CN105906780A - 一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯塑料,具体地说是一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,由组分异氰酸酯、聚醚组合物和耐低温添加剂混合发泡而得;所述的聚醚组合物包括组合聚醚;二甲醚;莫来石;碳化硅细粉;所述组合聚醚包括甘油聚醚树脂;乙二醇醚树脂;泡沫稳定剂水溶性硅油;催化剂五甲基二乙烯三胺;固化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡;去离子水;所述耐低温添加剂包括聚氨酯脱模剂;轮胎粉末;聚四亚甲基醚二醇;1,4‑丁二醇;硅胶;硅油乳液。本发明能很好地改善材料的力学性能,具有良好的强度与韧性;同时本发明的耐低温性能好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯塑料,具体地说是一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料。
背景技术
聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料具有质轻、保温、耐寒耐溶剂、吸音及缓冲抗震等优良性能,广泛用于冰箱、冰柜、冷库、冷藏车等箱体绝缘热层的绝热材料,建筑物、储罐及管道保温材料,少量用于非绝热场合,如彷木材、包装材料等,但由于其力学性能较差,达不到结构材料的使用要求。
作为结构材料,要求有一定的强度、刚度和韧性等。为提高聚氨酯硬泡塑料力学性能,常用的方法是提高材料密度或添加增强剂,其中增强剂对聚氨酯硬泡塑料力学性能的影响已成为当前研究的热点之一。已报道的增强剂有无机填料和增强纤维,有机填料主要是二氧化硅、碳酸钙和中空玻璃微粒等,增强纤维主要是玻璃纤维、有机纤维及碳纤维等。
莫来石是一系列由铝硅酸盐组成的矿物统称,因最初发现于莫来岛而得名,它在自然界中很少存在,主要采用铝硅酸盐在高温下进行人工合成,其主要成分是3Al2O3·2SiO2或2Al2O3·SiO2。莫来石现在主要用于制作高性能陶瓷、耐火、耐高温、电子封装和光学材料等,也可以与其它材料符合而成为性能优越的复合材料。
当前聚氨酯泡沫耐低温尺寸稳定性较差,长期低温条件下工作沫随时间的收缩变形量相对较大,导致泡沫变薄,泡沫导热系数及抗压强度等性能降低,保温隔热性能降低明显,大大影响保温效果,增加能耗,造成资源浪费。泡沫塑料中耐低温性能的影响主要受添加剂影响,添加剂的耐低温性能直接决定泡沫塑料的性能。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种耐低温性能好、低温下泡沫收缩变形量小、具有良好力学性能的耐低温型聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:由组分异氰酸酯、聚醚组合物和耐低温添加剂混合发泡而得;
所述的聚醚组合物包括以下重量份数的组分:组合聚醚50~65份;二甲醚4~8份;莫来石5~7份;碳化硅细粉6~10份;
所述的聚醚组合物和异氰酸酯按质量比为1:1.5~1:2混合发泡后即得所述聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料。
所述组合聚醚采用以下重量份数的主要原料混合制成:甘油聚醚树脂10~15份;乙二醇醚树脂5~8份;泡沫稳定剂水溶性硅油0.4~0.8份;催化剂五甲基二乙烯三胺0.7~0.9份;固化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡0.2~0.4份;去离子水4~8份。
所述耐低温添加剂由以下重量份的组分组成:聚氨酯脱模剂15~18份;轮胎粉末27~33份;聚四亚甲基醚二醇12~14份;1,4-丁二醇1~3份;硅胶21~27份;硅油乳液7~9份。
优选的,所述聚氨酯脱模剂为长链烷基硅油。
优选的,所述轮胎粉末为耐热实心轮胎粉末。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料采用莫来石作为增强填充剂,能很好地改善材料的力学性能,在保证原有耐高温、耐火等性能外,还具有良好的强度与韧性;同时,本发明耐低温添加剂通过加入聚四亚甲基醚二醇和1,4-丁二醇,使得添加剂在~30℃的性能大大提高,同时采用长链烷基硅油作为聚氨酯脱模剂,进一步提高了本发明聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料的耐低温性能。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段和创作特征易于明白了解,下面对本发明进一步阐述。
实施例一:
一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:由组分异氰酸酯、聚醚组合物和耐低温添加剂混合发泡而得;
所述的聚醚组合物包括以下重量份数的组分:组合聚醚50份;二甲醚4份;莫来石5份;碳化硅细粉6份;
所述的聚醚组合物和异氰酸酯按质量比为1:1.5混合发泡后即得所述聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料。
所述组合聚醚采用以下重量份数的主要原料混合制成:甘油聚醚树脂10份;乙二醇醚树脂5份;泡沫稳定剂水溶性硅油0.4份;催化剂五甲基二乙烯三胺0.7份;固化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡0.2份;去离子水4份。
所述耐低温添加剂由以下重量份的组分组成:聚氨酯脱模剂15份;轮胎粉末27份;聚四亚甲基醚二醇12份;1,4-丁二醇1份;硅胶21份;硅油乳液7份。
优选的,所述聚氨酯脱模剂为长链烷基硅油。
优选的,所述轮胎粉末为耐热实心轮胎粉末。
实施例二:
一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:由组分异氰酸酯、聚醚组合物和耐低温添加剂混合发泡而得;
所述的聚醚组合物包括以下重量份数的组分:组合聚醚65份;二甲醚8份;莫来石7份;碳化硅细粉10份;
所述的聚醚组合物和异氰酸酯按质量比为1:2混合发泡后即得所述聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料。
所述组合聚醚采用以下重量份数的主要原料混合制成:甘油聚醚树脂15份;乙二醇醚树脂8份;泡沫稳定剂水溶性硅油0.8份;催化剂五甲基二乙烯三胺0.9份;固化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡0.4份;去离子水8份。
所述耐低温添加剂由以下重量份的组分组成:聚氨酯脱模剂18份;轮胎粉末33份;聚四亚甲基醚二醇14份;1,4-丁二醇3份;硅胶27份;硅油乳液9份。
优选的,所述聚氨酯脱模剂为长链烷基硅油。
优选的,所述轮胎粉末为耐热实心轮胎粉末。
实施例三:
一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:由组分异氰酸酯、聚醚组合物和耐低温添加剂混合发泡而得;
所述的聚醚组合物包括以下重量份数的组分:组合聚醚58份;二甲醚6份;莫来石6份;碳化硅细粉8份;
所述的聚醚组合物和异氰酸酯按质量比为1:1.7混合发泡后即得所述聚氨酯硬泡沫料。
所述组合聚醚采用以下重量份数的主要原料混合制成:甘油聚醚树脂12份;乙二醇醚树脂6.5份;泡沫稳定剂水溶性硅油0.6份;催化剂五甲基二乙烯三胺0.8份;固化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡0.3份;去离子水6份。
所述耐低温添加剂由以下重量份的组分组成:聚氨酯脱模剂16.5份;轮胎粉末30份;聚四亚甲基醚二醇13份;1,4-丁二醇2份;硅胶24份;硅油乳液8份。
优选的,所述聚氨酯脱模剂为长链烷基硅油。
优选的,所述轮胎粉末为耐热实心轮胎粉末。
上述实施例一、实施例二和实施例三按照各重量份的材料制备出来的耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料在各性能上的对比如表1所示。
表1
实施例 | -30℃的使用时间/年 | 泡沫收缩变量幅度 | 耐低温性能 |
实施例一 | 3.7 | 收缩幅度缓慢增加 | 良好 |
实施例二 | 4.9 | 收缩幅度平稳 | 较优 |
实施例三 | 4.0 | 收缩幅度缓慢增加 | 良好 |
从表1可知,实施例二中制备出来的耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料在-30℃状态下的耐低温性能最优,但是实施例一、实施例二、实施例三制备出来的耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料在-30℃状态下的耐低温性能都优于现有技术中的硬泡沫塑料在-30℃状态下的耐低温性能,解决了现有耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料耐低温性能差导致保温效果差的难题。
本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:由组分异氰酸酯、聚醚组合物和耐低温添加剂混合发泡而得;
所述的聚醚组合物包括以下重量份数的组分:
组合聚醚50~65份;
二甲醚4~8份;
莫来石5~7份;
碳化硅细粉6~10份;
所述的聚醚组合物和异氰酸酯按质量比为1:1.5~1:2混合发泡后即得所述聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:所述组合聚醚采用以下重量份数的主要原料混合制成:
甘油聚醚树脂10~15份;
乙二醇醚树脂5~8份;
泡沫稳定剂水溶性硅油0.4~0.8份;
催化剂五甲基二乙烯三胺0.7~0.9份;
固化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡0.2~0.4份;
去离子水4~8份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:所述耐低温添加剂由以下重量份的组分组成:
聚氨酯脱模剂15~18份;
轮胎粉末27~33份;
聚四亚甲基醚二醇12~14份;
1,4-丁二醇1~3份;
硅胶21~27份;
硅油乳液7~9份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:所述聚氨酯脱模剂为长链烷基硅油。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种耐低温聚氨酯硬泡沫塑料,其特征在于:所述轮胎粉末为耐热实心轮胎粉末。
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