CN109655431A - Toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor - Google Patents
Toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109655431A CN109655431A CN201811520110.5A CN201811520110A CN109655431A CN 109655431 A CN109655431 A CN 109655431A CN 201811520110 A CN201811520110 A CN 201811520110A CN 109655431 A CN109655431 A CN 109655431A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
- G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
- G01N21/554—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons detecting the surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals, e.g. localised surface plasmon resonance
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Abstract
The present invention is to provide a kind of toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensors.It is characterized in that: it is by input optical fibre, annular core fibre, SPR sensorgram nanometer film and output optical fibre composition.In the system: annular core fibre corrodes by side rubbing down or hydrofluoric acid, remove part of clad, in side, rubbing down or hydrofluoric acid corrosion area prepare one layer of SPR sensorgram nanometer film, form SPR sensorgram area, input optical fibre is by light beam coupling into transmitting in toroidal cores, and when beam Propagation to SPR sensorgram area, resonance occurs for the light wave for meeting SPR condition of resonance, realize SPR sensorgram, the output light for carrying heat transfer agent is coupled into output optical fibre output.The present invention can be used for the sensing measurement of the variations in refractive index of liquid environment, can be widely used for biochemistry field of sensing technologies.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensors, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
(2) background technique
In the 1980s, Kretschmann prism-type spr sensor has experimentally been applied to chemistry and biology
Detection in, due to this design is simple, conveniently, be still widely used so far by people.Although Kretschmann prism-type
Spr sensor performance is stablized, but since it needs optical device and mechanical component cooperating, so that systems bulky,
It is usually applicable only to laboratory testing, is unable to satisfy the fixed-point type detection of external environment or narrow complex environment；And it this kind of sets
The standby middle incident light angle modulation component for needing precision, so that its cost is very high.Therefore, commercialized SPR equipment is (such as
Biacore, GEHealthcare) do not have on biochemistry detection is applied compared to other similar detection devices yet it is very strong competing
Strive power.Therefore, although the research of optical fiber SPR sensor and application are much late compared with prism-type spr sensor, due to optical fiber
Spr sensor is using optical fiber as transmission medium, and with relative low price, structure is small, stability is good, flexibility ratio is high, can
Realize remote online detection and the features such as be easily integrated, this allow for optical fiber technology at present chemistry, biology, environment with
And field of medicaments suffers from considerable researching value, thus optical fiber SPR sensor also becomes SPR sensorgram research field in recent years
New hot spot.
Optical fiber sensing is reported in 1993 earliest, and Jorgenson inspires SPR using multimode fibre optical fiber plated film
(JORGENSON R, YEE S., Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, 1993,12 (3): 213-20.), thus
Open the upsurge of optical fiber sensing Study of An.Although high based on multimode fibre transmission energy, due to there is mode in a fiber
Coupling, polarization state loss, but obtained resonance paddy is shallow and wide.In order to solve problem above, Slavik et al. uses micro-bend side
Throw single mode optical fiber scheme (SLAV í K R, HOMOLA J,J.Sensors and Actuators B:
Chemical,1999,54(1):74-9.).In addition, there has been proposed prepare on optical fiber in order to improve the launching efficiency of SPR
The method of a variety of different structures out.Such as the evanescent field of side throwing optical fiber enhancing leakage, excited with enhancing SPR (PILIARIK M,
HOMOLA J,MAN1KOV Z,et al.,Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical,2003,90(1):236-
42.)；By bragg grating (Hu T, Zhao Y, Song AN., Sensors&Actuators B Chemical,
2016,237:521-525.), long-period fiber grating (Hu H F, Deng Z Q, Zhao Y, et al., IEEE
Photonics Technology Letters, 2014,27 (1): 46-49.) etc. structures realize SPR excitation；Also by more
Core fibre progress end surface grinding (Liu Z, Wei Y, Zhang Y, et al., Optics Letters, 2015,40 (12):
2826-9.), SPR excitation is realized.
In recent years, the appearance for having the optical fiber of various micro-structures is also that optical fiber sensing adds various possibilities.
A kind of Maciej Napiorkowski theory analysis bending SPR resonance spectrum characteristic (Napiorkowski of microstructured optical fibers
M,Urbanczyk W.,Optics Express,2013,21(19):22762-22772.)；Garden vertical wave et al. proposes that spiral is more
Core fibre spr sensor (CN105954236A)；Zhihai Liu et al. people proposes that the SPR for being used as multichannel using multi-core optical fiber is raw
Object sensor, realize single sensor fibre multicomponent bio-sensing (Liu Z, Wei Y, Zhang Y, et al.,
Sensors&Actuators B Chemical,2016,226:326-331.)。
It is wanted with the diversification of object to be measured parameter type and characteristic and to the high sensitivity of low concentration micro substance sensing
It asks, so that traditional fiber SPR sensorgram is gradually unable to satisfy actually detected needs.As the reliability and real-time of monitoring are wanted
It asks higher and higher, how effectively further to improve the sensitivity of system detection, and reduce the cost of detection and overcome environment
The influence of variation interference all becomes SPR sensorgram research field urgent problem to be solved.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of toroidal cores optical fiber sensings simple and compact for structure, sensing sensitivity is high
Device.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor.It is by input optical fibre, annular core fibre, SPR sensorgram nanometer film and output light
Fibre composition.In the system: annular core fibre corrodes by side rubbing down or hydrofluoric acid, removes part of clad, throws in side
Mill or hydrofluoric acid corrosion area prepare one layer of SPR sensorgram nanometer film, formed SPR sensorgram area, input optical fibre by light beam coupling into
Transmission in toroidal cores, when beam Propagation SPR sensorgram area, resonance occurs for the light wave for meeting SPR condition of resonance, realizes SPR sensorgram, takes
Output light with heat transfer agent is coupled into output optical fibre output.
The input optical fibre can be single mode optical fiber, weld with the biasing of annular core fibre to core, into annular core fibre
Input light beam；Input optical fibre is also possible to the core shift optical fiber with biasing fibre core, and annular core fibre directly welds core, Xiang Huan
Light beam is inputted in shape core fibre.
The input optical fibre can be core shift Helical Fiber, and the helical pitch of fibre core can be equivalence, be also possible to
Chirp variation.
The SPR sensorgram nanometer film can be the metal nano film of single layer, is also possible to metal nano film and medium is received
The multilayer responant diaphragm that rice film is constituted together.
The sensing nanometer film can be one layer of halloysite nanotubes coating of deposition on metal nano film, and enhancing SPR is passed
Feel effect.
The output optical fibre can be big core diameter multimode fibre, directly weld with toroidal cores, export transducing signal light；?
It can be single mode optical fiber, and annular core fibre welding, and fused biconical taper, realize transducing signal optical coupling into defeated after single mode optical fiber
Out.
The present invention has some advantages below:
(1) the annular unique screw conveyor mode of core fibre inner light beam can be realized effective excitation of SPR, reduce optical fiber
The length of sensing unit.
(2) it can be adjusted using core shift Helical Fiber as input optical fibre by adjusting the screw pitch of core shift Helical Fiber
The incident angle for saving input light, to optimize SPR launching efficiency.
(3) increase galapectite nano coating as SPR sensorgram enhanced sensitivity layer, toroidal cores optical fiber sensing can be effectively improved
Sensitivity.
(4) Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 (a) is the end face structure of annular core fibre, is (b) index distribution at dotted line.
Fig. 2 is the connection type of toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor, and the input optical fibre of use is core shift optical fiber 2, core shift optical fiber
2 directly weld core with annular core fibre 1.Output optical fibre selects single mode optical fiber 3, using the method and toroidal cores light of fused biconical taper
Fibre connection, forms the area La Zhui 4, to export sensing light beam.
Fig. 3 is the connection type of toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor, and the input optical fibre of use is standard single-mode fiber 2-1, single
Core is welded in mode fiber 2-1 and the annular biasing of core fibre 1.
Fig. 4 is the connection type of toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor, and the input optical fibre used is core shift Helical Fiber 2-2.
Fig. 5 is two kinds of transmission modes for inputting light beam in the toroidal cores of annular core fibre, wherein (a) is meridional ray 7
Propagation path (b) is 8 propagation path of skew ray, along toroidal cores spiral to forward pass along optical fiber axial direction onwards transmission
It is defeated.
Fig. 6 is the simulation result of beam Propagation after Gaussian beam inputs annular core fibre.
Fig. 7 is the simulation result of beam Propagation after the inclination Gaussian beam with θ=5 ° inputs annular core fibre.
Fig. 8 is the toroidal cores optical fiber enhanced sensitivity sensing principle figure with galapectite nanometer layer.
Fig. 9 is wavelength modulation type toroidal cores optical fiber sensor-based system schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is intensity modulation type toroidal cores optical fiber sensor-based system schematic diagram.
(5) specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained with specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention is used as SPR sensorgram optical fiber using annular core fibre 1, which has an annular high refractive index fibre core
Waveguide 1-1 and low-refraction cladding structure 1-2, as shown in Figure 1, wherein (a) indicates the end face structure figure of annular core fibre, (b)
For the index distribution at dotted line.
Toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor proposed by the present invention is as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, by annular core fibre 1, defeated
Enter optical fiber core shift optical fiber 2 (or single mode optical fiber 2-1, eccentric screw optical fiber 2-2), output single mode optical fiber 3 and nano-gold film 5 to form.
Annular core fibre 1 corrodes by side rubbing down or hydrofluoric acid, removes part of clad, exposes annular fibre core.In side rubbing down or
Person's hydrofluoric acid corrosion area prepares the nano-gold film 5 of one layer of SPR sensorgram, forms SPR sensorgram area, and input optical fibre is by light beam coupling
It is transmitted in into toroidal cores, when beam Propagation to SPR sensorgram area, resonance occurs for the light wave for meeting SPR condition of resonance, realizes to sensing
The sensing of substance 6.Fused biconical taper after wherein annular core fibre 1 and output single mode optical fiber 3 weld forms coupling cone area 4, so that ring
Output in the light beam coupling of shape in-core to output single mode optical fiber 3.
As shown in Fig. 2, input optical fibre can be the core shift optical fiber 2 with biasing fibre core, and annular core fibre 1 directly to core
Welding, inputs light beam into annular core fibre 1.As shown in figure 3, the input optical fibre is also possible to single mode optical fiber 2-1, with ring
Core is welded in the biasing of shape core fibre 1, inputs light beam into annular core fibre 1；
In order to which transmission coupling of the light wave to SPR is better achieved, scheme as shown in Figure 4 is additionally used, using core shift spiral shell
Optically-active fibre 2-2 is welded as input optical fibre, and annular core fibre 1.It can be adjusted by adjusting the screw pitch of core shift Helical Fiber 2-2
Save the angle that light beam inputs annular core fibre 1.
In the following, being carried out first by transmission process and SPR exciting method of the simulation result to light beam in annular core fibre detailed
It describes in detail bright:
On the one hand, can first using geometric optics method annular core fibre inner fiber transmit and SPR excitation situation into
The analysis and understanding of row simple, intuitive.As the Geometric Optics Analysis method of multimode fibre, the optical fiber that is transmitted in toroidal cores
Meridional ray and skew ray can be divided into.As shown in Fig. 5 (a), meridional ray 7 refers to the inner and outer boundary in annular core waveguide
Between the light that shakes, and propagated forward along incident direction back and forth；As shown in Fig. 5 (b), skew ray 8 refers to along annular
Core waveguide angularly gradually come by sprawling, is wound around the light that toroidal cores are spirally advanced.Both light are in annular core fibre
In ratio and light beam input condition and optical fiber structure it is closely related.When the light transmitted in annular core fibre is in fibre core-gold
When the angle that film surface is totally reflected is identical with SPR excitation angle, the energy of the light will be to SPR energy coupling, with regard to shape
At resonance paddy so-called in transmitted spectrum.
On the other hand, beam propagation method (BPM) also is used here, emulation point has been done to the transmission of annular core fibre inner light beam
Analysis.As shown in fig. 6, (z=0 μm) is inputted in toroidal cores local location, with light beam onwards transmission using Gauss light as input source
(direction z), light beam can finally be full of entire toroidal cores, spiral is forward along the angular spread (shown in arrow) of annular core wave guide
Transmission.Due to emulation light source select be ideal monochromatic source, so after light beam is angularly transmitted and is met along toroidal cores
Phenomenon can be interfered, and form hot spot divides valve, be not in that apparent interference divides valve if input light beam is wide range light beam
Situation.
Secondly, being illustrated in conjunction with efficient SPR exciting method of the simulation result to optimization proposed by the present invention:
Annular core fibre inner light beam transmission mode is analyzed in front.If using conventional core shift optical fiber,
It, which is exported, is considered as inputting using suitable Gauss light as input source at (z=0 μm) of toroidal cores local location, input
Drift angle is θ=0 °, and with light beam onwards transmission (direction z, i.e. optical fiber are axially), light beam can be along the angle of annular core wave guide
To diffusion, finally be full of entire toroidal cores, spiral onwards transmission, as shown in Figure 6.If using eccentric screw optical fiber,
Output is considered as using a Gauss light with certain bias angle theta as input source, in the case of θ=5 ° as shown in Fig. 7
Annular core fibre inner light beam transmits situation, from simulation result as can be seen that using single Helical Fiber as input optical fibre, light beam
It is most of in annular core fibre along a direction spiral onwards transmission, the light beam of this and conventional core shift optical fiber input is not
Together.The θ value of input light beam can be adjusted by changing the screw pitch of core shift Helical Fiber, this makes it possible to annular core fibre
The excitation angle conditions of SPR optimize, and obtain optimal shooting condition.
Again, one embodiment explanation is carried out to the present invention in conjunction with halloysite nanotubes coating:
Halloysite nanotubes can be used as one kind due to its outstanding surface characteristic from natural mineral deposit
Novel nano material is applied to various sensors.Halloysite nanotubes have unique morphosis, are to have internal diameter and outer
The hollow cylinder of diameter, length range can be in 10-20nm, 40-70nm, 300-1500nm.Halloysite nanotubes are answered extensively
For the loading of drug, storage, transmission and release.Halloysite nanotubes have excellent expressive ability in these fields, this is
Because it has a high-specific surface area, high mechanical strength, good bio-compatibility and cheap and easily prepared.For passing
Induction is used, and the relative index of refraction shown is 1.550, this is conducive to enhancing sensing evanescent field used.In addition, its outer surface is taken
It is negatively charged, the potential of about -25mV is formed, this can realize good monodisperse state easily, and can be with the positive
Metallic substrates generate very strong electric charge transfer.Recent study is also shown that halloysite nanotubes have good bio-compatibility.
The present invention increases halloysite nanotubes coating on the basis of toroidal cores spr sensor on nano metal layer, with
Improve the bio-sensing sensitivity of sensor.The structure of the enhanced sensitivity toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor is as shown in Figure 8.Wherein 1
It is gold nano film for annular core fibre, 5,6 be sensing substance, and 9 is input Gaussian beam, and 10 be the annular beam of output, and 11 are
Keramite nano-tube nano coating, 12 be the surface plasma wave of excitation.
Finally, being said below with reference to two embodiments to application system of the present invention in SPR sensorgram and modulator approach
It is bright:
Embodiment 1: wavelength modulation type.
Using wavelength modulation type toroidal cores optical fiber sensor-based system as shown in Figure 9.The main sensing list of the system
Member --- toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor is sealed in a sensed environmental chamber 14, using wide spectrum light source 13 as input light source,
2 it is input optical fibre, 3 is output optical fibre.The variations in refractive index of sensing substance can cause the translation of SPR resonant wavelength, finally export
Spectrum change (heat transfer agent) is recorded by spectrometer 15, realizes toroidal cores optical fiber sensing.
Embodiment 2: intensity modulation type.
Using intensity modulation type toroidal cores optical fiber sensor-based system as shown in Figure 10.Incident light source 16 has in system
The output of single wavelength, light source divides by the fiber coupler 17 of a 1:99 for two-way, wherein 1% access power meter all the way
18-1 is excluded in sensing process for the monitoring of light source output power since the unstability of light source output intensity is brought
Sensing error；99% be used as all the way senses optical path, accesses annular core fibre spr sensor, detects it by power meter 18-2
Transmission power, by monitoring transmitted intensity measure of the change test substance refractive index.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of toroidal cores optical fiber SPR sensor.It is characterized in that: it is by input optical fibre, annular core fibre, SPR sensorgram nanometer film
It is formed with output optical fibre.In the composition: annular core fibre corrodes by side rubbing down or hydrofluoric acid, removes part of clad,
In side, rubbing down or hydrofluoric acid corrosion area prepare one layer of SPR sensorgram nanometer film, form SPR sensorgram area, and input optical fibre is by light
Beam is coupled into transmission in toroidal cores, and when beam Propagation to SPR sensorgram area, resonance occurs for the light wave for meeting SPR condition of resonance, realizes
SPR sensorgram, the output light for carrying heat transfer agent are coupled into output optical fibre output.
2. a kind of toroidal cores spr sensor according to claim 1.It is characterized in that: the input optical fibre can be list
Mode fiber welds core with the biasing of annular core fibre, inputs light beam into annular core fibre；Input optical fibre is also possible to have inclined
The core shift optical fiber of fibre core is set, and annular core fibre directly welds core, inputs light beam into annular core fibre.
3. a kind of toroidal cores spr sensor according to claim 1.It is characterized in that: the input optical fibre can be partially
Core Helical Fiber, the helical pitch of fibre core can be equivalence, be also possible to chirp variation.
4. a kind of toroidal cores spr sensor according to claim 1.The SPR sensorgram nanometer film can be single layer
Metal nano film is also possible to metal nano film and multilayer responant diaphragm that medium nanometer film is constituted together.
5. a kind of toroidal cores spr sensor according to claim 1.It is characterized in that: the sensing nanometer film can be
One layer of halloysite nanotubes coating is deposited on metal nano film, enhances SPR sensorgram effect.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110823834A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-02-21 | 中北大学 | High-sensitivity SPR refractive index sensor based on plastic optical fiber periodic narrow groove structure |
| CN112305318A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-02 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Relative dielectric constant measuring system based on SPR principle |
| CN113029216A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Multi-parameter sensor based on coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber |
| CN113671629A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-19 | 桂林电子科技大学 | New method for constructing plasma wave interferometer in optical fiber core |
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| CN106896084A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-06-27 | 暨南大学 | A kind of light fibre humidity transducer for being based on two selenizing molybdenums and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110823834A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-02-21 | 中北大学 | High-sensitivity SPR refractive index sensor based on plastic optical fiber periodic narrow groove structure |
| CN112305318A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-02 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Relative dielectric constant measuring system based on SPR principle |
| CN113029216A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Multi-parameter sensor based on coaxial double-waveguide optical fiber |
| CN113671629A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-19 | 桂林电子科技大学 | New method for constructing plasma wave interferometer in optical fiber core |
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