CN113390308A - Composite cut blasting structure and cut method thereof - Google Patents
Composite cut blasting structure and cut method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113390308A CN113390308A CN202110613632.5A CN202110613632A CN113390308A CN 113390308 A CN113390308 A CN 113390308A CN 202110613632 A CN202110613632 A CN 202110613632A CN 113390308 A CN113390308 A CN 113390308A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite cut blasting structure and a cut method thereof.A blast hole is drilled on a working face to be blasted, and the blast hole comprises a composite cut hole, an auxiliary hole and a peripheral hole which are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside on the working face; the composite cut hole includes a center hole, a barrel-shaped cut hole, an angle hole and a tapered cut hole which are arranged in order from the inside to the outside on the working face. The composite cut hole ensures that each charging hole has 3 free surfaces, 4 corner holes and a central hole increase the crushing free surface and the crushing expansion space, the barrel-shaped cut holes are initiated at intervals, cross cracking cut is created, excellent free surface conditions are created for improving cut, the cut effect under hard rock conditions is improved, and the circulating blasting footage is improved.
Description
The invention patent with application date of 2018-12-18, application number of 201811552830.X and name of 'a composite cut blasting method' is applied by division as a parent case.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling blasting, in particular to a composite cut blasting structure and a cut method thereof.
Background
At present, the main stream of mine exploitation in China is underground well-engineering exploitation, and the method for performing roadway excavation of development engineering and mining preparation engineering of the underground well-engineering exploitation is mainly an artificial drilling and blasting method. In the drilling and blasting construction, firstly, arranging an undercut hole in the center of a roadway section, arranging peripheral holes, and finally, uniformly arranging auxiliary holes; the cut hole is blasted first, a second free surface is created for auxiliary hole blasting, and the footage of the cut hole determines the footage of the roadway tunneling. The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out lead-zinc mine on the seven-minute earth of the inner Mongolian pulsatilla, wherein rocks of surrounding rocks of a roadway are tuff, and the hardness coefficient of the rocks is 14-16; under the condition of hard rock, the tunnel cut hole blasting is difficult to cut and even can not cut; the depth of the blast hole is 2.0m, the average circulating footage is less than 1.5m, and the tunneling progress of the roadway is influenced. Therefore, it is highly desirable to optimize the design of the cut holes, improve the blasting effect of the cut holes, and increase the blasting footage.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the composite undermining hole blasting method is provided, the undermining hole blasting effect is improved, the blasting footage is improved, and the problem that undermining and even undermining are difficult to perform undermining in roadway undermining hole blasting under the condition of hard rock is solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a composite cut blasting method comprises the following steps:
the composite cut holes comprise a central hole, barrel-shaped cut holes, corner holes and conical cut holes which are arranged on the working surface from the inside to the outside in sequence;
the number of the central holes is 1, the number of the barrel-shaped cut holes is 4, the number of the corner holes is 4, the number of the conical cut holes is 4, and the number of the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes is multiple;
the center hole is arranged by 20-30 cm below the center of the working face, the barrel-shaped cut holes are formed in the end points of the cross with the center hole as an intersection point, each barrel-shaped cut hole comprises 2 first side holes and 2 second side holes, the first side holes are formed in the vertical end points of the cross, and the second side holes are formed in the transverse end points of the cross;
the corner holes are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the first side hole and are positioned on the same straight line with the second side hole;
the conical cut hole is arranged on a square end point which takes the central hole as a diagonal intersection point;
the auxiliary hole is arranged along the upper edge of the working surface;
the peripheral holes comprise straight wall holes and bottom plate holes, the straight wall holes are arranged along the upper edge of the working surface, and the bottom plate holes are arranged along the bottom of the working surface;
and 3, filling a detonating tube detonator in the blast hole filled in the step 2 by adopting an in-hole segmental millisecond delay and an out-hole cluster-linked initiation technology, wherein the initiation sequence is as follows: the first side hole uses 1-section millisecond delay detonator, the second side hole uses 3-section millisecond delay detonator, the central hole and the conical cut hole respectively use 5-section millisecond delay detonator to detonate simultaneously, the auxiliary hole uses 7-section millisecond delay detonator, the straight wall hole uses 8-section millisecond delay detonator, and the bottom plate hole uses 9-section millisecond delay detonator.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the problems that tunneling, undermining and slotting are difficult and the footage is small under the condition of hard rock, composite undermining holes are designed, barrel-shaped undermining holes are charge holes, 3 free surfaces are ensured to be arranged in each charge hole, 4 corner holes and a central hole increase a crushing free surface and a crushing and swelling space, barrel-shaped undermining holes are initiated at intervals, cross cracking undermining is created, excellent free surface conditions are created for improving undermining, the undermining holes are initiated at intervals vertically and then transversely, vertical cracking undermining is formed at first, and a square slotted cavity is formed; the conical cut hole and the central hole are detonated simultaneously, secondary blasting is carried out on the root bottom of the square groove cavity, rock slag of the square groove cavity is fully thrown out, the depth of the groove cavity is increased, a good free surface condition is created for the auxiliary hole, the cut effect under the hard rock condition is improved, and the circulating blasting footage is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite plunge cut blasting method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 1 of a composite plunge cut blasting method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a charging structure of the composite cut blasting method according to the embodiment of the invention;
description of reference numerals: 1. a central bore; 2. a barrel-shaped cut hole; 21. a first side hole; 22. a second side hole;
3. corner holes; 4. a tapered cut hole; 5. an auxiliary hole; 6. a straight wall hole; 7. a bottom plate hole; 8. explosive rolls; 9. detonating the detonator; 10. a tampon.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
The most key concept of the invention is that the positions of the central hole, the barrel-shaped cut holes and the angle holes are arranged to ensure that each barrel-shaped cut hole has 3 free surfaces, 4 angle holes and the central hole 1 increase the crushing free surfaces and the crushing expansion space, the barrel-shaped cut holes are initiated at intervals to facilitate the creation of cross cracking cut, create excellent free surface conditions for the improvement of cut and improve the circulating blasting footage.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a composite plunge cut blasting method includes the following steps:
the composite cut holes comprise a central hole 1, barrel-shaped cut holes 2, corner holes 3 and conical cut holes 4 which are arranged on a working surface from inside to outside in sequence;
the number of the central holes 1 is 1, the number of the barrel-shaped cut holes 2 is 4, the number of the corner holes 3 is 4, the number of the conical cut holes 4 is 4, and the number of the auxiliary holes 5 and the number of the peripheral holes are multiple;
the center hole 1 is arranged by 20-30 cm below the center of the working face, the barrel-shaped cut holes 2 are arranged on the end points of the cross with the center hole 1 as an intersection point, each barrel-shaped cut hole 2 comprises 2 first side holes 21 and 2 second side holes 22, the first side holes 21 are arranged on the vertical end points of the cross, and the second side holes 22 are arranged on the transverse end points of the cross;
the corner holes 3 are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the first side hole 21 and are positioned on the same straight line with the second side hole 22;
the conical cut holes 4 are arranged on square end points which take the central hole 1 as a diagonal intersection point;
the auxiliary hole 5 is arranged along the upper edge of the working surface;
the peripheral holes comprise straight wall holes 6 and bottom plate holes 7, the straight wall holes 6 are arranged along the upper edge of the working surface, and the bottom plate holes 7 are arranged along the bottom of the working surface;
and 3, filling a detonating tube detonator in the blast hole filled in the step 2 by adopting an in-hole segmental millisecond delay and an out-hole cluster-linked initiation technology, wherein the initiation sequence is as follows: the first side hole 21 uses a 1-section millisecond delay detonator, the second side hole 22 uses a 3-section millisecond delay detonator, the central hole 1 and the conical cut hole 4 respectively use a 5-section millisecond delay detonator to detonate simultaneously, the auxiliary hole 5 uses a 7-section millisecond delay detonator, the straight wall hole 6 uses an 8-section millisecond delay detonator, and the bottom plate hole 7 uses a 9-section millisecond delay detonator.
Side hole: the peripheries of the central hollow holes of the cut holes are connected.
The corner hole 3 is a broken and expanded hole: the peripheries of the central hollow holes of the cut holes are not connected with corner holes.
Arranging a composite cut hole under the center of a roadway, arranging a 3 multiplied by 3 straight hole barrel-shaped cut hole, wherein the side hole of a central hole 1 is a medicine loading hole, 4 corner holes 3 are crushing and expanding holes, and each medicine loading hole has 3 free surfaces; 4 conical cut holes 4 are arranged at the positions 30.4-0.5 m away from the corner holes to play a role of auxiliary cutting; peripheral holes are arranged again, and finally auxiliary holes 5 are uniformly arranged. The barrel-shaped cut holes 2 and the conical cut holes 4 adopt reinforced charging; 1 section of explosive is filled in the central hole 1 to play a role in slag throwing; 1 section of explosive is additionally arranged on the bottom plate hole 7, so that the slag turning effect is enhanced.
The method adopts the millisecond blasting technology, the blasting sequence is cut holes, auxiliary holes 5 and peripheral holes, each type of blast holes are blasted in groups in sequence, free surfaces formed by the early blasting of the charge cut holes are utilized, the number of blast holes in one blasting is small, the free surfaces can be fully utilized, and the intensity and the noise of vibration and air shock waves can be weakened.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: aiming at the problems that tunneling, underholing and slotting are difficult and the footage is small under the condition of hard rock, a composite underholing hole is designed, the positions of a central hole 1, a barrel-shaped underholing hole 2 and an angle hole 3 are arranged to ensure that each barrel-shaped underholing hole 2 has 3 free surfaces, 4 angle holes 3 and the central hole 1 increase a crushing free surface and a crushing expansion space, the barrel-shaped underholing holes 2 are subjected to interval initiation to facilitate the creation of cross cracking underholing, excellent free surface conditions are created for the improvement of underholing, the underholing holes are subjected to interval initiation vertically and then horizontally, vertical cracking underholing is formed first, and a square slot cavity is formed; the conical cut hole 4 and the central hole 1 are detonated simultaneously, secondary blasting is carried out on the root bottom of the square cavity, rock slag of the square cavity is fully thrown out, the depth of the cavity is increased, a good free surface condition is created for the auxiliary hole 5, the cut effect under the hard rock condition is improved, and the circulating blasting footage is improved.
Further, the main parameters of blasting include the diameter of blast holes, the parameters of hole network, the number of blast holes, the structure of loading and packing and the detonating network.
[1] Cut hole
3 × 3 barrel-shaped cut holes 2: the aperture is 40mm, the length of a blast hole is 2.2m, and the blast hole is vertical to a working face; the hole spacing is 0.08-0.15 m, the row spacing is 0.10mm, and the hard rock takes a small value; a hole bottom spaced charging structure is adopted, and the charging coefficient is 0.9.
[2] Auxiliary hole 5
Uniformly arranging auxiliary holes 5 according to the size of the section of the roadway; the aperture is 40mm, the depth of the hole is 2.0m, and the hole is vertical to the working surface. The distance between the auxiliary holes 5 is 0.4-0.8 m, and the hard rock can be properly small; the charge factor was 0.9.
[3] Peripheral hole
The holes are uniformly distributed, so that not only is the explosive energy fully utilized, but also the rock is guaranteed to collapse according to the designed contour line, and the distance is determined according to the rock condition; the diameter of the peripheral hole is 40 mm.
Straight wall hole 6, roof plate hole: the length of the blast hole is 2.0m, the distance between the orifices and the contour line is 0.1-0.2 m, and inclined holes are distributed; the hole spacing is (0.5m-1.0m), the hard rock takes a small value, and the soft rock takes a large value; a hole bottom spaced charging structure is adopted, and the charging coefficient is 0.6.
Bottom plate hole 7: the bottom hole is arranged comparatively difficultly, when having ponding, easily produces the blind big gun, consequently: 1) the bottom hole spacing is generally 0.4m to 0.7 m; when the slag is thrown and blasted, the hole bottom adopts a smaller distance. 2) The hole opening of the bottom hole is about 0.1 m-0.2 m higher than the floor of the roadway. 3) The bottom hole loading quantity is between the cut hole and the auxiliary hole 5, the loading height is 0.5-0.7 times of the hole depth height, and 1-2 sections of explosive are added during slag-throwing blasting. 4) The length of the blast hole is generally 2.1 m-2.3 m.
[4] Powder charging structure
The hole bottom spacing charging structure is adopted, and the uncoupled charging coefficient n (40/32) is 1.25, which belongs to a reasonable range of values. A hole bottom reverse initiation mode is adopted, 1-2 sections of explosive cartridges 8 are firstly placed at the hole bottom, then an initiation explosive package and an initiation detonator 9 are placed, and the explosive packages and the initiation detonator are filled to the designed dosage; the stemming is carried out by stemming 10 or rock slag, and the stemming length is not less than 200 mm.
[5] Number of blastholes accounting
The number of blast holes is related to factors such as section size, lithology and explosive power, and too few blast holes cause too much rock slag and are not beneficial to high-efficiency rock loading; on the contrary, too many blast holes increase the drilling workload, and the number of the blast holes is calculated according to the following formula.
Wherein: n is the number of blast holes, f is the rock hardness Poulper coefficient, and s is the area of the net section of the roadway;
the number of the blast holes is similar to that of the actual construction blast holes, and if the number of the blast holes exceeds too much, the checking and accounting are carried out again.
[7] Checking the powder consumption
The unit explosive consumption mainly depends on factors such as explosive performance, rock properties, roadway sections, blast hole diameters, blast hole depths and the like, and is determined by adopting an empirical formula and a reference national rating standard; the general formula according to the modification has the following general form:
wherein: q-powder factor in kg/m3(ii) a f-rock firmness factor; s-area of cross section of tunnel; kOCorrection factor for explosive force, KO525/p, p is 300ml of explosive force;
and (4) calculating the unit explosive consumption which is similar to the unit consumption in actual construction, and if the unit consumption exceeds too much, checking and calculating again. The composite type cut method is optimized according to the trial blasting effect in actual field construction.
Further, first limit hole 21, second limit hole 22 and auxiliary hole 5 are perpendicular to the working face setting respectively, the contained angle of toper cut hole 4 and working face is 75-85 degrees, the contained angle of straight wall hole 6 and bottom plate hole 7 and working face is 85 ~ 88 degrees.
From the above description, the beneficial effects are that the blasting funnel theory is utilized to prevent superblasting and form a flat blasting profile surface.
Further, the distance between the adjacent barrel-shaped cut holes 2 is 0.08m to 0.15 m.
Further, the shortest distance between the corner holes 3 and the tapered cut holes 4 is 0.4 m.
Further, the distance between the adjacent auxiliary holes 5 is 0.4 m-0.8 m.
Further, the distance between the adjacent straight wall holes 6 is 0.5-1.0 m.
Furthermore, the hole opening of the bottom plate hole 7 is 0.1-0.2 m higher than the lowest point of the working surface, and the distance between the adjacent bottom plate holes 7 is 0.4-0.7 m.
Further, in step 3, a prompt detonator is used in the cluster detonation technology outside the hole.
Instantaneous detonating tube detonators are used outside the holes, 1 group of detonating tubes are used for detonating every 10 detonating tubes of the detonators in the holes, and 1 instantaneous detonator is used for detonating; and finally, bundling the detonating tubes of the booster detonator into a cluster, then using 1-shot instantaneous detonator for booster, and finally using an initiator to detonate the instantaneous detonator.
Example 1
A composite cut blasting method comprises the following steps:
the composite cut holes comprise a central hole 1, barrel-shaped cut holes 2, corner holes 3 and conical cut holes 4 which are arranged on a working surface from inside to outside in sequence;
the number of the central holes 1 is 1, the number of the barrel-shaped cut holes 2 is 4, the number of the corner holes 3 is 4, the corner holes 3 are broken and expanded holes, the number of the conical cut holes 4 is 4, and the number of the auxiliary holes 5 and the peripheral holes is multiple;
the center hole 1 is arranged by 20-30 cm below the center of the working face, the barrel-shaped cut holes 2 are arranged on the end points of the cross with the center hole 1 as an intersection point, each barrel-shaped cut hole 2 comprises 2 first side holes 21 and 2 second side holes 22, the first side holes 21 are arranged on the vertical end points of the cross, and the second side holes 22 are arranged on the transverse end points of the cross;
the corner holes 3 are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the first side hole 21 and are positioned on the same straight line with the second side hole 22;
the conical cut holes 4 are arranged on square end points which take the central hole 1 as a diagonal intersection point;
the auxiliary hole 5 is arranged along the upper edge of the working surface;
the peripheral holes comprise straight wall holes 6 and bottom plate holes 7, the straight wall holes 6 are arranged along the upper edge of the working surface, and the bottom plate holes 7 are arranged along the bottom of the working surface;
and 3, filling a detonating tube detonator in the blast hole filled in the step 2 by adopting an in-hole segmental millisecond delay and an out-hole cluster-linked initiation technology, wherein the initiation sequence is as follows: the first side hole 21 uses a 1-section millisecond delay detonator, the second side hole 22 uses a 3-section millisecond delay detonator, the central hole 1 and the conical cut hole 4 respectively use a 5-section millisecond delay detonator to detonate simultaneously, the auxiliary hole 5 uses a 7-section millisecond delay detonator, the straight wall hole 6 uses an 8-section millisecond delay detonator, and the bottom plate hole 7 uses a 9-section millisecond delay detonator.
The main parameters of blasting include blast hole diameter, hole pattern parameters, blast hole number, loading and packing structure and detonating network.
The design of the tunneling blasting parameters of the inner Mongolian Tamariau lead-zinc ore with the seven divisions and the intermediate section yard with the length of 770m (3.8m multiplied by 3.1m) under the condition of hard tuff is as follows:
the manual drilling tool adopts an YT-28 air-leg rock drill and is matched with a spherical tooth drill bit with the diameter of 40 mm; uniformly adopting ammonium nitrate explosive with the diameter of 32mm, the length of each roll of 200mm and the weight of each roll of 200 g; millisecond delay detonator detonators are used.
[1] Parameters of cut hole
3 × 3 barrel-shaped cut holes 2: the length of a blast hole is 2.2m, and the blast hole is vertical to a working face; the hole spacing is 0.08-0.15 m, the row spacing is 0.10mm, and the hard rock takes a small value; the powder filling structure with the spaced powder filling at the bottom of the hole is adopted, the powder filling coefficient is 0.9, the single-hole powder filling amount is 2000g, and the volume is 10.
Corner holes 3 tapered cut holes 4: 4 conical auxiliary cut holes are arranged at a position 30.4m away from the cut corner holes, so that the cut effect is improved; the length of blast holes is 2.1m, the angle is 75-85 degrees, the interval between adjacent orifices is 0.4-0.5 m, and the distance between adjacent hole bottoms is 0.15-0.3 m; the hole bottom interval charging structure is adopted, the charging coefficient is 0.9, the single-hole charging amount is 1900, and 9.5 rolls.
[2] Auxiliary hole 5 parameters
Uniformly arranging auxiliary holes 5 according to the size of the section of the roadway; the hole depth is 2.0m and is vertical to the working surface. The distance between the auxiliary holes 5 is generally 0.4-0.8 m, the tuff is 14-16, and the distance between the auxiliary holes 5 is 0.5-0.6 m; the charge coefficient is 0.7, the single-hole charge amount is 1400, and 7 coils are formed.
[3] Peripheral hole
The holes are uniformly distributed, so that not only is the explosive energy fully utilized, but also the rock is guaranteed to collapse according to the designed contour line, and the distance is determined according to the rock condition; the diameter of the peripheral hole is 40 mm.
Straight wall hole 6, roof plate hole: the length of the blast hole is 2.0m, the distance between the orifices and the contour line is 0.1-0.2 m, and inclined holes are distributed; the hole spacing is (0.5m-0.7m), the hard rock takes a small value, and the soft rock takes a large value; the hole bottom interval charging structure is adopted, the charging coefficient is 0.6, and the single-hole charging amount is 1200 and 6 coils.
Bottom plate hole 7: bottom holes are difficult to arrange, blind guns are easy to generate when water accumulates, the length of each blast hole is 2.2m, and the distance between the bottom holes is 0.6 m; the hole opening of the bottom hole is 0.1m higher than the floor of the roadway, the charging coefficient is 0.6, 1 section of explosive is added during slag-throwing blasting, and the single-hole charging amount is 1600 and 8 coils.
[4] Powder charging structure
The hole bottom spacing charging structure is adopted, and the uncoupled charging coefficient n (40/32) is 1.25, which belongs to a reasonable range of values. A hole bottom reverse initiation mode is adopted, 1-2 sections of explosives are firstly placed at the hole bottom, then an initiation explosive bag is placed, and the mixture is filled to the designed dosage; stemming or rock slag is adopted for filling, and the filling length is not less than 200 mm.
[5] Detonating network
And adopting a technology of millisecond delay in section in a hole and cluster detonation outside the hole. Delaying the detonator of the detonating tube according to designed delay sections 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9 milliseconds in the hole, wherein the detonating sequence is from a cut hole to an auxiliary hole 5 to a peripheral hole; the cut hole uses 1, 3, 5-section millisecond delay detonators, the conical cut hole 4 and the central hole 1 are detonated simultaneously, and the auxiliary hole 5 uses 7-section millisecond delay detonators; the straight wall holes 6 and the top plate holes of the peripheral holes are subjected to 8-section millisecond delay detonators, and the bottom plate holes 7 are subjected to 9-section millisecond delay detonators. The cut hole is detonated by the staggered sections which are vertical and horizontal, and a vertical cracking cut is formed, so that a square groove cavity is formed; the conical cut hole 4 and the central hole 1 are detonated simultaneously, the root bottom of the square groove cavity is subjected to secondary blasting, rock slag of the square groove cavity is fully thrown out, the depth of the groove cavity is increased, and a good free surface condition is created for the auxiliary hole 5.
Instantaneous detonating tube detonators are used outside the holes, 1 group of detonating tubes are used for detonating every 10 detonating tubes of the detonators in the holes, and 1 instantaneous detonator is used for detonating; and finally, bundling the detonating tubes of the booster detonator into a cluster, then using 1-shot instantaneous detonator for booster, and finally using an initiator to detonate the instantaneous detonator.
The method adopts the millisecond blasting technology, the blasting sequence is cut holes, auxiliary holes 5 and peripheral holes, each type of blast holes are blasted in groups in sequence, free surfaces formed by the early blasting of the charge cut holes are utilized, the number of blast holes in one blasting is small, the free surfaces can be fully utilized, and the intensity and the noise of vibration and air shock waves can be weakened.
[6] Number of blastholes accounting
The number of blast holes is related to factors such as section size, lithology and explosive power, and too few blast holes cause too much rock slag and are not beneficial to high-efficiency rock loading; on the contrary, too many blast holes increase the drilling workload, and the number of the blast holes is calculated according to the following formula.
Wherein: n is the number of blast holes, f is the rock hardness Poulper coefficient, and s is the area of the net section of the roadway;
the number of the designed holes of the roadway is 39, and the number of the theoretically calculated blast holes is 41, so that the requirement is met.
[7] Checking the powder consumption
The unit explosive consumption mainly depends on factors such as explosive performance, rock properties, roadway sections, blast hole diameters, blast hole depths and the like, and is determined by adopting an empirical formula and a reference national rating standard; the general formula according to the modification has the following general form:
wherein: q-powder factor in kg/m3(ii) a f-rock firmness factor; s-area of cross section of tunnel; kOCorrection factor for explosive force, KO525/p, p is 300ml of explosive force;
the unit explosive consumption is designed to be 2.36kg/m3The unit consumption is 2.21kg/m in theoretical calculation3Is closer to theory and belongs to a reasonable range value.
The main technical and economic indexes of the composite type cutting method and the barrel-shaped cutting method are compared as shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1
| Common barrel slitting method | Composite slotting method | |
| Blast hole utilization (%) | 81.5％ | 92.0％ |
| Ruler for cycle (m) | 1.63 | 1.84 |
| Unit explosive eliminating deviceConsumption (kg/m)3) | 2.97 | 2.54 |
| Per meter explosive consumption (kg/m) | 0.671 | 0.609 |
| Total length of blast hole per cycle (m) | 73.6 | 81.4 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the composite undermining method mainly has the effects of improving the circulating footage and meeting the requirement of the project progress, and meanwhile, the composite undermining method of other index parameters is less than the common barrel undermining method, so that the comprehensive economic benefit is better.
In summary, in the composite undermining blasting method provided by the invention, the positions of the central hole, the barrel-shaped undermining holes and the corner holes are arranged to ensure that each barrel-shaped undermining hole has 3 free surfaces, and 4 corner holes and the central hole increase the crushing free surface and the crushing expansion space, the barrel-shaped undermining holes are initiated at intervals to facilitate the creation of cross-shaped cracking undermining, so as to create excellent free surface conditions for improving undermining, and the undermining holes are initiated at intervals vertically and then transversely to form vertical cracking undermining, so as to facilitate the formation of a square slotted cavity; the conical cut hole and the central hole are detonated simultaneously, secondary blasting is carried out on the root bottom of the square groove cavity, rock slag of the square groove cavity is fully thrown out, the depth of the groove cavity is increased, a good free surface condition is created for the auxiliary hole, the cut effect under the hard rock condition is improved, and the circulating blasting footage is improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite cut blasting structure is characterized by comprising a working face to be blasted and blast holes drilled on the working face, wherein the blast holes comprise a composite cut hole, an auxiliary hole and a peripheral hole which are sequentially arranged on the working face from inside to outside;
the composite cut holes comprise a central hole, barrel-shaped cut holes, corner holes and conical cut holes which are arranged on the working surface from the inside to the outside in sequence;
the number of the central holes is 1, the number of the barrel-shaped cut holes is 4, the number of the corner holes is 4, the number of the conical cut holes is 4, and the number of the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes is multiple;
the center hole is arranged by 20-30 cm below the center of the working face, the barrel-shaped cut holes are formed in the end points of the cross with the center hole as an intersection point, each barrel-shaped cut hole comprises 2 first side holes and 2 second side holes, the first side holes are formed in the vertical end points of the cross, and the second side holes are formed in the transverse end points of the cross;
the corner holes are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the first side hole and are positioned on the same straight line with the second side hole;
the conical cut hole is arranged on a square end point which takes the central hole as a diagonal intersection point;
the auxiliary hole is arranged along the upper edge of the working surface;
the periphery hole includes straight wall hole and bottom plate hole, straight wall hole sets up along the upper portion border of working face, the bottom plate hole sets up along the bottom of working face.
2. A composite cut blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the first side hole, the second side hole and the auxiliary holes are respectively arranged perpendicular to the working face, the included angle between the tapered cut hole and the working face is 75-85 degrees, and the included angle between the straight wall hole and the working face and the included angle between the bottom plate hole and the working face are 85-88 degrees.
3. A composite cut blasting structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent ones of the barrel shaped cut holes is 0.08m-0.15 m.
4. A composite plunge cut blasting structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the shortest distance between the corner holes and the conical plunge cut holes is 0.4 m.
5. A composite plunge cut blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent auxiliary holes is 0.4-0.8 m.
6. A composite cut blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent straight wall holes is 0.5m to 1.0 m.
7. The composite cut blasting structure according to claim 1, wherein the hole openings of the bottom plates are 0.1-0.2 m higher than the lowest point of the working surface, and the distance between the adjacent bottom plates is 0.4-0.7 m.
8. A cutting method of a composite cutting blasting structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drilling blast holes on a working face to be blasted, wherein the blast holes comprise a composite cut hole, an auxiliary hole and a peripheral hole which are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside of the working face;
the composite cut holes comprise a central hole, barrel-shaped cut holes, corner holes and conical cut holes which are arranged on the working surface from the inside to the outside in sequence;
the number of the central holes is 1, the number of the barrel-shaped cut holes is 4, the number of the corner holes is 4, the number of the conical cut holes is 4, and the number of the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes is multiple;
the center hole is arranged by 20-30 cm below the center of the working face, the barrel-shaped cut holes are formed in the end points of the cross with the center hole as an intersection point, each barrel-shaped cut hole comprises 2 first side holes and 2 second side holes, the first side holes are formed in the vertical end points of the cross, and the second side holes are formed in the transverse end points of the cross;
the corner holes are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the first side hole and are positioned on the same straight line with the second side hole;
the conical cut hole is arranged on a square end point which takes the central hole as a diagonal intersection point;
the auxiliary hole is arranged along the upper edge of the working surface;
the periphery hole includes straight wall hole and bottom plate hole, straight wall hole sets up along the upper portion border of working face, the bottom plate hole sets up along the bottom of working face.
9. A compound type cut blasting structure cut method according to claim 8, wherein the first side hole, the second side hole and the auxiliary holes are respectively arranged perpendicular to the working face, the included angle between the tapered cut hole and the working face is 75-85 degrees, and the included angle between the straight wall hole and the working face and the included angle between the bottom plate hole and the working face are 85-88 degrees.
10. A plunge cutting method for a composite plunge cut blasting structure according to claim 8, wherein the distance between adjacent barrel-shaped plunge cut holes is 0.08m-0.15m, the shortest distance between the corner holes and the tapered plunge cut holes is 0.4m, the distance between adjacent auxiliary holes is 0.4 m-0.8 m, the distance between adjacent straight wall holes is 0.5m-1.0m, the hole opening of the bottom plate hole is 0.1 m-0.2 m higher than the lowest working surface, and the distance between adjacent bottom plate holes is 0.4 m-0.7 m.
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| CN109506529B (en) | 2021-06-08 |
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