CN1059269C - Cut blasting method and tool - Google Patents
Cut blasting method and tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN1059269C CN1059269C CN95104812A CN95104812A CN1059269C CN 1059269 C CN1059269 C CN 1059269C CN 95104812 A CN95104812 A CN 95104812A CN 95104812 A CN95104812 A CN 95104812A CN 1059269 C CN1059269 C CN 1059269C
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- hole
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- cut
- grooved
- big gun
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
- C06B31/04—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with carbon or sulfur
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a cut blasting method and a tool. The cut blasting method comprises a powder hole parameter design principal and construction method, a special purpose grooving tool (grooved ax) and black powder. The tool uses the grooved ax to chisel a presplitting groove on the inner wall of a blast hole in advance along a cut line after the blasting design and blast hole drilling to form a groove hole; then, a black powder stick with an igniting body is loaded in the groove hole and is densified and clogged, and a cutting task of an exploded object is completed by igniting and detonating. The present invention is suitable for cutting solid media, such as, marble, granite, concrete bodies, etc. and has the characteristics of large cut areas of a simple hole, less workload, low cost and high efficiency.
Description
The invention belongs to the controlled blasting technology, particularly, belong to a kind of cutting blasting method and instrument.
At present, in the bursting work of solid kind media such as cutting marble, granite and concrete bodies, mainly adopt the controlled blasting technology to carry out medicine hole parameter designing and construction.As China's patent 85105789 record with to publish " constructions demolition " the 142nd page of second piece of controlled blasting that Yan Jialiang writes in June, 1985 by Military Engineering Inst. described, in the prior art, usually, blasthole diameter is less than 80 millimeters, borehole spacing is 300～1000 millimeters, blast hole depth adopts nitrolite, Static crushing agent, incendiary agent or primacord etc. as blast charging greater than 2/3 of the cutting body height simultaneously.Like this, the big gun hole is many, and the boring workload is big, uses firer's equipment amount big, and efficiency of construction is low, cost is high, and, when using Static crushing agent or incendiary agent, exist filling difficulty height, dangerous bigger defective as blast charging.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of easy and simple to handle, safety, single hole cutting area is big, workload is little, cost is low, efficient is high cutting blasting method and instrument, solve above-mentioned the problems of the prior art.
The present invention concentrates principle and explosion gas product edgetone effect scheduling theory according to powder burning mechanism, stress and sets up, and its objective is to realize by following Method and kit for.
A kind of cutting blasting method, comprise the fried food body is carried out the explosiveness inspection of the scene of a crime, carry out medicine hole parameter designing by medicine hole parameter designing principle and prospecting result, press medicine hole parameter designing value and split requirement and on the fried food body, demarcate line of cut and big gun hole site, bore system big gun hole in the mark hole site with boring bar tool, along demarcating line of cut, make powder stick with black powder and ignition body to big gun hole inwall cutter system presplitting groove with grooving tool (grooved ax), the powder charge filling, construction procedures such as ignition and detonation.
The instrument of realizing said method comprises:
(1) grooved ax is used for the presplitting groove to big gun hole inwall cutter system definite shape size, and its tail end can be plugged on boring bar tool and impact in the jacket casing.
(2) black powder is used to make powder stick, fills in the slotted eye.
Advantage of the present invention: single hole cutting area is big, and slotted eye quantity is few, uses firer's equipment amount few, and cut surface is smooth intact; Used grooved ax, simple in structure, easy to use, maintainability is good; Used black powder, abundant raw material, preparation is simple, and is safe in utilization.The present invention is applicable to solid kind media such as cutting marble, granite and concrete bodies, and its workload is little, cost is low, efficient is high.
Fig. 1 is the grooved ax front view.
Fig. 2 is that grooved ax A is to view.
Fig. 3 is a projectile filling groove pore structure schematic diagram (cross section).
Fig. 4 is a cloth hole schematic diagram.
Describe embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with each accompanying drawing.
Grooved ax shown in Fig. 1 is made up of axe bar 1, axe 2, alignment pin 3, axe 2 is plugged on the axe bar 1, go into alignment pin 3 rivetings in the small garden hole of axe bar 1 and axe 2 joint portions, be grooved ax, it both can impact the supporting use of boring bar tool of jacket casing with band, again can be separately as artificial hammering grooving tool.Wherein, axe bar 1 is used to transmit the ballistic work of boring bar tool or sledgehammer, process with common drill steel, its tail end can impact jacket casing with boring bar tool and peg graft, Che Yuankong in the other end is complementary with axe 2 garden bars, and this end also has a small garden hole, be complementary with alignment pin 3, axe bar 1 length is generally 0.8,1.2,1.6 meter Axe 2 is used to cut a hole the presplitting groove of system definite shape size, process with tool steel, its both sides are the edge of a knife, edge of a knife width B " is (1.2～1.4) d (d is a blasthole diameter); length L " is (0.25～0.6) d, the edge of a knife be in-line (can also be arc, in-line wear-resisting, arc be convenient to move back axe), axe 2 one ends are the garden bar, be complementary with hole, axe bar 1 garden, this end also has a small garden hole, is complementary with alignment pin 3; Alignment pin 3 is complementary with the small garden hole of axe bar 1 and axe 2 joint portions, rotate relative to axe bar 1 in order to prevent axe 2, and assurance presplitting groove direction is accurate and grooved ax is convenient to withdraw from from slotted eye.Also can adopt between above-mentioned axe bar 1, axe 2 and alignment pin 3 threes and be threaded or other form connection; As artificial simple and easy grooving tool, above-mentioned grooved ax can also process with steel integral body.
Fig. 2 illustrates the edge of a knife thickness E of grooved ax axe 2, and " be (0.125～0.2) d, basil α is 35 °～90 °, and promptly cutting edge is an isosceles triangle, and wherein, d is a blasthole diameter; In fact, cutting edge can also be arc.
Fig. 3 illustrates projectile filling groove pore structure schematic diagram (cross section), with boring bar tool after digging out big gun hole 2 (diameter is d) on the fried food body 1, make presplitting groove 5 with grooved ax along 4 pairs of big gun holes of design line of cut, 2 inwalls cutter, constitute slotted eye, to send in this slotted eye with the powder stick 3 of ignition body again, draw the ignition body tail end,, promptly get the powder charge slotted eye with dry ground, the successively closely knit filling of rubble.Wherein, two presplitting grooves 5 are arranged with big gun hole 2 hole axial symmetry, its length is identical with the degree of depth in big gun hole 2, the isosceles triangle that its shape of cross section is bottom width (0.125～0.2) d, height (0.1～0.2) d in fact, the shape of cross section of presplitting groove 5 also can be arc because of the blade shape difference; Powder stick 3 usefulness black powder are as blast charging, black powder is made up of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur, its weight proportion is (57 ± 2): (27 ± 2): (16 ± 2), or form (also claiming compound black powder) by potassium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur and 2# rock dynamite, its weight proportion is (60 ± 2): (15 ± 2): (15 ± 2): (10 ± 2), the formation speed of these two kinds of black powder explosion gas product in deflagration is lower, the continuous action time is long, cutting (work done) energy is big, and explosion gas product stress wave peak value is lower, and hole wall is not formed fracture area.
Fig. 4 illustrates the cloth hole situation on factory's fried food body, to illustrate medicine hole parameter designing principle.Among the figure, fried food body 1 is that appearance and size is the cuboid of width B * height H * thickness E, and its material resistance coefficient is A, has 6 free faces, and cutting thickness is E ', and slotted eye 2 designs adopt black powder as blast charging on line of cut 3.
One, slotted eye parameter designing principle
(1) blasthole diameter: d=20～80 millimeter, preferred d=30～40 millimeters;
(2) slotted eye direction: vertically downward.In fact, can decide on split requirement and execution conditions for vertical, level or incline direction;
(3) slotted eye position and parameter: cloth hole, center principle---cutting must make during explosion each slotted eye powder charge be positioned at this powder charge to be sure near the face geometry center.
1. when the pass of cut surface width B and height H is 0.33≤B/H≤3,
Lateral opening to outer rim apart from a=0.5B, spacing b=0
Slotted eye quantity n=1, powder charge number of plies n '=1
Slotted eye degree of depth L=(0.5～0.6) H;
2. when B/H＞3,
A=(1～1.5) H, b=(1～3) H (preferred b=2H)
N=0.33B/H (rounding) by the decimal carry
n′＝1， L＝(0.5～0.6)H
3. when B/H＜0.33
a＝0.5B， b＝0
n＝1， L＝H (1～1.5)B
N '=3B/H (rounding) by the decimal carry
The powder charge layer is apart from b '=(1～3) B (preferred b '=2B)
(4) filling length L ' (adopting closely knit filling)
When B≤H, L '
Min〉=0.4B
When B＞H, L '
Min＞0.4H
Two, dynamite quantity per hole computing formula
Q＝K
1·K
2·A·F·S
Wherein, Q: dynamite quantity per hole (gram)
K
1: have with factors such as free face number, cut direction, formation crack sizes
The correction factor that closes, general, K
1=1～2
K
2: the correction factor relevant, K with the black powder proportioning components
1=0.8～1.2.
During with compound black powder, K
2Get the small value; When using black powder, K
1Get big value
A: fried food body material resistance coefficient (seeing the following form)
F: unit powder consumption (20～50 gram/rice
2)
S≤2 meter
2The time, F gets big value; S＞2 meter
2The time, F gets the small value
S: this hole design cut surface area (rice
2)
Material resistance coefficient A value table:
Title material rock grade A
Limestone, marble 8～12 1.11
Granite 9～15 1.34
Porphyry 14～15 1.40
Basalt, andesite 12～16 1.45
(200#～500#) 1.5～1.8 for concrete
Embodiment 1:
The fried food body is the pearl white granite, and rock resistance coefficient A is 1.34, and the high H of cut surface is 2.7 meters, and width B is 2.3 meters, and requiring cutting thickness E ' is 1.5 meters.
Specific practice:
(1), rock mass is carried out explosiveness site inspection result: the in situ rock mass globality is better, and the scope of operation is more smooth, is cut the position and has 5 free faces.
(2), carry out medicine hole parameter designing
(1) determines blasthole diameter: the d=34 millimeter; Big gun hole direction, vertically downward.
(2) because B/H=2.3/2.7=0.85
So a=0.5 * 2.3=1.15 rice b=0
n＝1 n′＝1
L=(0.5～0.6) * 2.7=1.35～1.62 meter
Actually get L=1.5 rice, and 1.2 meters of L ' ≈
Promptly adopt the powder charge of single hole individual layer.
(3) dose calculates (selecting the black powder of being made up of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur for use):
Q＝K
1·K
2·A·F·S＝1×1×1.34×20×(2.3×?2.7)
=166.43 grams
The actual Q=160 gram of getting
(3), mark hole, boring:, on the rock mass scope of operation, demarcate line of cut and position, hole according to above-mentioned design load and split requirement; Choose the drill bit of 32 millimeters of φ, bore system big gun hole with YN30A type rock drill (being equipped with two drill steels of 800 millimeters/1600 millimeters long) vertically downward in calibration position, making hole depth L is 1.5 meters.
(4), make grooved ax: press Fig. 1, Fig. 2 structure fabrication two grooved ax, their axe appearance and size is identical, edge of a knife width B, and " being 40 millimeters, thickness E " is 5 millimeters, length L, and " be 10 millimeters, basil α is 60 °, and the axe pole length is respectively 0.8 meter, 1.6 meters.
(5), cutter system presplitting groove: the grooved ax tail end that successively with above-mentioned axe pole length is 0.8 meter, 1.6 meters inserts in the impact jacket casing of rock drill, the grooved ax edge of a knife is dropped on the line of cut of above-mentioned demarcation, start rock drill to big gun hole inwall cutter system presplitting groove at the bottom of the hole, promptly get slotted eye.
(6), preparation black powder (weight 200 grams): take by weighing 114 gram potassium nitrate, 54 gram charcoals, 32 gram sulphur respectively with balance, earlier charcoal and sulphur are poured in the mortar body, be stirred to evenly, pour potassium nitrate again into, continue to be stirred to evenly, encapsulate stand-by with waddy.
(7), make powder stick: take by weighing the above-mentioned black powder of 160 grams, being rolled into diameter with brown paper is 28 millimeters powder stick; The fuse cord that cuts length and be 1.0 meters is as ignition body, becomes reversed acanthoid to insert the powder stick middle part as getting angry end on one end several cuttves of cutting sth. askew, and seals and ties up with cord then firmly.
(8), powder charge: above-mentioned powder stick is sent into above-mentioned slotted eye bottom, the fuse cord tail end is drawn slotted eye.
(9), filling: by successively closely knit filling of the above-mentioned powder charge slotted eye of " dry ground → rubble → dry ground → rubble → dry ground → rubble → dry ground " order ordered pair to orifice part, ground floor is about 750 millimeters in soil filling length, back every layer of filling of three layers of rubble length is about 50 millimeters, back every layer of filling of three layers of dry ground length is about 100 millimeters, i.e. the total filling of formation length L ' be about 1200 millimeters.
(10), ignition and detonation: light the fuse cord of drawing in the above-mentioned slotted eye, make the black powder detonation in the above-mentioned powder stick, finish cutting task in situ rock mass.
When practice of construction, making grooved ax, preparation black powder in the said method and make powder stick also can be after the parameter designing of medicine hole, the mark hole drill carries out before the hole, and above-mentioned ignition body is with making such as electric igniter, electric caps.
Demolition effect and on-the-spot cost: in situ rock mass splits by the design line of cut, becomes appearance and size and be 2.3 meters * 2.7 meters * 1.5 meters famine material, 180 millimeters of fracture widths; When waste material lifts, further detect proof, cut surface is smooth, and hole wall is intact on it; Activity duration and cost: under the situation of prefabricated grooved ax and preparation black powder, 3 people's operations, 35 minutes, about 15 yuan of on-the-spot cost (3 yuan of drilling tool wearing and tearing and POL expenses, powder stick takes 6 yuan, 6 yuan of labour costs), its integrated cost reduces 50% than prior art.
Embodiment 2:
The fried food body is the pearl white granite, and rock resistance coefficient A is 1.34, and the high H of cut surface is 2.2 meters, and width B is 5.6 meters, and requiring cutting thickness E ' is 2.5 meters.
Specific practice:
In the present embodiment, construction method and instrument are substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is: relevant medicine hole parameter designing value a is 2.8 meters, L is 1.3 meters, and L ' is 0.8 meter, and Q is 400 grams, the black powder that employing is made up of 240 gram potassium nitrate, 60 gram charcoals, 60 gram sulphur and 40 gram 2# rock dynamites, to the direct powder charge of dry slotted eye (not making powder stick), as ignition body, detonate with common batteries with electric igniter.
Demolition effect and on-the-spot cost: in situ rock mass splits by the design line of cut, becomes appearance and size and be 5.6 meters * 2.2 meters * 2.5 meters famine material, and waste material leaves 1.2 meters of original positions (slip being arranged along the slope), further detects proof, and cut surface is smooth, hole wall is intact on it; Activity duration and cost: under the situation of prefabricated grooved ax and preparation black powder, 3 people's operations, 30 minutes, about 19 yuan of on-the-spot cost, its integrated cost reduces 90% than prior art.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of cutting blasting method, comprise the fried food body is carried out the explosiveness inspection of the scene of a crime, carry out medicine hole parameter designing by medicine hole parameter designing principle and prospecting result, press medicine hole parameter designing value and split requirement and on the fried food body, demarcate line of cut and big gun hole site, bore system big gun hole in the mark hole site with boring bar tool, along line of cut inwall cutter in big gun hole is made the presplitting groove with grooved ax, make powder stick with black powder and ignition body, the powder charge filling, construction procedures such as ignition and detonation is characterized in that, first, described medicine hole parameter designing principle is cloth hole, a center principle, must make each slotted eye powder charge be positioned at this powder charge when promptly cutting explosion and be sure near the face geometry center; The second, described presplitting groove arranges that with hole, big gun hole axial symmetry its length is identical with blast hole depth along line of cut cutter system, and its shape of cross section is of a size of bottom width (0.125～0.2) d, height (0.1～0.2) d, and wherein, d is a blasthole diameter; The 3rd, in the described powder charge filling construction procedure, adopt dry ground, rubble as choke material, carry out successively closely knit filling.
2, a kind of grooved ax that is used for the described method of claim 1 is used for the presplitting groove to big gun hole inwall cutter system definite shape size, it is characterized in that, edge of a knife width is (1.2～1.4) d, and thickness is (0.125～0.2) d, and length is (0.25～0.6) d, wherein, d is a blasthole diameter.
3, a kind of black powder that is used for the described method of claim 1 is used to make powder stick, fills in the slotted eye, it is characterized in that, is made up of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur, and the weight proportion of each composition is (57 ± 2): (27 ± 2): (16 ± 2).
4, according to the described black powder of claim 3, it is characterized in that, by potassium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur and 2
#Rock dynamite is formed, and the weight proportion of each composition is (60 ± 2): (15 ± 2): (15 ± 2): (10 ± 2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95104812A CN1059269C (en) | 1995-04-25 | 1995-04-25 | Cut blasting method and tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95104812A CN1059269C (en) | 1995-04-25 | 1995-04-25 | Cut blasting method and tool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1122446A CN1122446A (en) | 1996-05-15 |
| CN1059269C true CN1059269C (en) | 2000-12-06 |
Family
ID=5075245
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95104812A Expired - Fee Related CN1059269C (en) | 1995-04-25 | 1995-04-25 | Cut blasting method and tool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1059269C (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102519328B (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-05-22 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Stone drift driving method adopting technologies of water cutting and cut blasting |
| CN111307002B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2022-07-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Closed free surface cut blasting method for improving blasting efficiency |
| CN113295064B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-08-26 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Directional cutting blasting device and method |
| CN114963904B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2023-12-15 | 中交第二公路工程局有限公司 | Tunnel blasting hole structure based on directional energy-gathering slotted holes and blasting method |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1052186A (en) * | 1989-12-02 | 1991-06-12 | 冶金工业部马鞍山矿山研究院 | Directional cutting explosion technology |
-
1995
- 1995-04-25 CN CN95104812A patent/CN1059269C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1052186A (en) * | 1989-12-02 | 1991-06-12 | 冶金工业部马鞍山矿山研究院 | Directional cutting explosion technology |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1122446A (en) | 1996-05-15 |
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