CN104698539A - Optic fiber surface plasmon polariton excitation focusing device and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Optic fiber surface plasmon polariton excitation focusing device and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the nanophotonics field, in particular to an optical fiber radially polarized beam SPP excitation focusing device and a manufacturing method thereof. An optical fiber surface plasmon polariton excitation focusing device is composed of a light source 1, a single-core optical fiber 2, an annular-core optical fiber 3, a coupling taper zone 4 formed through welding one ends of the single-core optical fiber 2 and annular-core optical fiber 3 and tapering at the welding spots, a cone frustum structure 5 formed through processing the other end of the annular-core optical fiber 3, nanometer gold particles 6 annularly arrayed at the head face of the cone frustum structure of the annular-core optical fiber 3, and a gold film 7 plated at the head face of the cone frustum. The optical fiber surface plasmon polariton excitation focusing device uses the radially polarized beam to irradiate the nanometer gold particles annularly arrayed on the gold film of the head face of the optical fiber, the SPP excitation light of each gold particle is TM film, SPP constructive interference is formed at the structure center, single acute focusing light spot is obtained, and the efficiency is much higher than that of linear polarization light.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nanophotonics field, particularly relate to a kind of optical fiber radial polarisation light SPP and excite focalizer and method for making.
Background technology
Surface plasma excimer (Surface Plasmon Polariton, SPP) is that the free electron of light and metal surface interacts thus a kind of electromagnetic field excited.It is constrained in metal surface consumingly, can realize manipulation light being surmounted to diffraction limit, and realize local near field enhancement effect on nanoscale, the exciting of SPP, propagates, focuses on and become current study hotspot.Because modern optical devices improves constantly miniaturization and integrated demand, and SPP has the features such as low dimension, high strength and sub-wavelength, has huge applications potentiality, be called the nanometer integrated photonic device carrier that most is wished in nanophotonics field.
Utilize optical fiber as the surface plasmons device of carrier, have that size is little, integrated level is high, light path is flexible, softness can flexing, electrical isolation, corrosion-resistant, do not generate heat, radiationless, the advantage such as can work under the complicated environmental conditions such as strong electromagnetic, inflammable and explosive, poisonous gas, in recent years receive very big concern, become the new focus in sensor research field.The patent No. is the invention technical patent of CN101769857, proposes a kind of plasma resonant type optical fiber biosensor based on annular core wave guide, and it utilizes toroidal cores fibre-optical probe to act on golden film and produces SPP, for refractive index sensing.Liu Zhihai etc. disclose a kind of nano Au particle sensor and preparation method thereof, application publication number: CN103630515A, exciting light is injected in a fibre core in multi-core fiber, the local surface plasma resonance of optical taper table top reflected light evanscent field excitation nano gold particle, by with inject the reflectance spectrum that the symmetrical fibre core of light collects and carry out sensing.But there are the following problems in this invention: the local surface plasma resonance utilizing nature polarized light excitation nano gold particle, cause launching efficiency not high; Exciting light non-static fields polarized light, polarization direction uncertainty causes frustum end face light field of meeting not interfere; The nano Au particle local surface plasma resonance excited is limited in nano Au particle near surface, can not conduct the problems such as focusing.
Metal nanoparticle on metallic film is excitating surface plasma when additional driving source, and can realize the focusing of SPP.Exciting and focusing on of SPP may be used for building new and effective sensor, for biological illumination etc., and therefore the exciting and focus on and cause very big concern of SPP.Theory and the experiment of the people such as Zhaowei Liu (Nano Letters, 2005,5 (9): 1726 – 1729) show, on silver and aluminium film, can realize focusing on based on SPP that is circular and oval microflute.The people such as Leilei Yin (NanoLetters, 2005,5 (7): 1399 – 1402) confirm that the SPP of silverskin upper annular bore array excites and focuses on.The people such as A.B.Evlyukhin (Optics Express, 2007,15 (25): 16667-166680) excite SPP from theoretical and the nano particle experimentally achieved with metal film surfaces semicircular is arranged, conduct and focus on.Because these SPP excite the type of focusing based on planar substrates, be unfavorable for small integrated, and exciting light source needs separately in external load.Planar substrates structure and the integrated difficulty of optical fiber, exciting light utilization factor is low.
In sum, SPP can transmit in sub-wavelength dimensions waveguide, utilizes SPP can realize the integrated photonics device of super diffraction limit, has huge applications potentiality in nanophotonics field.The current ring-type microflute based on planar substrates and nano particle SPP excite type of focusing small integrated difficulty, and exciting light source loads inconvenient, is difficult to optical fiber integrated.Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of structure is simple, volume is less, excite focalizer with the optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer that radial polarisation light efficiently excites.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer to excite the method for making of focalizer.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer excites focalizer, by light source 1, single-core fiber 2, toroidal cores optical fiber 3, single-core fiber 2 and toroidal cores optical fiber 3 one end are welded and the coupling cone district 4 of drawing cone at solder joint place and being formed, at the circular cone structure 5 of toroidal cores optical fiber 3 other end through being processed to form, annular arrangement forms in the nano Au particle 6 of toroidal cores optical fiber 3 circular cone structure end face and the golden film 7 that is plated in frustum of a cone end face, the light that light source 1 injects single-core fiber 2 has encouraged low step mode radial polarisation light by coupled zone at toroidal cores optical fiber 3, low step mode radial polarisation light is totally reflected at toroidal cores optical fiber 3 end face frustum of a cone inclined-plane place, the nano Au particle 6 reflexing to the radial polarisation optical excitation annular arrangement of end face produces surface plasma excimer, surface plasma excimer travels over to center at toroidal cores optical fiber 3 end face gold film 7 and focuses on.
Described single-core fiber 2 is single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber, and fiber core is optical fiber axle center.
The toroidal cores position of described toroidal cores optical fiber 3 is symmetrical about optical fiber main shaft, and is in same interior surrounding layer, toroidal cores internal diameter 20 μm, external diameter 23.2 to 26 μm, only LP
01mould and LP
11mould can transmit.
Described optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer is totally reflected by the frustum of a cone inclined-plane evanscent field produced to the radial polarisation light of end face and directly acts on nano Au particle 6 and excite, or by the radial polarisation light reflexing to end face meet interfere after the evanscent field that produces act on nano Au particle 6 and excite.
Utilize optical fiber splicer that single-core fiber 2 one end and center, toroidal cores optical fiber 3 one end are aimed at and welded, carry out hot-drawn cone at solder joint place and encouraged low step mode radial polarisation light to toroidal cores optical fiber 3, by fiber end face polishing, toroidal cores optical fiber 3 other end is processed into the circular cone structure 5 of design angle and height, at frustum of a cone end face specified location annular arrangement nano Au particle 6, at the golden film 7 of frustum of a cone end face plating 40-80nm, namely form optical fiber SPP and excite focalizer.
Described low step mode radial polarisation light, monitoring toroidal cores optical fiber 3 emergent light polarization characteristic while, optical fiber is utilized to draw cone machine to carry out drawing cone with toroidal cores optical fiber 3 solder joint place at single-core fiber 2, according to the simulation result that different transmission mode effective refractive index in toroidal cores optical fiber 3 is different, stop drawing cone after efficient coupling in toroidal cores optical fiber 3 enters low step mode radial polarisation light, form toriconical coupled zone at solder joint place.
Annular arrangement nano Au particle 6, particle size is less than 300 nanometers, be spherical, square, triangle, bar-shaped or other patterns nanogold particle.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: 1, the present invention utilizes radial polarisation illumination to penetrate the nano-scale gold particle subarray of annular arrangement on fiber end face gold film, the SPP exciting light of each gold particle is TM mould, making structure centre place form SPP interferes long mutually, obtain single sharp-pointed focal beam spot, efficiency is far above linearly polarized photon.2, the present invention utilizes and draws cone at single-core fiber and toroidal cores optical fiber solder joint place, thus obtains TM in toroidal cores optical fiber
01pattern radial polarisation light, efficiently solves in optical fiber and not easily isolates TM
01the problem of mould, and structure is simple, launching efficiency is high.3, the invention provides the optical fiber SPP that a kind of structure is simple, volume is little and excite focalizer and method for making, be beneficial to small integrated, exciting light source loading stability is high, easy and optical fiber is integrated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 optical fiber SPP excites focalizer schematic diagram
Fig. 2 TM
01pattern mode distributions schematic diagram
Each transmission mode effective refractive index analogous diagram in Fig. 3 toroidal cores optical fiber
Mode Coupling schematic diagram when cone is drawn at the mono-core of Fig. 4 and toroidal cores optical fiber solder joint place
Radial polarized light excitation structure schematic diagram in Fig. 5 toroidal cores
Fig. 6 toroidal cores fiber end face SPP excites focusing structure schematic diagram
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Optical fiber SPP of the present invention excites focalizer to comprise: light source, single-core fiber, toroidal cores optical fiber, single-core fiber and the welding of toroidal cores optical fiber one end and the coupling cone district of drawing cone at solder joint place and being formed, the toroidal cores optical fiber other end through being processed to form circular cone structure, annular arrangement in toroidal cores fiber taper platform structure end face nano Au particle and be plated in the golden film composition of frustum of a cone end face; It is characterized in that, the light that light source injects single-core fiber has encouraged TM by coupled zone at toroidal cores optical fiber
01pattern radial polarisation light, radial polarisation light is in the total reflection of toroidal cores fiber end face frustum of a cone inclined-plane place, and the nano Au particle reflexing to the radial polarisation optical excitation annular arrangement of end face produces SPP, SPP and travels over to center at toroidal cores fiber end face gold film and focus on.
Optical fiber SPP of the present invention excites focalizer to comprise:
1. the single-core fiber described in is single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber, and fiber core is optical fiber axle center.
2. the toroidal cores position of the toroidal cores optical fiber described in is symmetrical about optical fiber main shaft, and is in same interior surrounding layer, and the refractive index of interior surrounding layer is identical or different.
3. the SPP described in is totally reflected by frustum of a cone inclined-plane to excite to the radial polarisation light direct irradiation nano Au particle of end face, also can be the radial polarisation light reflexing to end face meet interfere after nano Au particle is excited.
Optical fiber SPP of the present invention excites focalizer method for making to be:
Utilize optical fiber splicer that single-core fiber and toroidal cores fiber optic hub are aimed at and welded, while monitoring toroidal cores fiber exit light polarization, utilize optical fiber to draw cone machine to carry out drawing cone at single-core fiber and toroidal cores solder joint place, according to the simulation result that different transmission mode effective refractive index in toroidal cores optical fiber is different, when in toroidal cores optical fiber, efficient coupling enters TM
01stop after pattern radial polarisation light drawing cone, the toriconical coupled zone at single-core fiber and toroidal cores optical fiber solder joint place is encapsulated with glass bushing, be processed into the frustum of a cone of design angle and height at toroidal cores fiber end face by bare fibre end surface grinding method, take optical tweezer technology at frustum of a cone end face specified location annular arrangement nano Au particle, at the golden film of optical fiber frustum plated surface one deck 40-80nm, namely form optical fiber SPP and excite focalizer.
Optical fiber SPP of the present invention excites focalizer method for making to comprise: described annular arrangement nano Au particle, and particle size is less than 300 nanometers, can be spherical, square, triangle, bar-shaped or other patterns nanogold particle.
The present invention is based on following principle:
Under the light field effect of toroidal cores fiber taper you face, size forms new electric field inside and outside the metallics interface of incident wavelength, thus excites SPP, and the SPP excited can transmit along the golden film of frustum-conical surface and focus on.Due to SPP excite and existence has single polarization characteristic, it can only be TM mould, and in radial polarisation light, the center of circle is all pointed in the polarization direction of light beam every bit, when it acts on the nano-scale gold particle subarray of golden film surface ring shooting, the SPP exciting light of each gold particle is TM mould, makes annulus particle array center locate to form SPP and interferes long mutually, thus occur that focuses on a speck.
In order to encourage radial polarisation light in toroidal cores optical fiber, according to pattern theory, each pattern transmitted in optical fiber has had its cutoff frequency, is represented by the normalized frequency of optical fiber:
When the normalized frequency V of optical fiber is less than the cutoff frequency of certain pattern, this pattern just can not be transmitted in a fiber.Basic mode HE
11cutoff frequency be 0, can not end.When toroidal cores optical fiber V value is between 2.405 and 3.832, can transmits in optical fiber and comprise basic mode, TE
01, TM
01and HE
21four patterns.Fig. 2 illustrates TM
01the mode distributions of pattern, its polarization state is axially symmetrical, the radial polarisation light needed exactly.
Fig. 3 illustrates according to toroidal cores optical fiber parameter, and ring core optical fiber is to the result of the effective refractive index of each pattern.Different according to different mode effective refractive index in toroidal cores optical fiber, and toroidal cores optical fiber and single-mode fiber solder joint place are drawn bore different times and can make in toroidal cores optical fiber, to have encouraged the pattern of different effective refractive index to transmit, namely by drawing the mode of cone coupling effectively to isolate TM
01pattern.
Fig. 4 is single core and toroidal cores optical fiber solder joint place Mode Coupling schematic diagram when drawing cone, when drawing cone length to A point, and TM
01pattern is efficiently coupled in toroidal cores, and other mode coupling efficiency are minimum.Now stop drawing cone, namely by drawing the mode of cone effectively by TM at single mode and toroidal cores optical fiber solder joint place
01mode Coupling is in toroidal cores optical fiber.
When incident angle is greater than the angle of total reflection, there is not refraction effect, light all reflects.Toroidal cores fiber end face grinds the circular cone structure designed, and makes the radial polarisation light in toroidal cores after circular cone structure inclined-plane place is totally reflected, and can form radial polarisation light annular light field on frustum of a cone end face.
As shown in Figure 1, optical fiber SPP of the present invention excites focalizer to comprise 800nm LASER Light Source [1], single-core fiber [2], and toroidal cores optical fiber [3] can encourage TM in toroidal cores optical fiber
01coupling cone district [4] of pattern radial polarisation light, through the truncated cone shape toroidal cores end face [5] of processing, the nano Au particle [6] of annular arrangement, thickness is the golden film [7] of 50nm.
The present invention can realize in the following way:
As shown in Figure 1, select wavelength 800nm LASER Light Source, intercept 2m single-mode fiber, utilize the coat 25mm of optical fiber wire-stripping pliers peeling optical fibre one end, with alcohol, fibre cladding is cleaned up.Fiber end face is cut flat with optical fiber cutter, insert in naked fine adapter, by naked fine adapter access LASER Light Source output interface.
As shown in Figure 5, intercept the toroidal cores optical fiber that 2m outer cladding diameter is 125 μm, toroidal cores optical fiber one end, the single-mode fiber other end divested through coat, cleans, cut after put into optical fiber bonding machine and weld.Optical fiber after welding is loaded into oxyhydrogen flame optical fiber to draw on cone machine clamp, solder joint is in immediately below oxyhydrogen flame flame front.Other one end of toroidal cores optical fiber divests through coat, clean, cut after, monitor the outgoing light field of toroidal cores fiber annular fibre core [8] with the CCD connecting computer.
Oxyhydrogen flame draws cone machine to start after solder joint draws cone at a slow speed, polaroid is loaded at the exit end of toroidal cores optical fiber, the distribution of light intensity monitored as CCD shows as the distribution of lobe shape, center is a concealed wire, the direction of concealed wire is consistent with the polarization direction of polaroid, and the direction of concealed wire is with the rotation direction rotating Vortex of polaroid, then stops drawing cone, in toroidal cores optical fiber, obtain TM
01pattern radial polarisation light.With glass bushing encapsulation, protection cone district.
As shown in Figure 6, utilize optical fiber end grinding technique optical fiber end to be ground to form the frustum of a cone of α=37.5 °, the grinding degree of depth is 34.5 μm.Under the microscope, utilize optical tweezer technology by the nano Au particle annular arrangement of particle diameter 220nm on toroidal cores fiber taper you face, the nano particle center of annular arrangement is toroidal cores optical fiber axle center, and annular radius is 10 μm, and interparticle distance is 400nm.
Utilize ion sputtering vacuum coating technology, after loading gold target, 2 × 10
-1under mbar stablizes vacuum tightness, load 5mA sputtering current to the toroidal cores fiber taper platform end face coating processed 3.5 minutes, now namely on toroidal cores fiber taper you face, be coated with the thick golden film of one deck 50nm, and carried out effectively fixing to the nano Au particle annular array of annular arrangement.
Now namely complete the making that optical fiber SPP excites focalizer, 800nm light source is injected single-mode fiber 1, then can on toroidal cores optical taper you face annular arrangement nano Au particle on excite SPP, and realize the focusing of SPP in the nano Au particle center of annular arrangement
Claims (7)
1. an optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer excites focalizer, by light source (1), single-core fiber (2), toroidal cores optical fiber (3), single-core fiber (2) and toroidal cores optical fiber (3) one end are welded and coupling cone district (4) of drawing cone at solder joint place and being formed, at the circular cone structure (5) of toroidal cores optical fiber (3) other end through being processed to form, annular arrangement in toroidal cores optical fiber (3) circular cone structure end face nano Au particle (6) and be plated in frustum of a cone end face golden film (7) composition, it is characterized in that: the light that light source (1) injects single-core fiber (2) has encouraged low step mode radial polarisation light by coupled zone at toroidal cores optical fiber (3), low step mode radial polarisation light is totally reflected at toroidal cores optical fiber (3) end face frustum of a cone inclined-plane place, the nano Au particle (6) reflexing to the radial polarisation optical excitation annular arrangement of end face produces surface plasma excimer, surface plasma excimer travels over to center at toroidal cores optical fiber (3) end face gold film (7) and focuses on.
2. a kind of optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer according to claim 1 excites focalizer, it is characterized in that: described single-core fiber (2) is single-mode fiber or multimode optical fiber, and fiber core is optical fiber axle center.
3. a kind of optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer according to claim 1 excites focalizer, it is characterized in that: the toroidal cores position of described toroidal cores optical fiber (3) is symmetrical about optical fiber main shaft, and be in same interior surrounding layer, toroidal cores internal diameter 20 μm, external diameter 23.2 to 26 μm, only LP
01mould and LP
11mould can transmit.
4. a kind of optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer according to claim 1 excites focalizer, it is characterized in that: described optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer is totally reflected by the frustum of a cone inclined-plane evanscent field produced to the radial polarisation light of end face and directly acts on nano Au particle (6) and excite, or by the radial polarisation light reflexing to end face meet interfere after the evanscent field that produces act on nano Au particle (6) and excite.
5. an optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer excites the method for making of focalizer, it is characterized in that: utilize optical fiber splicer that single-core fiber (2) one end and toroidal cores optical fiber (3) center, one end are aimed at and welded, carry out at solder joint place having encouraged low step mode radial polarisation light in hot-drawn cone to toroidal cores optical fiber (3), by fiber end face polishing, toroidal cores optical fiber (3) other end is processed into the circular cone structure (5) of design angle and height, in frustum of a cone end face specified location annular arrangement nano Au particle (6), at the golden film (7) of frustum of a cone end face plating 40-80nm, namely form optical fiber SPP and excite focalizer.
6. a kind of optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer according to claim 5 excites the method for making of focalizer, it is characterized in that: described low step mode radial polarisation light, monitoring toroidal cores optical fiber (3) emergent light polarization characteristic while, optical fiber is utilized to draw cone machine to carry out drawing cone with toroidal cores optical fiber (3) solder joint place at single-core fiber (2), according to the simulation result that different transmission mode effective refractive index in toroidal cores optical fiber (3) is different, stop drawing cone after in toroidal cores optical fiber (3), efficient coupling enters low step mode radial polarisation light, toriconical coupled zone is formed at solder joint place.
7. a kind of optical fiber surface plasmon body excimer according to claim 5 excites the method for making of focalizer, it is characterized in that: described annular arrangement nano Au particle (6), particle size is less than 300 nanometers, be spherical, square, triangle, bar-shaped or other patterns nanogold particle.
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