CN105911025B - A kind of distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor and its measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor and its measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor and its measurement methods, sensor includes wide spectrum light source, Fibre Optical Sensor unit and spectrometer, wide spectrum light source is connect with the input terminal of Fibre Optical Sensor unit, the output end of Fibre Optical Sensor unit is connect with spectrometer, and the periodic structure that Fibre Optical Sensor unit is made of the coreless fiber of one section of helical-core fiber and a section surface plated with sensitive metallic film forms.Measurement method judges the refractive index of the outer medium of coreless fiber in sensing unit by the surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrum detected in spectrometer;When the refractive index of the outer medium of coreless fiber increases, resonant wavelength increases;When outer medium refraction index reduces, resonant wavelength reduces;It changes light source light source of the wavelength near surface plasma body resonant vibration wavelength into, the position that surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs is determined with backscattering method.The present invention improves capacity usage ratio, and high sensitivity, detection difficulty is low, can realize Distributed Detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the devices of Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance, and in particular to a kind of distribution helix core light
Fine surface plasma resonance sensor and its measurement method.
Background technology
Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance is probably divided into covering class, taper or wedge-shaped probe class, different core at present
This three classes of optical fiber class.Wherein, covering class consistency when removing covering is gone to be difficult to control, taper or wedge-shaped probe class are to cutting angle
Required cutting, polishing and coating process are all very high when processing, different core fibre class, that is, multi-mode-single mode-multimode fibre
Class, this type optical fiber need not go the cumbersome techniques such as covering, polishing, control cutting angle so that optical fiber production cost substantially reduces.
The characteristics of this optical fiber is more than single mode optical fiber fibre core using the fibre core of multimode fibre enters when light is conducted from the fibre core of multimode fibre
When single mode optical fiber, light can largely leak into the covering of single mode optical fiber, and in the covering of single mode optical fiber and outer medium
Interface on occur be totally reflected and generate evanescent wave, sensitive metal film is plated outside the covering in single mode optical fiber to be produced
Raw surface plasmon resonance effect.When the outer medium of single mode optical fiber changes, corresponding surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrum
It can change.We can be according to the different outer medium of this effect measurement.
However, there is the light of many different conduction modes in multimode fibre, the light of these different modes can be with different angles
Degree leaks into single mode optical fiber, and the angle when the covering of single mode optical fiber and outer dielectric surface are totally reflected is also different, that
The different angles of total reflection can also correspond to different surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrums.That is, the resonance finally measured
Wave spectrum is really the stack spectral for the resonance wave spectrum that different mode is excited in multimode fibre.It can thus eventually lead to and measure
The halfwidth of resonance wave spectrum reduces, and measurement sensitivity reduces.And single mode optical fiber-coreless fiber-single mode optical fiber structure can be because single
Loss is too big when the fiber core cross section product of mode fiber causes light to be coupled into single mode optical fiber from coreless fiber much smaller than covering, reduces
Capacity usage ratio, is allowed to that distributed system can not be constituted.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to for deficiencies of the prior art, provide a kind of distributed spiral shell
Revolve core fibre surface plasma resonance sensor and its measurement method, the distributed spiral shell based on surface plasmon resonance effect
Core fibre-coreless fiber structure is revolved, improves capacity usage ratio, high sensitivity, detection difficulty is low, can realize Distributed Detection.
Used technical solution is the present invention to solve above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, including wide spectrum light source, Fibre Optical Sensor unit
And spectrometer, the wide spectrum light source are connect with the input terminal of Fibre Optical Sensor unit, the output end and spectrometer of Fibre Optical Sensor unit
Connection, the Fibre Optical Sensor unit are made of the coreless fiber of one section of helical-core fiber and a section surface plated with sensitive metallic film
Periodic structure composition, the starting point of sensitive metal film is the fusion point of helical-core fiber and coreless fiber in each period,
The terminal of sensitive metal film is the fusion point of coreless fiber and helical-core fiber.
By said program, the coreless fiber is to remove the certain optical fiber of refractive index of coat.
By said program, the sensitive metal film includes nanometer metallic film, nano-metal-oxide film, nanometer conjunction
Gold thin film and other to humidity, temperature, concentration, the functionality of stress sensitive and specific materials film.
By said program, the wide spectrum light source is the company without mutation of wavelength consecutive variations within the scope of 400~1800nm
Continuous spectrum white light laser light source.
By said program, the spectrometer is the spectrometer of Detection wavelength range 400~1800nm light intensity, detection sensitivity
Less than 1nm.
The present invention also provides a kind of measurement sides of above-mentioned distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor
Method includes the following steps:
1) centreless in Fibre Optical Sensor unit is judged by the surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrum detected in spectrometer
The refractive index of the outer medium of optical fiber;
2) when the refractive index of the outer medium of coreless fiber increases, resonant wavelength increases;When the outer medium of coreless fiber is rolled over
When penetrating rate reduction, resonant wavelength reduces;
3) it changes wide spectrum light source light source of the wavelength near surface plasma body resonant vibration wavelength into, is determined with backscattering method
The position of surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs.
By said program, in the step 3), if surface plasma resonance does not occur, the reflected light that measures
Power slowly reduces with the growth of time;If surface plasma resonance somewhere occurs, light propagation is at this
When back-scattering light the phenomenon that strongly reducing, being strongly reduced by back-scattering light measure generation surface plasma resonance
Position.
The operation principle of the present invention:Using one section of helical-core fiber as Optic transmission fiber, coreless fiber is as sensing unit.
When wide spectrum light source send out after being optically coupled into helical-core fiber, since the fibre core warp architecture of helical-core fiber makes high-order mode
The light of formula rapid deterioration during transmission, and the energy of basic mode is hardly lost.For coreless fiber, it and it is outer
Medium together form light it is close-light dredge structure, that is to say, that coreless fiber is equivalent to the fibre core of one section of multimode fibre, outer medium phase
When in the covering of multimode fibre.When the basic mode of helical-core fiber is optically coupled into coreless fiber, can be excited in coreless fiber
The light of multiple patterns.The basic mode light being wherein excited can be entered directly by coreless fiber in next section of helical-core fiber, and
The light of higher order mode can occur to be totally reflected and generate evanescent wave in the covering of coreless fiber and the interface of outer medium, in centreless light
The lateral wave vector that sensitive metal film will increase evanescent wave is plated on the outside of fine covering, when the wavelength of incident light meets resonance condition
When surface plasma resonance can occur.When the dielectric constant of outer medium changes, corresponding resonant wavelength can also change
Become.Different outer media can be measured based on this phenomenon.If the gas concentration of a certain position changes, in spectrometer
In detect multiple absorption peaks, in the case where having observed multiple absorption peaks, use the light source near corresponding resonant wavelength
As incident light source, then the position that surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs is measured with backscattering method.
The present invention has the advantages that compared to traditional Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance:
1, for removing the Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance of covering class, the present invention need not remove covering,
Therefore there is no going existing extent of corrosion during covering to be difficult to control, the optical fiber surface after corroding, which is difficult to polish, etc. asks
Topic;
2, for taper or wedge-shaped probe surface plasma resonance sensor, the present invention need not control optical fiber
The cutting angle or bevel angle of port such as need not also polish at the techniques;
3, for multimode fibre-single mode optical fiber-multimode fibre surface plasma resonance sensor, due to the use of
Helical-core fiber and coreless fiber so that the present invention is not present when conducting incident light with multimode fibre in existing multimode fibre
The numerous and uncontrollable problem of pattern;
4, for single mode optical fiber-coreless fiber-single mode optical fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, due to this hair
The core diameter of helical-core fiber and multimode fibre used in bright is more than single mode optical fiber so that the energy and emergent light of incident light
Energy all be higher than single mode optical fiber-coreless fiber-single mode optical fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, thus improve energy profit
With rate, high sensitivity, detection difficulty is low, can realize Distributed Detection.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of Fibre Optical Sensor unit in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is that the normalization spectrum of the present invention only has the structural schematic diagram of an absorption peak;
Fig. 4, which is the normalization spectrum of the present invention, the structural schematic diagram of multiple absorption peaks;
Fig. 5 is the spectral schematic of spectrometer detection of the present invention;
In figure, 1- wide spectrum light sources, 2- Fibre Optical Sensor units, 21- helical-core fibers, 22- coreless fibers, the sensitive metals 23-
Film, 3- spectrometers, 4- computers.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Shown in referring to Fig.1, distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor of the present invention, including width
Spectrum light source 1, Fibre Optical Sensor unit 2 and spectrometer 3, wide spectrum light source 1 are connect with the input terminal of Fibre Optical Sensor unit 2, Fibre Optical Sensor
The output end of unit 2 is connect with spectrometer 3, and spectrometer 3 is connected to computer 4.
With reference to shown in Fig. 2, Fibre Optical Sensor unit 2 is by one section of helical-core fiber 21 and a section surface plated with sensitive metallic film
The periodic structure composition that 23 coreless fiber 22 is constituted, the starting point of sensitive metal film 23 is helical-core fiber in each period
21 and coreless fiber 22 fusion point, the terminal of sensitive metal film 23 is the welding of coreless fiber 22 and helical-core fiber 21
Point.
Coreless fiber 22 is to remove the certain optical fiber of refractive index of coat.
Sensitive metal film 23 include nanometer metallic film, nano-metal-oxide film, Nanoalloy film and other
To humidity, temperature, concentration, the functionality of stress sensitive and specific materials film.
Wide spectrum light source 1 is the continuous spectrum white light laser light without mutation of wavelength consecutive variations within the scope of 400~1800nm
Source.
Spectrometer 3 is the spectrometer of Detection wavelength range 400~1800nm light intensity, and detection sensitivity is less than 1nm.
When the light of light multiple patterns from it can be encouraged when wide spectrum light source 1 is coupled into helical-core fiber 21, but different moulds
The attenuation coefficient of the light of formula is different.
The attenuation coefficient of basic mode light is indicated with Marcuse models:
The attenuation coefficient of the light of higher order mode is indicated with K.S.Kaufman models:
Wherein:A is fiber core radius, and k is wave vector, and V is normalized frequency, and R is radius of curvature,For the second class
Hankel functions, KvIt is modified Hankel functions.IbIt can be expressed as:
Wherein G can be expressed as:
G=γ R (n2k0)-2 (4)
Wherein γ reflects the rate of decay of guided mode evanscent field:
k0For the wave vector in vacuum:
k0=2 π/λ (6)
From the above equation, we can see that in helical-core fiber 21, the light meeting rapid deterioration of higher order mode, but the energy of basic mode light is several
It will not be lost.Since the refractive index of coreless fiber 22 is more than outer medium, coreless fiber 22 and outer medium are also constituted together
Light is close-and light dredges structure, that is to say, that and coreless fiber 22 is equivalent to the fibre core of one section of multimode fibre, outer medium is equivalent to multimode light
Fine covering.When the basic mode of helical-core fiber 21 is optically coupled into coreless fiber, can be excited in coreless fiber 22 multiple
The light of pattern.Wherein, the basic mode light being excited directly is entered by coreless fiber 22 in next section of helical-core fiber 21, and high
The light of rank pattern occurs to be totally reflected and generates evanescent wave in the interface of coreless fiber 22 and outer medium, in the packet of coreless fiber 22
Layer outside plates the lateral wave vector that sensitive metal film 23 will increase evanescent wave, and the P polarization light in incident light reaches sensitive metal
Partial penetration sensitive metal film 23 when 23 surface of film, when the plasma of its horizontal direction wavelength and sensitive metal film 23
When wave matches, the energy of light can drastically weaken because of the generation of surface plasma resonance.
When the dielectric constant of surrounding medium changes, corresponding resonant wavelength is also different.Therefore, at above-mentioned sensing arrangement
When in a large-scale single environment, such as when in the environment of 50% hydrogen, 50% nitrogen, the wave that is measured in spectrometer
Spectrum can there are one absorption peaks, as shown in Figure 3.It, can be in spectrum but if when the gas concentration of a certain position changes
Multiple absorption peaks are detected in instrument, as shown in figure 4, in the case where having observed multiple absorption peaks, use corresponding resonance wave
Light source near long is as incident light source, then the position that surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs can be measured with backscattering method.
Backscattering method is that powerful burst pulse is injected into tested optical fiber, then anti-using optical time domain in the same end
Instrument detection fiber is penetrated backwards to the method for the scattering luminous power returned, dominant mechanism is Rayleigh scattering.Rayleigh scattering light is characterized in
Its optical wavelength is identical, and luminous power is directly proportional to the incident optical power of the point, is dissipated backwards to Rayleigh along what light returned so measuring
It penetrates luminous power and is obtained with information when light is transmitted along optical fiber, so as to measure the decaying of optical fiber.Particularly for this test
For system, if surface plasma resonance does not occur, the reflected optical power that measures can with the growth of time and
Slowly reduce.But if surface plasma resonance somewhere occurs, back-scattering light when light propagation is at this
It can strongly reduce, the position that surface plasma resonance occurs, testing result schematic diagram can be measured by this phenomenon
As shown in Figure 5.
Obviously, the above embodiment is merely an example for clearly illustrating the present invention, and is not to the present invention
The restriction of embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the art, it can also be made on the basis of the above description
Its various forms of variation or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And these belong to this hair
The obvious changes or variations that bright spirit is extended out are still in the protection scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor, including wide spectrum light source, Fibre Optical Sensor unit and
Spectrometer, the wide spectrum light source are connect with the input terminal of Fibre Optical Sensor unit, and output end and the spectrometer of Fibre Optical Sensor unit connect
Connect, which is characterized in that the Fibre Optical Sensor unit by one section of helical-core fiber and a section surface plated with sensitive metallic film nothing
The periodic structure composition that core fibre is constituted, the starting point of sensitive metal film is helical-core fiber and coreless fiber in each period
Fusion point, the terminal of sensitive metal film is the fusion point of coreless fiber and helical-core fiber.
2. distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It is to remove the certain optical fiber of refractive index of coat to state coreless fiber.
3. distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It includes nanometer metallic film, nano-metal-oxide film, Nanoalloy film to state sensitive metal film.
4. distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
State the continuous spectrum white light laser light source without mutation that wide spectrum light source is wavelength consecutive variations within the scope of 400 ~ 1800nm.
5. distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The spectrometer that spectrometer is Detection wavelength range 400 ~ 1800nm light intensity is stated, detection sensitivity is less than 1nm.
6. the distributed helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor described in a kind of 1 ~ 5 any one of the claims
Measurement method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
1)Judge coreless fiber in Fibre Optical Sensor unit by the surface plasma body resonant vibration wave spectrum detected in spectrometer
Outer medium refractive index;
2)When the refractive index of the outer medium of coreless fiber increases, resonant wavelength increases;When the outer medium refraction index of coreless fiber
When reduction, resonant wavelength reduces;
3)It changes wide spectrum light source light source of the wavelength near surface plasma body resonant vibration wavelength into, is determined and occurred with backscattering method
The position of surface plasma body resonant vibration.
7. the measurement method of distribution helical-core fiber surface plasma resonance sensor according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that, the step 3)In, if surface plasma resonance does not occur, the reflected optical power that measures with when
Between growth and slowly reduce;If surface plasma resonance somewhere occurs, backscattering when light propagation is at this
Light strongly reduces, and the phenomenon that being strongly reduced by back-scattering light measures the position that surface plasma resonance occurs.
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