CN105911025A - Distributed spiral core optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor and measurement method thereof - Google Patents

Distributed spiral core optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor and measurement method thereof Download PDF

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CN105911025A
CN105911025A CN201610482299.8A CN201610482299A CN105911025A CN 105911025 A CN105911025 A CN 105911025A CN 201610482299 A CN201610482299 A CN 201610482299A CN 105911025 A CN105911025 A CN 105911025A
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fiber
surface plasma
helical
plasma resonance
coreless
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CN105911025B (en
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郑喆轩
黎敏
陶光樊
王智坤
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Wuhan Jingyu IOT Technology Co., Ltd
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/552Attenuated total reflection
    • G01N21/553Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
    • G01N21/554Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons detecting the surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals, e.g. localised surface plasmon resonance

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Abstract

The invention provides a distributed spiral core optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor and a measurement method thereof. The sensor comprises a broadband optical source, an optical fiber sensing unit and a spectrograph, wherein the broadband optical source is connected with the input end of the optical fiber sensing unit; the output end of the optical fiber sensing unit is connected with the spectrograph; and the optical fiber sensing unit is composed of a periodic structure formed by a section of spiral core optical fibers and a section of coreless optical fibers on the surface of which a sensitive metal film is coated. The measurement method comprises the following steps: determining a refractive index of an external medium of the coreless optical fibers in the sensing unit by virtue of a surface plasmon resonance spectrum detected in the spectrograph, wherein the resonant wavelength is increased when the refractive index of the external medium of the coreless optical fibers is increased, and the resonant wavelength is decreased when the refractive index of the external medium is decreased; and converting the optical source into an optical source of which the wavelength is nearby the surface plasmon resonance wavelength, and determining a position at which surface plasmon resonance occurs by using a back scattering method. According to the invention, an energy utilization ratio is improved, the sensitivity is high, the detection difficulty is low, and distributed detection can be realized.

Description

A kind of distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor and measuring method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the device of Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance, be specifically related to a kind of distributed helical-core fiber surface Plasma resonance sensor and measuring method thereof.
Background technology
Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance is probably divided into covering class, taper or wedge-shaped probe class, different core fibre class at present This three class.Wherein, going covering class concordance when removing covering to be difficult to control to, taper or wedge-shaped probe class are when processing cutting angle Required cutting, polishing and coating process are the highest, different core fibre class, namely multi-mode-single mode-multimode fibre class, this Type optical fiber need not covering, polishes, controls the loaded down with trivial details techniques such as cutting angle so that optical fiber production cost is substantially reduced.This Optical fiber utilizes the fibre core feature more than single-mode fiber fibre core of multimode fibre, when light conducts entrance single-mode optics from the fibre core of multimode fibre The when of fine, light can leak in the covering of single-mode fiber in a large number, and on the covering of single-mode fiber and the interface of outer medium Occur total reflection also to produce evanescent wave, if plate outside the covering of single-mode fiber sensitive metal thin film just can produce surface etc. from Daughter resonance effect.When the outer medium of single-mode fiber changes, corresponding surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrum also can change.We Can be according to the different outer medium of this effect measurement.
But, multimode fibre exists the light of a lot of different conduction mode, the light of these different modes can be revealed at different angles Enter single-mode fiber, and occur angle during total reflection the most different at covering and the outer dielectric surface of single-mode fiber, then be different The angle of total reflection also can corresponding different surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrum.It is to say, finally measure the resonance wave spectrum arrived really The stack spectral of the resonance wave spectrum that in multimode fibre, different mode is excited.Thus can ultimately result in and measure the half of the resonance wave spectrum arrived High wide reduction, measures sensitivity decrease.And single-mode fiber-coreless fiber-single-mode fiber structure can be because the fibre core of single-mode fiber be horizontal It is too big that sectional area causes light to lose when coreless fiber is coupled into single-mode fiber much smaller than covering, reduces capacity usage ratio, makes Cannot constitute distributed system.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for deficiencies of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of distributed helix core light Fine surface plasma resonance sensor and measuring method thereof, distributed helical-core fiber based on surface plasmon resonance effect- Coreless fiber structure, improves capacity usage ratio, and highly sensitive, detection difficulty is low, can realize Distributed Detection.
The present invention solves that above-mentioned technical problem be the technical scheme is that
A kind of distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, including wide spectrum light source, Fibre Optical Sensor unit and spectrum Instrument, described wide spectrum light source is connected with the input of Fibre Optical Sensor unit, and the outfan of Fibre Optical Sensor unit is connected with spectrogrph, institute State the periodicity knot that Fibre Optical Sensor unit is made up of the coreless fiber of one section of helical-core fiber and a section surface plated with sensitive metallic film Structure forms, and in each cycle, the starting point of sensitive metal thin film is the fusion point of helical-core fiber and coreless fiber, sensitive metal thin film The fusion point that terminal is coreless fiber and helical-core fiber.
By such scheme, described coreless fiber is to remove the optical fiber that the refractive index of coat is certain.
By such scheme, described sensitive metal thin film includes that nanometer metallic film, nano-metal-oxide thin film, Nanoalloy are thin Film and other are to humidity, temperature, concentration, the functional and specific materials thin film of stress sensitive.
By such scheme, described wide spectrum light source is that wavelength continually varying in the range of 400~1800nm is white without the continuous spectrum of sudden change Ray laser light source.
By such scheme, described spectrogrph is the spectrogrph of detection wave-length coverage 400~1800nm light intensity, and detection sensitivity is less than 1nm。
Present invention also offers the measuring method of a kind of above-mentioned distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, including Following steps:
1) the surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrum by detecting in spectrogrph judges in Fibre Optical Sensor unit outside coreless fiber The refractive index of medium;
2) when the refractive index of the outer medium of coreless fiber increases, resonant wavelength increases;When the outer medium refraction index of coreless fiber subtracts Hour, resonant wavelength reduces;
3) wide spectrum light source is changed wavelength light source near surface plasma body resonant vibration wavelength into, determine generation table by backscattering method The position of surface plasma resonance.
By such scheme, described step 3) in, if there is not surface plasma resonance, then the reflection light merit recorded Rate growth over time and slowly reduce;If there is surface plasma resonance somewhere, carry on the back when light travels at this Strongly reducing to scattered light, the phenomenon strongly reduced by back-scattering light records the position that surface plasma resonance occurs.
The operation principle of the present invention: using one section of helical-core fiber as Optic transmission fiber, coreless fiber is as sensing unit.Work as width After what spectrum light source sent is optically coupled into helical-core fiber, owing to the fibre core warp architecture of helical-core fiber makes the light of higher order mode Rapid deterioration during transmission, and the energy of basic mode is lost hardly.For coreless fiber, it and outer medium one Rise constitute light close-light dredges structure, say, that coreless fiber is equivalent to the fibre core of one section of multimode fibre, and outer medium is equivalent to multimode The covering of optical fiber.When the basic mode of helical-core fiber is optically coupled into coreless fiber, multiple pattern can be excited in coreless fiber Light.The basic mode light being wherein excited can directly be entered in next section of helical-core fiber by coreless fiber, and the light of higher order mode At the interface of the covering of coreless fiber and outer medium, total reflection can occur and produce evanescent wave, plate outside the covering of coreless fiber Upper sensitive metal thin film can increase the horizontal wave vector of evanescent wave, and surface etc. just can occur when the wavelength of incident illumination meets resonance condition Gas ions covibration.When the dielectric constant of outer medium changes, corresponding resonant wavelength also can change.Can based on this phenomenon To measure different outer media.If the gas concentration of a certain position changes, spectrogrph detects multiple absworption peak, In the case of having observed multiple absworption peak, use the light source near the resonant wavelength of correspondence as incident light source, then with dorsad Scattering method records the position that surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs.
The present invention, compared to traditional Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance, has the advantages that
1, for removing the Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance of covering class, the present invention need not covering, the most not There is the extent of corrosion existed during removing covering to be difficult to control to, the optical fiber surface after corrosion is difficult to the problems such as polishing;
2, for compared to taper or wedge-shaped probe surface plasma resonance sensor, the present invention need not control fiber port Cutting angle or bevel angle, it is not required that the techniques such as polishing;
3, for compared to multimode fibre-single-mode fiber-multimode fibre surface plasma resonance sensor, owing to employing spiral Core fibre and coreless fiber so that in the multimode fibre that the present invention exists when not existing with the incident light of multimode fibre conduction, pattern is numerous And unmanageable problem;
4, for compared to single-mode fiber-coreless fiber-single-mode fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, owing to the present invention is made Helical-core fiber and the core diameter of multimode fibre more than single-mode fiber so that the energy of incident illumination and the energy of emergent light are all Higher than single-mode fiber-coreless fiber-single-mode fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, thus improve capacity usage ratio, sensitive Degree height, detection difficulty is low, can realize Distributed Detection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Fibre Optical Sensor unit in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the normalization spectrum only one of which absworption peak of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that the normalization spectrum of the present invention has multiple absworption peak;
Fig. 5 is the spectrum schematic diagram of spectrogrph of the present invention detection;
In figure, 1-wide spectrum light source, 2-Fibre Optical Sensor unit, 21-helical-core fiber, 22-coreless fiber, 23-sensitive metal thin film, 3-spectrogrph, 4-computer.
Detailed description of the invention
With embodiment, technical scheme is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor of the present invention, including wide spectrum optical Source 1, Fibre Optical Sensor unit 2 and spectrogrph 3, wide spectrum light source 1 is connected with the input of Fibre Optical Sensor unit 2, Fibre Optical Sensor list The outfan of unit 2 is connected with spectrogrph 3, and spectrogrph 3 is connected to computer 4.
With reference to shown in Fig. 2, Fibre Optical Sensor unit 2 is by one section of helical-core fiber 21 and a section surface plated with sensitive metallic film 23 Coreless fiber 22 constitute periodic structure composition, in each cycle, the starting point of sensitive metal thin film 23 is helical-core fiber 21 With the fusion point of coreless fiber 22, the terminal of sensitive metal thin film 23 is coreless fiber 22 and the fusion point of helical-core fiber 21.
Coreless fiber 22 is to remove the optical fiber that the refractive index of coat is certain.
Sensitive metal thin film 23 include nanometer metallic film, nano-metal-oxide thin film, Nanoalloy thin film and other to humidity, Temperature, concentration, the functional and specific materials thin film of stress sensitive.
Wide spectrum light source 1 be wavelength in the range of 400~1800nm continually varying without sudden change continuous spectrum white light LASER Light Source.
Spectrogrph 3 is the spectrogrph of detection wave-length coverage 400~1800nm light intensity, and detection sensitivity is less than 1nm.
The light of multiple patterns encouraging when light is coupled into helical-core fiber 21 from wide spectrum light source 1, but the light of different mode Attenuation quotient different.
The attenuation quotient of basic mode light Marcuse model representation:
α = 1 π γ R ak 2 V 2 e 2 γ a exp ( - 2 γ 3 3 β 2 R ) - - - ( 1 )
The attenuation quotient of the light of higher order mode K.S.Kaufman model representation:
2 α = k 2 I b 2 πV 2 nk 0 R | H μ ( 2 ) ( ξ ) | 2 k v - 1 ( γ a ) k v + 1 ( γ a ) - - - ( 2 )
Wherein: a is fiber core radius, k is wave vector, and V is normalized frequency, and R is radius of curvature,For Equations of The Second Kind Hankel Function, KvIt it is the Hankel function revised.IbCan be expressed as:
I b = 4 γ 2 exp ( - 2 a γ ) π G - - - ( 3 )
Wherein G can be expressed as:
G=γ R (n2k0)-2 (4)
Wherein γ reflects the rate of decay of guided mode evanscent field:
γ = β 2 - n 2 k 0 2 - - - ( 5 )
k0Wave vector in vacuum:
k0=2 π/λ (6)
From above formula, in helical-core fiber 21, the light meeting rapid deterioration of higher order mode, but the energy of basic mode light is hardly Can be lost.Owing to the refractive index of coreless fiber 22 is more than outer medium, therefore coreless fiber 22 also constitutes light together with outer medium Close-light dredges structure, say, that coreless fiber 22 is equivalent to the fibre core of one section of multimode fibre, and outer medium is equivalent to multimode fibre Covering.When the basic mode of helical-core fiber 21 is optically coupled into coreless fiber, multiple pattern can be excited in coreless fiber 22 Light.Wherein, the basic mode light being excited directly is entered in next section of helical-core fiber 21 by coreless fiber 22, and high-order Total reflection is there is and produces evanescent wave, at the covering of coreless fiber 22 in the light of pattern at the interface of coreless fiber 22 and outer medium Outside plates sensitive metal thin film 23 and can increase the horizontal wave vector of evanescent wave, and the P polarization light in incident illumination arrives sensitive metal thin film Partial penetration sensitive metal thin film 23 during 23 surface, when the plasma wave phase of its horizontal direction wavelength with sensitive metal thin film 23 During coupling, the energy of light drastically can weaken because of the generation of surface plasma resonance.
When the dielectric constant of surrounding medium changes, corresponding resonant wavelength is the most different.Therefore, it is in one when above-mentioned sensing arrangement Time in individual large-scale single environment, time in the environment of such as 50% hydrogen 50% nitrogen, the wave spectrum recorded in spectrogrph only has One absworption peak, as shown in Figure 3.If but when the gas concentration of a certain position changes, then can detect in spectrogrph To multiple absworption peaks, as shown in Figure 4, in the case of having observed multiple absworption peak, use near the resonant wavelength of correspondence Light source is as incident light source, then can record the position that surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs by backscattering method.
Backscattering method is powerful burst pulse to be expelled in tested optical fiber, then uses optical time domain reflectometer inspection in same one end The method of the scattered light power that light-metering fibre returns dorsad, dominant mechanism is Rayleigh scattering.The feature of Rayleigh scattering light is its light wave Long identical, luminous power is directly proportional to the incident optical power of this point, thus measure along light return back rayleigh scattering luminous power just Light can be obtained along information during fiber-optic transfer, such that it is able to record the decay of optical fiber.For this test system, as There is not surface plasma resonance in fruit, then the reflected optical power recorded can growth over time and slowly reduce.But If there is surface plasma resonance somewhere, then when light travels at this, back-scattering light can strongly reduce, and passes through This phenomenon can record the position that surface plasma resonance occurs, and testing result schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 5.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for clearly demonstrating example of the present invention, and is not the embodiment party to the present invention The restriction of formula.For those of ordinary skill in the field, other not similar shape can also be made on the basis of the above description The change of formula or variation.Here without also cannot all of embodiment be given exhaustive.And these belong to the spiritual institute of the present invention That extends out obviously changes or changes among still in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, including wide spectrum light source, Fibre Optical Sensor unit and spectrogrph, described wide spectrum light source is connected with the input of Fibre Optical Sensor unit, the outfan of Fibre Optical Sensor unit is connected with spectrogrph, it is characterized in that, the periodic structure that described Fibre Optical Sensor unit is made up of the coreless fiber of one section of helical-core fiber and a section surface plated with sensitive metallic film forms, in each cycle, the starting point of sensitive metal thin film is the fusion point of helical-core fiber and coreless fiber, the terminal of sensitive metal thin film is the fusion point of coreless fiber and helical-core fiber.
Distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described coreless fiber is to remove the optical fiber that the refractive index of coat is certain.
Distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sensitive metal thin film includes nanometer metallic film, nano-metal-oxide thin film, Nanoalloy thin film and other are to humidity, temperature, concentration, the functional and specific materials thin film of stress sensitive.
Distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described wide spectrum light source be wavelength in the range of 400 ~ 1800nm continually varying without sudden change continuous spectrum white light LASER Light Source.
Distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described spectrogrph is the spectrogrph of detection wave-length coverage 400 ~ 1800nm light intensity, detection sensitivity is less than 1nm.
6. the measuring method of the distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor described in the claims 1 ~ 5 any one, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) the surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrum by detecting in spectrogrph judges the refractive index of the outer medium of coreless fiber in Fibre Optical Sensor unit;
2) when the refractive index of the outer medium of coreless fiber increases, resonant wavelength increases;When the outer medium refraction index of coreless fiber reduces, resonant wavelength reduces;
3) wide spectrum light source is changed wavelength light source near surface plasma body resonant vibration wavelength into, determine the position that surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs by backscattering method.
The measuring method of distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor the most according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step 3), if there is not surface plasma resonance, then the reflected optical power recorded growth over time and slowly reduce;If there is surface plasma resonance somewhere, when light travels at this, back-scattering light strongly reduces, and the phenomenon strongly reduced by back-scattering light records the position that surface plasma resonance occurs.
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CN108917857A (en) * 2018-09-13 2018-11-30 东北大学 A kind of long-distance surface plasmon resonance sensor based on coreless fiber
CN109115363A (en) * 2018-10-15 2019-01-01 辽宁省计量科学研究院 A kind of fibre optic temperature sensor based on surface plasma body resonant vibration and strain compensation
CN109141292A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-01-04 重庆三峡学院 A kind of fibre cladding SPR microbend sensor and its caliberating device
CN109164068A (en) * 2018-09-13 2019-01-08 东北大学 A kind of symmetrical expression long-distance surface plasmon resonance sensor
CN110044463A (en) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-23 陕西师范大学 A kind of sensing arrangement based on Fibre Optical Sensor
CN110308115A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-10-08 深圳大学 A kind of interference-type optical fiber spr sensor
CN110411959A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-11-05 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 For cavity sensor in the low detection limit of seawater salinity and temperature simultaneously measuring
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CN108279208A (en) * 2018-03-21 2018-07-13 南京信息工程大学 45 degree of fibre optical sensors based on surface phasmon effect and preparation method
CN108279208B (en) * 2018-03-21 2023-05-05 南京信息工程大学 45-degree optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon effect and preparation method
CN108917857A (en) * 2018-09-13 2018-11-30 东北大学 A kind of long-distance surface plasmon resonance sensor based on coreless fiber
CN109164068A (en) * 2018-09-13 2019-01-08 东北大学 A kind of symmetrical expression long-distance surface plasmon resonance sensor
CN109141292A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-01-04 重庆三峡学院 A kind of fibre cladding SPR microbend sensor and its caliberating device
CN109115363A (en) * 2018-10-15 2019-01-01 辽宁省计量科学研究院 A kind of fibre optic temperature sensor based on surface plasma body resonant vibration and strain compensation
CN109115363B (en) * 2018-10-15 2023-09-22 辽宁省计量科学研究院 Optical fiber temperature sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and strain compensation
CN110044463A (en) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-23 陕西师范大学 A kind of sensing arrangement based on Fibre Optical Sensor
CN110411959A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-11-05 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 For cavity sensor in the low detection limit of seawater salinity and temperature simultaneously measuring
CN110308115A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-10-08 深圳大学 A kind of interference-type optical fiber spr sensor
TWI818543B (en) * 2021-08-02 2023-10-11 日商斯庫林集團股份有限公司 Light detection device and light irradiation device

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