cut after the spraying hole is machined, and after the spacing ring 3 is installed, the distribution ring 5 is integrally welded back to the channel ring 2, so that the precision is ensured; in addition, due to the fact that the spraying Kong Jizhun on the distribution ring 5 is consistent, the situation that the holes of the spraying holes are not aligned can be avoided, and after the assembling precision is guaranteed, the thickness and uniformity of a water film formed by the chilling ring can also be guaranteed, so that the situation that the local part of the downcomer is not protected by the water film and the downcomer is damaged by dry burning can be avoided. According to one embodiment of the invention, the channel ring 3 and the distribution ring 5 are formed by bending an integral steel pipe into a circle and welding the whole pipe into an integral ring, machining a spray hole after stress is eliminated, integrally cutting the distribution ring after the spray hole is machined, and then welding the distribution ring.
The spacer ring 3 is arranged in the middle of the channel ring 2 and divides the channel ring 2 into an outer channel chamber 10 and an inner distribution chamber 11, the bottom of the spacer ring 3 is butted with a descending pipe (not shown) of the gasification furnace, the height of the spacer ring 3 is adjustable, and a chilling water channel is formed between the top of the spacer ring 3 and the inner wall of the top of the channel ring 2. The clearance between the ring of spacers 3 and the ring of channels 2, i.e. the height of the spacers, can be adjusted to adjust the quench water flow in the distribution chamber 11 without changing the quench water flow. A plurality of distance steel balls 7 used for controlling the annular gap between the distribution ring 5 and the spacer ring 3 are arranged between the distribution ring 5 and the spacer ring 3, namely the distance steel balls 7 can be used for keeping the uniform distance between the distribution ring 5 and the spacer ring 3 when the distribution ring 5 is welded, so that a uniform water film can be formed on the spacer ring 3, and the thickness of the water film is determined by the size of the annular gap between the distribution ring 5 and the spacer ring 3. The inner diameter of the spacer ring 3 is equal to the inner diameter of the downcomer of the gasification furnace.
The inner ring 4 has a half-pipe structure and is fixed on the spacer ring 3, the inner ring 4 is positioned in the distribution chamber 11, and a plurality of liquid through vent holes are formed on the inner ring 4. When the inner ring 4 is fixed, the upper half portion thereof may be welded, and the lower half portion may be intermittently welded to the spacer ring 3. The inner ring 4 can adjust the size of the distribution chamber 11, and particularly the size of the inner ring 4 can be determined according to the flow rate.
A plurality of chilling water inlet pipes 6 are arranged at the lower outer side of the channel ring 2 and are communicated with the channel chamber 10 so as to provide chilling water for cooling in the chilling ring, the chilling water enters the channel chamber 10 from the chilling water inlet pipes 6, then enters the distribution chamber 11 through the chilling water channel at the top of the partition ring 3, and flows to the partition ring 3 and the downcomer through the annular gap between the distribution ring 5 and the partition ring 3 after being distributed by the inner ring and sprayed by the distribution ring to form a water film. The number and size of the chilling water inlet pipes 6 are determined by the requirement of chilling water, for example, the number of the chilling water inlet pipes 6 is 4-6, and the diameter is 80-100 mm.
Wherein, a plurality of slag nails 8 are evenly arranged on the upper surface of the inner side of the channel ring 2, and refractory materials are laid between the slag nails 8. During the operation of the chilling ring, a layer of slag, commonly called 'clinkering', is formed on the surface of the refractory material. The chilling ring is protected by the slag coating, the refractory material layer and the chilling water in the channel ring, so that the working temperature of the chilling ring is greatly reduced, the chilling ring is prevented from being directly washed by high-temperature synthetic gas and molten slag, and the service life of the chilling ring is greatly prolonged. Preferably, the slag nails 8 are cylindrical slag nails, the refractory material is a silicon carbide refractory material, and the distribution intervals of the slag nails 8 are 25-30 mm.
In addition, the invention also optimizes the spray hole structure of the distribution ring. As shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the distribution ring 5 is provided with three rows of staggered spray holes 9, the number of the spray holes 9 in each row is equal, and the spray holes 9 are tapered holes with a large inside and a small outside. The spraying holes 9 with the structure have the spraying and atomizing effects, so that high-temperature synthesis gas can be fully contacted with chilling water after being melted, and the temperature can be quickly and effectively reduced. According to one embodiment of the invention, the included angles between the central lines of the three rows of spraying holes 9 and the generatrix of the downcomer of the gasifier are respectively 80 degrees, 65 degrees and 45 degrees.
When assembling the gasifier quench ring of the present invention, the following points should be noted: 1. the chilling ring is rolled integrally, the roundness of the section of the chilling ring and the ring cavity of the chilling ring is strictly controlled, and no wrinkle or collapse exists in the ring cavity. 2. After the rolling is finished and the circle is corrected, the stress is eliminated and then the machining of the distribution ring is carried out. 3. In order to ensure the chilling effect, the machining and installation precision of the chilling ring should be strictly controlled.
The chilling ring of the gasification furnace provided by the invention has the advantages of low price, simple structure, easiness in processing, installation and maintenance, and simple and attractive appearance.
Taking a water-coal-slurry gasification furnace with a phi 3800 internal diameter downstream water chilling nozzle as an example:
the chilling ring is formed by welding an annular fixed plate 1 and a channel ring 2, the channel ring 3 is divided into a channel chamber 10 and a distribution chamber 11 by a spacer ring 3, the channel chamber is arranged on the outer side, the size and the number of chilling water inlet pipelines 6 need to be comprehensively considered according to the flow requirement and the chilling water consumption, and the chilling water inlet pipelines are usually 4-6 inlet pipes of DN 80-DN 100. The inner diameter of the spacer ring is consistent with that of the descending pipe, and the inner wall of the welding opening is polished smoothly after the spacer ring is butted with the descending pipe, so that a water film formed on the inner wall of the spacer ring smoothly flows down along the descending pipe. The distribution ring 5 is provided with three rows of spraying holes which are arranged in a staggered manner, the included angles between the central lines of the three rows of holes and the generatrix of the downcomer are respectively 80 degrees, 65 degrees and 45 degrees, the conical large end of each spraying hole is phi 8mm, and the conical small end of each spraying hole is phi 6mm. The inner ring 4 is used to adjust the size of the distribution chamber 11, which is determined according to the flow rate. Slag nails 8 are uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the 1/4 ring path of the upper half part of the channel ring, the slag nails are cylindrical, the slag nails are distributed at intervals of about 25-30 mm, and then a layer of silicon carbide refractory material is laid between the slag nails. Through the improvement and the change of the structures, the material cost, the manufacturing and processing difficulty, the chilling effect and the like are improved in many aspects.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.

Claims (8)

1. A chilling ring of a gasification furnace is characterized by comprising an annular fixed plate, a channel ring, a spacer ring, an inner ring, a distribution ring and a plurality of chilling water inlet pipes,
the channel ring is fixed at the bottom of the annular fixing plate, the distribution ring is formed by welding a lower inner quarter ring cut from the channel ring back to the channel ring again, a plurality of rows of staggered spray holes are formed in the distribution ring, the channel ring and the distribution ring are formed by bending an integral steel pipe into a circle and welding the whole steel pipe into a whole ring, a streamline channel is naturally formed without processing the inner surface, the spray holes are processed after stress is eliminated, and the distribution ring is integrally cut after the spray holes are processed and then welded;
the partition ring is arranged in the middle of the channel ring and divides the channel ring into an outer channel chamber and an inner distribution chamber, the bottom of the partition ring is in butt joint with a descending pipe of the gasification furnace, the height of the partition ring is adjustable, a chilling water channel is formed between the top of the partition ring and the inner wall of the top of the channel ring, and a plurality of distance steel balls for controlling the annular gap between the distribution ring and the partition ring are arranged between the distribution ring and the partition ring;
the inner ring is provided with a half-pipe structure and is fixed on the spacer ring, the lower half part of the inner ring is discontinuously fixed on the spacer ring, the inner ring is positioned in the distribution chamber, and a plurality of liquid through vent holes are formed in the inner ring;
the chilling water inlet pipes are arranged at the lower outer side of the channel ring and are communicated with the channel chamber;
wherein, a plurality of slag nails are evenly arranged on the upper surface of the inner side of the channel ring, and refractory materials are laid among the slag nails.
2. The gasifier quench ring of claim 1, wherein the annular retaining plate is integrally machined from an annular steel plate.
3. The gasifier quench ring of claim 1, wherein three rows of spray holes are formed in the distribution ring in a staggered arrangement, the number of spray holes in each row of spray holes is equal, and the spray holes are tapered holes with a large inside and a small outside.
4. The gasifier quench ring of claim 3, wherein the included angles between the centerlines of the three rows of spray holes and a downcomer generatrix of the gasifier are 80 °, 65 °, and 45 °, respectively.
5. The gasifier quench ring of claim 1, wherein the slag nails are cylindrical slag nails and the refractory material is a silicon carbide refractory material.
6. The gasifier quench ring of claim 1, wherein the slag nails are distributed at a pitch of 25-30 mm.
7. The gasifier quench ring of claim 1, wherein the number of quench water inlet pipes is 4-6 and the diameter is 80-100 mm.
8. The gasifier quench ring of claim 1, wherein an inner diameter of the spacer ring is equal to an inner diameter of a downcomer of the gasifier.
CN201611068803.6A 2016-11-29 2016-11-29 Chilling ring of gasification furnace Active CN106635182B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108059981B (en) * 2017-12-28 2021-06-25 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Crude gas cooling and purifying device
CN111560271B (en) * 2020-04-29 2021-07-20 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 Novel chilling ring structure for coal water slurry gasification furnace
CN113369797B (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-05-31 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 Repair method for water film gap of semi-ring pipe outside chilling ring of gasification furnace

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