CN105651738A - Helical-core optical fiber SPR sensor - Google Patents
Helical-core optical fiber SPR sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于光纤SPR传感技术领域，具体涉及的是一种可以广泛应用于生物传感、化学分析、药品研发、食品安全、环境监测、医学诊断等领域的螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器。一种螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器，由输入光纤1、输入光纤的纤芯2、光纤焊接面、螺旋光纤芯4、光纤D型剖面5、金纳米膜6、输出光纤8、输出光纤的纤芯9组成。种螺旋芯光纤的优势在于将纤芯的弯曲结构置于光纤内部。用螺旋的等效曲率半径代替光纤的弯曲半径，可以实现弯曲光纤所不能实现的小弯曲半径，通过合理的设置几何和物理参数，可以提供一个有效的单模输出，提高了SPR测量的分辨率和稳定性。
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber SPR sensing, and specifically relates to a spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor that can be widely used in fields such as biological sensing, chemical analysis, drug research and development, food safety, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnosis. A spiral core optical fiber SPR sensor, comprising an input optical fiber 1, an input optical fiber core 2, an optical fiber welding surface, a spiral optical fiber core 4, an optical fiber D-shaped section 5, a gold nanofilm 6, an output optical fiber 8, and an output optical fiber core 9 composition. The advantage of this kind of spiral core fiber is that the bending structure of the core is placed inside the fiber. Replacing the bending radius of the optical fiber with the equivalent curvature radius of the helix can achieve a small bending radius that cannot be achieved by bending the optical fiber. By setting the geometric and physical parameters reasonably, an effective single-mode output can be provided and the resolution of SPR measurement can be improved. and stability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光纤SPR传感技术领域，具体涉及的是一种可以广泛应用于生物传感、化学分析、药品研发、食品安全、环境监测、医学诊断等领域的螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器。The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber SPR sensing, and specifically relates to a spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor that can be widely used in fields such as biological sensing, chemical analysis, drug research and development, food safety, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnosis.
背景技术Background technique
信息获取与处理已经成为现代信息技术领域的核心，对社会发展、科技进步起着重要的作用。传感器作为信息获取与处理系统中最核心的部件，直接面向被测量的对象，将被测对象参数转换为信号，是现代信息技术的重要基础，在现代社会发展中有着广泛的应用。表面等离子体共振技术(SurfacePlasmonResonance,SPR)以其对外界介质折射率细微变化极其敏感的特性，近年来在传感领域的应用日趋广泛，并得到了飞速的发展。光纤SPR传感技术将SPR技术和光纤传感技术有效的结合起来，实现光纤表面等离子体共振传感测量。光纤SPR传感器具有传统传感器件无法比拟的优势，可以用于非常狭小空间的测量。以往的SPR传感器采用棱镜作为光学耦合器件，由于棱镜体积大，对装置设置要求高，因此限制了它的应用，而使用光纤作为耦合器件，不但可以用于狭小空间实现测量，而且性能稳定，不易受外界因素的影响。此外，光纤SPR传感器具备了光纤可以远距离传输和实时性好的特点，因此光纤SPR传感器可实现远距离实时在线检测的功能。光纤SPR传感器还可以有效的与其他光学器件进行集成，具有良好的稳定性和灵活性。Information acquisition and processing has become the core of modern information technology and plays an important role in social development and scientific and technological progress. As the core component of the information acquisition and processing system, the sensor directly faces the measured object and converts the measured object parameters into signals. It is an important foundation of modern information technology and has a wide range of applications in the development of modern society. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is extremely sensitive to slight changes in the refractive index of the external medium. In recent years, it has been widely used in the field of sensing and has developed rapidly. Optical fiber SPR sensing technology effectively combines SPR technology and optical fiber sensing technology to realize optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensing measurement. Optical fiber SPR sensors have incomparable advantages over traditional sensor devices and can be used for measurements in very narrow spaces. In the past, SPR sensors used prisms as optical coupling devices. Due to the large volume of prisms and high requirements for device settings, its application was limited. Using optical fibers as coupling devices not only can be used in narrow spaces to achieve measurement, but also has stable performance and is not easy to use. affected by external factors. In addition, the optical fiber SPR sensor has the characteristics of long-distance optical fiber transmission and good real-time performance, so the optical fiber SPR sensor can realize the function of long-distance real-time online detection. The fiber optic SPR sensor can also be effectively integrated with other optical devices, and has good stability and flexibility.
表面等离子体共振是一种物理光学现象，表面等离子体波是沿着金属和电介质间界面传播的电磁波，当特定波长偏振光以某一特定的角度入射到分界面而发生全反射时，入射光被耦合为表面等离子体波而被衰减，引起界面全反射的光能量呈指数衰减，发生表面等离子体共振。发生共振时的入射角称为共振角。在实际的应用中，为了获取共振角，通常对直波导光纤进行一系列复杂的操作工艺，以求获取共振角。文献(AnalyticalChemistry,0003-2700，1994，66卷，7期，963页)中介绍了一种制作方法，首先将光纤涂覆层去除，然后将光纤黏贴到一个弯曲的铝抛光片上，在抛光的过程中需要用氦氖激光束监测，当抛磨到通过光线的激光强度开始下降时，停止抛磨，此种方法工艺复杂，而且制备精度较低。文献(SensorsandActuatorsB51(1998)311–315)和文献(SensorsandActuatorsB29(1995)401-405)中介绍的SPR传感器虽然获得了较好的传感特性，但是为了获得共振的条件，都是通过弯曲光纤以获得共振角，由于光纤材料特性，光纤很容易被折断，稳定性和一致性较差。Surface plasmon resonance is a physical optical phenomenon. Surface plasmon waves are electromagnetic waves propagating along the interface between metals and dielectrics. When polarized light of a specific wavelength enters the interface at a specific angle and is totally reflected, the incident light When coupled into surface plasmon waves and attenuated, the light energy caused by the total reflection of the interface decays exponentially, and surface plasmon resonance occurs. The angle of incidence at which resonance occurs is called the resonance angle. In practical applications, in order to obtain the resonance angle, a series of complex operations are usually performed on the straight waveguide fiber in order to obtain the resonance angle. The literature (AnalyticalChemistry, 0003-2700, 1994, volume 66, phase 7, page 963) introduces a manufacturing method, first removes the optical fiber coating, then sticks the optical fiber to a curved aluminum polishing sheet, and then polishes it The process needs to be monitored by a helium-neon laser beam, and when the intensity of the laser beam passing through the light begins to decrease, the polishing is stopped. This method is complex in process and low in preparation accuracy. Although the SPR sensors introduced in the literature (Sensors and Actuators B51 (1998) 311–315) and the literature (Sensors and Actuators B29 (1995) 401-405) have obtained good sensing characteristics, in order to obtain resonance conditions, they are obtained by bending the optical fiber. Resonance angle, due to the characteristics of the fiber material, the fiber is easily broken, and the stability and consistency are poor.
随着SPR传感器应用领域的日益广泛，其在很多领域广阔的应用前景得到了研究者的认同，越来越多的学者被SPR传感器的应用前景和潜力所吸引，投入到SPR传感器研究当中。With the increasing application of SPR sensors, its broad application prospects in many fields have been recognized by researchers. More and more scholars are attracted by the application prospects and potential of SPR sensors and invest in the research of SPR sensors.
申请号为201510400263.6的发明专利中介绍了一种分布式表面等离子体共振光纤传感器，在双芯光纤上加工有成对满足一定错位长度分布的V型槽，在V型槽斜面上镀有传感层，此种结构的光纤SPR传感器虽然能够很好地与全光纤系统进行低损耗链接，但是由于制备工艺要求较高、难以实现批量制备。申请号为201410610073.2的专利介绍了一种基于周期性金属结构的光纤局域表面等离子共振传感器，在光纤纤芯的传感区的外周面上设置有纳米尺度的周期性金属纳米螺旋状结构，以激发局域表面等离子体共振效应。申请号为200910073960.X专利提出一种棱镜SPR高灵敏度光纤液体折射率传感器，采用棱镜作为耦合器件，体积大，限制了其应用范围。申请号为201210067372.的专利中介绍一种石墨烯薄膜增敏的D型光纤SPR传感器及其制备方法，在银膜层表面沉积石墨烯薄膜层来增加该SPR传感器的灵敏度。该方法具有一定的新颖性，具有灵敏度高和响应快的优点，但是在传感器结构上没有新的改进，达到等离子体共振条件比较困难。The invention patent with the application number 201510400263.6 introduces a distributed surface plasmon resonance optical fiber sensor. A pair of V-shaped grooves satisfying a certain dislocation length distribution are processed on the double-core optical fiber, and a sensor sensor is coated on the slope of the V-shaped groove. Although the optical fiber SPR sensor with this structure can be well connected with the all-fiber system with low loss, it is difficult to achieve batch preparation due to the high requirements of the preparation process. The patent with the application number 201410610073.2 introduces a fiber optic localized surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a periodic metal structure. A nanometer-scale periodic metal nanohelical structure is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the sensing area of the fiber core. Excite the localized surface plasmon resonance effect. The patent application No. 200910073960.X proposes a prism SPR high-sensitivity optical fiber liquid refractive index sensor, which uses a prism as a coupling device, which is bulky and limits its application range. The patent application No. 201210067372. introduces a graphene thin film sensitized D-type optical fiber SPR sensor and its preparation method. The graphene thin film layer is deposited on the surface of the silver film layer to increase the sensitivity of the SPR sensor. This method has a certain novelty, and has the advantages of high sensitivity and fast response, but there is no new improvement in the sensor structure, and it is difficult to achieve plasmon resonance conditions.
本发明针对以上在先技术存在的优点和不足。提出一种螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器。纤芯的螺旋弯曲结构是建构在光纤的内部，通过合理的设置螺距和曲率等几何参数，不仅可以有效的将高阶模式去除，实现单模传输，从而实现高分辨率、高稳定性SPR的测量，而且通过对获得各种角度的SPR共振角，从而满足不同的测量需求。本发明在保留了全光纤SPR传感器体积小、不易受外界环境影响的同时，还具有制作简单、实用性强等特点。The present invention addresses the advantages and disadvantages of the above prior art. A spiral core fiber optic SPR sensor is proposed. The helical bending structure of the fiber core is built inside the fiber. By setting the geometric parameters such as pitch and curvature reasonably, not only can the high-order mode be effectively removed, but single-mode transmission can be realized, thereby achieving high-resolution and high-stability SPR. Measurement, and by obtaining SPR resonance angles of various angles, so as to meet different measurement requirements. The invention not only retains the small size of the all-fiber SPR sensor and is not easily affected by the external environment, but also has the characteristics of simple manufacture and strong practicability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高分辨率、稳定性强、结构简单，可实现不同角度SPR共振角等特点的螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a helical core optical fiber SPR sensor with the characteristics of high resolution, strong stability, simple structure, and the ability to realize SPR resonance angles of different angles.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
一种螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器，由输入光纤1、输入光纤的纤芯2、光纤焊接面、螺旋光纤芯4、光纤D型剖面5、金纳米膜6、输出光纤8、输出光纤的纤芯9组成；所述螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器，是由两端各自焊接一段标准单模光纤，中间焊接一段螺旋芯光纤的三明治结构组成；螺旋芯光纤是借助于热融旋转技术制备而成的；通过采用光纤侧抛方法，使得该螺旋芯光纤部分光纤芯裸露，最后，采用溅射法在该抛光面制备适当厚度的金纳米膜；就构成了该新型螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器。A spiral core optical fiber SPR sensor, comprising an input optical fiber 1, an input optical fiber core 2, an optical fiber welding surface, a spiral optical fiber core 4, an optical fiber D-shaped section 5, a gold nanofilm 6, an output optical fiber 8, and an output optical fiber core 9 Composition; the spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor is composed of a sandwich structure in which a section of standard single-mode optical fiber is welded at both ends and a section of spiral-core optical fiber is welded in the middle; the spiral-core optical fiber is prepared by means of thermal melting rotation technology; by adopting The fiber side polishing method exposes part of the fiber core of the helical-core optical fiber, and finally, a gold nano-film of appropriate thickness is prepared on the polished surface by sputtering; thus the new helical-core optical fiber SPR sensor is formed.
本发明中金属膜采用金或金属银来制备；膜的厚度为50nm。In the present invention, the metal film is prepared by using gold or metallic silver; the thickness of the film is 50nm.
所述螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器两端与标准单模光纤进行连接或制作成标准光纤器件，插入光纤测量系统中。Both ends of the spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor are connected to standard single-mode optical fibers or made into standard optical fiber devices, and inserted into the optical fiber measurement system.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明采用螺旋芯光纤结构制作光纤SPR传感器，这种螺旋芯光纤的优势在于将纤芯的弯曲结构置于光纤内部。用螺旋的等效曲率半径代替光纤的弯曲半径，可以实现弯曲光纤所不能实现的小弯曲半径，通过合理的设置几何和物理参数，可以提供一个有效的单模输出，提高了SPR测量的分辨率和稳定性，此外，采用螺旋芯光纤另外一个优势在于，更容易找到SPR共振角，通过调整螺旋光纤的螺距，可以得到各种角度的SPR共振角，进而满足不同的测量需求。本发明在保留了全光纤SPR传感器体积小、不易受外界环境影响的同时还具有制作简单、一致性好、适于批量规模化制作的优点。The present invention adopts the spiral core fiber structure to manufacture the optical fiber SPR sensor. The advantage of the spiral core fiber is that the bending structure of the fiber core is placed inside the fiber. Replacing the bending radius of the optical fiber with the equivalent curvature radius of the helix can achieve a small bending radius that cannot be achieved by bending the optical fiber. By setting the geometric and physical parameters reasonably, an effective single-mode output can be provided and the resolution of the SPR measurement can be improved. In addition, another advantage of using a helical core fiber is that it is easier to find the SPR resonance angle. By adjusting the pitch of the helical fiber, SPR resonance angles at various angles can be obtained to meet different measurement requirements. The invention retains the small volume of the all-fiber SPR sensor and is not easily affected by the external environment, and at the same time has the advantages of simple manufacture, good consistency, and suitable for batch and large-scale manufacture.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a spiral-core fiber optic SPR sensor.
图2是螺旋芯光纤结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spiral core fiber.
图3是一个周期的螺旋芯光纤直角坐标系中的平面示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a periodic helical core optical fiber in a Cartesian coordinate system.
图4单周期螺旋芯光纤SPR直角坐标结构示意图。Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of Cartesian coordinate structure of single-period helical core fiber SPR.
图5一段螺旋芯在螺旋坐标中分析示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of analysis of a section of helical core in helical coordinates.
图6是螺旋芯光纤SPR反射功率谱曲线图。Fig. 6 is a curve diagram of the SPR reflection power spectrum of the spiral core fiber.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体的附图来进一步阐述本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific drawings.
本发明提供的是一种螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器。其特征是：它由输入光纤1、输入光纤的纤芯2、光纤焊接面3和7、螺旋光纤芯4、光纤D型剖面5、金纳米膜6、输出光纤8、输出光纤的纤芯9组成。本发明采用偏心光纤，借助于热融旋转技术制备螺旋芯光纤，采用光纤侧面抛方法使得偏心螺旋光纤芯裸露；采用溅射法制备纳米金膜，两端采用与标准单模光纤对准焊接的连接方法，即制备成了螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器，本发明是一种高灵敏度全光纤型的SPR传感器。本发明所提出的这种螺旋芯光纤，纤芯的螺旋式弯曲形状构建在光纤的内部，通过合理的设置螺距和曲率等几何参数和物理参数，可以有效的将高阶模式去除，实现单模传输，从而获得SPR传感的高分辨率和测量的稳定性。而且通过调整螺旋芯光纤的几何参数可以得到各种角度的SPR共振角，进而满足不同的测量需求。本发明在保留了全光纤SPR传感器体积小、不易受外界环境影响的同时还具制作简单、适合于批量规模化生产的特点。该光纤SPR传感器使用方便、可以广泛应用于生物传感、化学分析、药品研发、食品安全、环境监测、医学诊断等领域。通过对螺旋芯光纤纤芯的直径、螺旋芯的螺距和螺旋曲率这些几何参数进行合理的设置，可以将高阶模式有效的滤除，实现单模传输。光纤中的螺旋芯，呈现缓变趋势，传感区域根据SPR共振条件的需要，由SPR共振角的大小，确定金纳米膜切向平面与纤芯交界最佳共振角度θ。采用光纤侧抛方法使光纤芯裸露，不失本发明的精神，在对应的螺旋芯部分也可以采用蚀刻或紫外激光微加工的方法挖沟槽方法使光纤纤芯裸露，以便于与外面镀制的金纳米膜构成SPR共振条件。The invention provides a spiral core optical fiber SPR sensor. Its characteristics are: it consists of input optical fiber 1, input optical fiber core 2, optical fiber welding surfaces 3 and 7, spiral optical fiber core 4, optical fiber D-shaped section 5, gold nano film 6, output optical fiber 8, and output optical fiber core 9 composition. The present invention adopts the eccentric optical fiber, prepares the spiral core optical fiber by means of thermal melting and rotating technology, adopts the side throwing method of the optical fiber to expose the core of the eccentric spiral optical fiber; adopts the sputtering method to prepare the nano-gold film, and the two ends are aligned and welded with the standard single-mode optical fiber The connection method is to prepare a spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor, and the invention is a high-sensitivity all-fiber SPR sensor. In the helical core optical fiber proposed by the present invention, the helical bending shape of the fiber core is built inside the optical fiber, and by reasonably setting the geometric parameters and physical parameters such as pitch and curvature, the high-order mode can be effectively removed to realize single-mode Transmission, so as to obtain the high resolution of SPR sensing and the stability of measurement. Moreover, SPR resonance angles of various angles can be obtained by adjusting the geometric parameters of the helical core fiber, thereby satisfying different measurement requirements. The invention retains the small size of the all-fiber SPR sensor and is not easily affected by the external environment, and at the same time has the characteristics of simple manufacture and is suitable for batch and large-scale production. The optical fiber SPR sensor is easy to use and can be widely used in the fields of biological sensing, chemical analysis, drug research and development, food safety, environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and the like. By properly setting geometric parameters such as the diameter of the helical core fiber core, the pitch of the helical core, and the helical curvature, high-order modes can be effectively filtered out to achieve single-mode transmission. The helical core in the optical fiber presents a slow-changing trend. According to the requirements of the SPR resonance condition, the sensing area determines the optimal resonance angle θ at the junction of the tangential plane of the gold nanofilm and the fiber core by the size of the SPR resonance angle. Using the fiber side throwing method to expose the fiber core, without losing the spirit of the present invention, can also use etching or ultraviolet laser micromachining to dig grooves on the corresponding spiral core to expose the fiber core so that it can be plated with the outside. The gold nanofilm constitutes the SPR resonance condition.
一种螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器它由输入光纤1、输入光纤的纤芯2、光纤焊接面3和7、螺旋光纤芯4、光纤D型剖面5、金纳米膜6、输出光纤8、输出光纤纤芯9组成。所述螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器，是由两端各自焊接一段标准单模光纤，中间焊接一段螺旋芯光纤的三明治结构组成。螺旋芯光纤是借助于热融旋转技术制备而成的。通过采用光纤侧抛方法，使得该螺旋芯光纤部分光纤芯裸露，最后，采用溅射法在该抛光面制备适当厚度的金纳米膜。就构成了该新型螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器。如图1由输入光纤1、输入光纤的纤芯2、光纤焊接面3和7、螺旋光纤芯4、光纤D型剖面5、金纳米膜6、输出光纤8、输出光纤纤芯9组成。A spiral core optical fiber SPR sensor which consists of an input optical fiber 1, an input optical fiber core 2, optical fiber welding surfaces 3 and 7, a spiral optical fiber core 4, an optical fiber D-shaped section 5, a gold nanofilm 6, an output optical fiber 8, an output optical fiber Core 9 composition. The spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor is composed of a sandwich structure in which a section of standard single-mode optical fiber is welded at both ends and a section of spiral-core optical fiber is welded in the middle. The helical core fiber is prepared by means of thermal fusion spinning technology. Part of the fiber core of the spiral-core fiber is exposed by adopting the fiber side polishing method, and finally, a gold nano film with a proper thickness is prepared on the polished surface by a sputtering method. This constitutes the novel helical core fiber SPR sensor. As shown in Figure 1, it consists of input optical fiber 1, input optical fiber core 2, optical fiber welding surfaces 3 and 7, spiral optical fiber core 4, optical fiber D-shaped section 5, gold nanofilm 6, output optical fiber 8, and output optical fiber core 9.
该螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器，是通过对螺旋芯光纤纤芯的直径、螺旋芯的螺距和螺旋曲率这些几何参数进行合理的设置，可以将高阶模式有效的滤除，实现单模传输。首先，采用偏心光纤进行制备，借助于热融旋转技术制备螺旋芯光纤；其次，采用光纤侧抛方法使光纤芯裸露；然后，采用溅射法制备纳米金膜。The helical-core optical fiber SPR sensor can effectively filter out high-order modes and realize single-mode transmission by reasonably setting geometric parameters such as the diameter of the helical-core optical fiber core, the pitch of the helical core, and the helical curvature. Firstly, the eccentric optical fiber is used for preparation, and the helical core optical fiber is prepared by means of thermal melting and spinning technology; secondly, the optical fiber core is exposed by the fiber side throwing method; then, the nano-gold film is prepared by the sputtering method.
该螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器在构建的过程中，光纤中的螺旋芯呈现缓变趋势，传感区域根据SPR共振条件的需要，由SPR共振角的大小，来确定金纳米膜切向平面与纤芯交界最佳共振角度θ。During the construction process of the helical core optical fiber SPR sensor, the helical core in the optical fiber shows a gradual change trend, and the sensing area is determined by the SPR resonance angle according to the requirements of the SPR resonance conditions. Junction optimum resonance angle θ.
该螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器的传感区是采用光纤侧抛方法使光纤芯裸露，不失本发明的精神，在对应的螺旋芯部分也可以采用蚀刻或紫外激光微加工的方法挖沟槽方法使光纤纤芯裸露，以便于与外面镀制的金纳米膜构成SPR共振条件。The sensing area of the spiral core optical fiber SPR sensor adopts the fiber side throwing method to expose the optical fiber core, without losing the spirit of the present invention, the corresponding spiral core part can also be made by etching or ultraviolet laser micromachining. The core of the optical fiber is exposed so as to form the SPR resonance condition with the gold nano-film plated on the outside.
该螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器中的金属膜，既可以采用金，也可以采用金属银来制备。当采用金制备纳米膜时，具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、稳定性好等优点。例如：金膜的厚度可选为50nm。The metal film in the spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor can be prepared by using gold or metallic silver. When gold is used to prepare nanometer membranes, it has the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response speed, and good stability. For example: the thickness of the gold film can be selected as 50nm.
该螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器的两端可以与标准单模光纤进行连接，一方面可以制作成标准光纤器件，插入光纤测量系统中。另一方面，也可以实现远距离传输，构成远程SPR光纤传感系统。The two ends of the spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor can be connected with a standard single-mode optical fiber. On the one hand, it can be made into a standard optical fiber device and inserted into an optical fiber measurement system. On the other hand, long-distance transmission can also be realized to form a remote SPR optical fiber sensing system.
图1给出了螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器结构示意图。螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器是由输入光纤1、输入光纤的纤芯2、光纤焊接面3和7、螺旋光纤芯4、光纤D型剖面5、金纳米膜6、输出光纤8、输出光纤纤芯9组成。Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the structure of the helical core fiber SPR sensor. The spiral core optical fiber SPR sensor is composed of input optical fiber 1, input optical fiber core 2, optical fiber welding surface 3 and 7, spiral optical fiber core 4, optical fiber D-shaped section 5, gold nano film 6, output optical fiber 8, output optical fiber core 9 composition.
螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器，首先，采用偏心光纤进行制备，借助于热融旋转技术制备螺旋芯光纤；其次，采用光纤侧抛方法使光纤芯裸露；然后，采用溅射法制备纳米金膜。The spiral-core optical fiber SPR sensor, firstly, is prepared by using eccentric optical fiber, and the spiral-core optical fiber is prepared by means of hot-melt rotation technology; secondly, the optical fiber core is exposed by the fiber side throwing method; then, the nano-gold film is prepared by the sputtering method.
为了更好的理解本螺旋芯光纤SPR传感器是如何实现的，下面给出详细的数学描述：In order to better understand how the spiral core fiber SPR sensor is realized, a detailed mathematical description is given below:
图2给出了螺旋芯光纤结构示意图，其中P为螺旋芯光纤纤芯螺距，Q为纤芯距离中心轴的偏移量,RB为等效曲率半径，如图5中所示。Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a spiral-core fiber, where P is the pitch of the core of the spiral-core fiber, Q is the offset between the core and the central axis, and R B is the equivalent radius of curvature, as shown in Figure 5.
螺旋芯光纤是利用螺旋的等效曲率半径代替光纤的弯曲，从而产生适当的SPR共振角。等效曲率半径和共振角θ可以利用下式进行表示：The helical core fiber uses the equivalent curvature radius of the helix to replace the bending of the fiber, so as to generate an appropriate SPR resonance angle. The equivalent curvature radius and resonance angle θ can be expressed by the following formula:
其中θ为金纳米膜切面与光纤芯切点处的传输方向之间的夹角。Where θ is the angle between the tangent plane of the gold nanofilm and the transmission direction at the tangent point of the fiber core.
本发明采用的螺旋芯光纤会具有一定的辐射损耗，可以借助于3D-标量光束传播法来分析螺旋芯光纤的模式损耗特性。通过软件进行建模仿真，详细研究集合参数和物理参数对螺旋芯光纤模式损耗的影响，以获取基模传输特性。图3为一个周期的螺旋芯在XOY、XOZ、YOZ面上的投影。再根据Marcuse模型光纤中基模弯曲损耗公式以及K.S.Kaufman模型的高阶模损耗公式(2)和(3)来优化光纤的几何参数。The helical core fiber used in the present invention has certain radiation loss, and the mode loss characteristics of the helical core fiber can be analyzed by means of the 3D-scalar beam propagation method. Modeling and simulation is carried out through software, and the influence of set parameters and physical parameters on the mode loss of the spiral core fiber is studied in detail to obtain the fundamental mode transmission characteristics. Fig. 3 is the projection of a period spiral core on XOY, XOZ, YOZ planes. Then according to the fundamental mode bending loss formula in the Marcuse model fiber and the high-order mode loss formula (2) and (3) of the K.S.Kaufman model, the geometric parameters of the fiber are optimized.
根据表面等离子体共振条件，即纤芯中的波矢在X方向的分量与表面等离子体波矢相等时，发生能量耦合，产生表面等离子激元共振。由菲涅耳公式可以推导出整个光纤SPR传感器的反射率，进而得到SPR的功率谱曲线，实现待测介质的测量。According to the surface plasmon resonance condition, that is, when the wave vector in the core has the same component in the X direction as the surface plasmon wave vector, energy coupling occurs and surface plasmon resonance occurs. The reflectivity of the entire optical fiber SPR sensor can be deduced from the Fresnel formula, and then the power spectrum curve of the SPR can be obtained to realize the measurement of the medium to be measured.
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