CN105906771B - 水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液连续生产方法及设备 - Google Patents
水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液连续生产方法及设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物共聚乳液连续生产方法及设备,其特征在于,它首先在高温釜中进行多元醇制造或多元醇脱水,然后放入预聚反应釜,预聚体合成,亲水性扩链反应,和第一次丙烯酸酯接枝镶嵌入聚氨酯预聚体中;再转釜到高速分散釜里,中和,加水高速分散,得均匀分散液;再次转入脱溶剂或聚合釜中,二次扩链,先减压脱除分散中的溶剂,并经旋风分离器降低气态溶剂中水份,之后,用乳化釜里的丙烯酸酯预乳化液与聚氨酯共聚,得高品质水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液。本发明大大降低了人员的劳动强度,减少了泵等管道设备故障对物料的粘附沾连,大幅度提高生产效率,减少了配方物料的损耗,降低生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工胶粘剂生产技术领域,特别是涉及一种水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液连续生产方法及设备。
背景技术
近年来,随着各个国家环保法规日益严格,使得水性胶粘剂迅速发展。水性聚氨酯有良好的耐磨性,柔韧性、耐低温性和耐疲劳性等,但耐水性,耐溶剂性差,固含量偏低、自增稠性差。
水性丙烯酸酯乳液:粘附力优异、价格低廉,有优良的保色性、耐候性、耐油性。可是,低温易变脆、高温易发粘。
因此,国内外科研工作人员对它们进行优势互补地改性,赋予丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯多种特殊性能,适应市场需求。
在水性聚氨酯改性生产工艺中,通常包括:制造多元醇或多元醇脱水→聚氨酯预聚体合成→预聚体扩链、接枝改性或中和→预聚体在水中分散→分散液脱溶剂→进一步改性→调整体系至合格包装等流程。而现有的水性聚氨酯改性生产工艺,只用一、两个反应釜,所谓的“一气呵成”,多个生产流程在同一个釜里完成,这样上下工艺流程或前后生产批次间夹杂残余物,产品品质降低;要么分开几个工序段通过泵和管道长距离传输或人力转运,劳动强度大,增多了泵或管道故障出现率,物料粘附沾粘,物耗增加,生产效率低,配方物料计量难得准确和完整,生产收得率低。而且生产过程中涉及到一些不宜直接接触的化学品或半成品,存在一定的化工生产安全隐患。
尽管国内外科研工作者对水性聚氨酯改性生产工艺作了比较深入的研究和探讨,但都存在或多或少的欠缺,生产成本转移到水性聚氨酯改性乳液上,单位价格偏高!有的甚至乳液性能差。其原因主要表现在:
(1)、生产工艺中采用了“精兵简政”---反应釜总共只有一、两个,上下工序流程或前后生产批次间在釜内有或多或少的残余物,交叉感染,副产物比例提高,与配方设计偏离大。(2)、又因为各工艺流程所需要的反应温度段不完全相同,在同一釜里进行反应,温度调控不及时,副反应增多,分子量分布宽,产品纯度偏低,性能下降。(3)、要么多增加几套设备,缺乏系统性,增加泵和管道且多曲道或长距离传输物料,温度与流量不匹配,物料易在泵或管路等设备中堵塞或泄漏,劳动强度大,设备故障增多,物料粘附沾连,损耗大,生产收得率低和降低生产效率,产品与配方设计初衷偏离。(4)、传统工艺在分散液脱除溶剂工序,无旋风分离器,所回收的溶剂含水量高,回收的溶剂使用面窄,低价处理,分摊到乳液生产成本里,乳液生产成本升高。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了解决现有技术之不足而提供的一种水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物共聚乳液连续生产方法,其制备的乳液兼具:耐水、耐溶剂、耐光、耐候、耐低温,柔韧性好,粘接强度高等特殊性能。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液连续生产设备。
本发明是采用如下技术解决方案来实现上述目的:一种水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物共聚乳液连续生产方法,其特征在于,它首先在高温釜中进行多元醇制造或多元醇脱水,然后放入预聚反应釜,预聚体合成,亲水性扩链反应,和第一次丙烯酸酯接枝镶嵌入聚氨酯预聚体中;再转釜到高速分散釜里,中和,加水高速分散,得均匀分散液;再次转入脱溶剂或聚合釜中,二次扩链,先减压脱除分散中的溶剂,并经旋风分离器降低气态溶剂中水份,之后,用乳化釜里的丙烯酸酯预乳化液与聚氨酯共聚,得高品质水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液。
作为上述方案的进一步说明,它包括如下步骤:
a、以下成分的添加按重量份算,首先将PCL10~15份,PBA85~90份投入高温釜中,升温至内温100-130℃,启动真空泵,减压脱水0.8-1.2小时备用,再把HDI 6~8份,IPDI 5~7份和DBTDL 2滴,加入预聚反应釜中,打开高温釜放料底阀,让高温釜中多元醇自然放入预聚反应釜中,预聚反应釜抽点真空,把高温釜的物料完全吸入到预聚反应釜里;再次让预聚反应釜内温保持在80℃-90℃预聚反应1.5-2.5小时,稍降温至70℃-80℃加入TMP 0.1-0.3份,BDO 0.2-0.4份,反应0.8-1.2小时后,又加入DMBA 1.2份~1.8份,NMP 3~5份,扩链0.8-1.2小时,然后加入HEMA 4~5份进行第一次镶嵌接枝反应,反应1.8-2.2小时;以上扩链过程中可依反应情况加高位槽中ACE 100~120份来调节预聚体粘度,保证预聚反应釜里的预聚体能搅拌分散均匀;
b、测定NCO基含量,达到或接近理论值时,立即放入高速分散釜中降温中止反应,当高速分散釜内温降至50℃时,向高速分散釜里加入TEA1~1.5份中和反应0.8-1.2小时后,再次降温,当高速分散釜内温降至30℃以下时,提速至1000r/mim,并从乳化釜直接放下去离子水100~120份,在高速分散至均一分散液,然后,打开高速分散釜的放料底阀,把分散液全部转入脱溶剂或聚合釜里,在搅拌状态下,滴加ADH 0.5~3.0份,二次扩链0.8-1.2小时,再升温,当内温达50℃~65℃时启动真空泵,减压脱除聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散液中ACE,混合汽经过旋风分离器,高沸点的水汽迅速冷凝成液体与低沸点的ACE气体分离开,含水份很少的ACE气体经冷凝器回收,直至脱溶剂或聚合釜中无ACE气味时撤除负压,得均一稳定的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散液,备用;
c、在减压脱溶剂的同时,向乳化釜中加入水10~35份、乳化剂:0.8~1.5份,MMA:18~22份、BA:6~10份、DAAM:1~3份、GMA:0.5~2份、AA:0.5~2份,乳化0.8-1.2小时,至均一稳定,不分层预乳化液,备用;给脱溶剂或聚合釜升温,当内温达80℃时,开始滴加乳化釜里的丙烯酸酯预乳化液,进行丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯共聚,同时滴加APS:0.1~0.5份的水溶液,使聚合反应平稳进行,滴完后再升温至85℃~90℃保温0.8-1.2小时,最后降温至45℃,并调PH值7~8,打开放料底阀,转入过滤包装线,得均一稳定乳白微蓝水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液。
一种水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液连续生产设备,其特征在于,它包括乳化釜、高位槽、真空泵以及从上而下依次排布连接的高温釜、预聚反应釜、高速分散釜、脱溶剂或聚合釜、过滤包装线;真空泵通过管道连接高温釜、预聚反应釜和脱溶剂或聚合釜,脱溶剂或聚合釜连接有旋风分离器,高位槽的输出端连接预聚反应釜,
高温釜、乳化釜、高位槽设置在最高处,构成第五层;预聚反应釜,设置在高温釜底部,构成第四层;高速分散釜设置在预聚反应釜底部构成第三层;脱溶剂或聚合釜设置在高速分散釜底部构成第二层;过滤包装线设置在脱溶剂或聚合釜底部和真空泵构成最底层。
本发明采用上述技术解决方案所能达到的有益效果是:
本发明采用将生产工艺剖析为多个各自相对独立的工序,各工序既可单独操作,依据工艺推演,错开时间操作,容易把好各工序段产品质量关;又可协调各工序节奏,达到连续生产目的,整个乳液生产好似一条自动生产流水线;同时,实际操作时,物料都是通过最短距离高位差直接放到下一个工序,还通过抽真空强化物料彻底地转釜,这样,釜内无残余物,确保配方计量的准确性、完整性,前后生产批次间不会交叉感染,副产物少,产品匀一稳定,又不需额外增加泵和管道转送物料,减少环节对物料的粘附沾连,降低了配方物料损耗,减少设备故障出现频率,降低了人员劳动强度,大幅减少操作人员和泵等设备。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:1、乳化釜 2、高位槽 3、真空泵 4、高温釜 5、预聚反应釜 6、高速分散釜 7、脱溶剂或聚合釜 8、过滤包装线 9、旋风分离器。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物共聚乳液连续生产方法,它首先在高温釜中进行多元醇制造或多元醇脱水,然后放入预聚反应釜,预聚体合成,亲水性扩链反应,和第一次丙烯酸酯接枝镶嵌入聚氨酯预聚体中;再转釜到高速分散釜里,中和,加水高速分散,得均匀分散液;再次转入脱溶剂或聚合釜中,二次扩链,先减压脱除分散中的溶剂,并经旋风分离器降低气态溶剂中水份,之后,用乳化釜里的丙烯酸酯预乳化液与聚氨酯共聚,得高品质水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液。
以下结合具体实施例对本技术方案作详细的描述。
实施例1
水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物共聚乳液连续生产方法,它包括如下步骤:
a、以下成分的添加按重量份算,首先将PCL 12份,PBA 86份投入高温釜中,升温至内温120℃,启动真空泵,减压脱水1小时备用,再把HDI7份,IPDI 6份和DBTDL 2滴,加入预聚反应釜中,打开高温釜放料底阀,让高温釜中多元醇自然放入预聚反应釜中,预聚反应釜抽点真空,把高温釜的物料完全吸入到预聚反应釜里;再次让预聚反应釜内温保持在80℃-90℃预聚反应2小时,稍降温至70℃-80℃加入TMP 0.2份,BDO 0.3份,反应1小时后,又加入DMBA 1.4份,NMP 4份,扩链1小时,然后加入HEMA 4份进行第一次镶嵌接枝反应,反应2小时;以上扩链过程中可依反应情况加高位槽中ACE 100~120份来调节预聚体粘度,保证预聚反应釜里的预聚体能搅拌分散均匀;
b、测定NCO基含量,达到或接近理论值时,立即放入高速分散釜中降温中止反应,当高速分散釜内温降至50℃时,向高速分散釜里加入TEA1.2份中和反应1小时后,再次降温,当高速分散釜内温降至30℃以下时,提速至1000r/mim,并从乳化釜直接放下去离子水110份,在高速分散至均一分散液,然后,打开高速分散釜的放料底阀,把分散液全部转入脱溶剂或聚合釜里,在搅拌状态下,滴加ADH 1.5份,二次扩链1小时,再升温,当内温达50℃~65℃时启动真空泵,减压脱除聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散液中ACE,混合汽经过旋风分离器,高沸点的水汽迅速冷凝成液体与低沸点的ACE气体分离开,含水份很少的ACE气体经冷凝器回收,直至脱溶剂或聚合釜中无ACE气味时撤除负压,得均一稳定的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散液,备用;
c、在减压脱溶剂的同时,向乳化釜中加入水15份、乳化剂:1份,MMA:19份、BA:7份、DAAM:2份、GMA:1份、AA:1份,乳化1小时,至均一稳定,不分层预乳化液,备用;给脱溶剂或聚合釜升温,当内温达80℃时,开始滴加乳化釜里的丙烯酸酯预乳化液,进行丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯共聚,同时滴加APS:0.3份的水溶液,使聚合反应平稳进行,滴完后再升温至85℃~90℃保温1小时,最后降温至45℃,并调PH值7~8,打开放料底阀,转入过滤包装线,得均一稳定乳白微蓝水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液。
实施例2
本实施例中,它包括如下步骤:
a、以下成分的添加按重量份算,首先将PCL 13份,PBA 87份投入高温釜中,升温至内温120℃,启动真空泵,减压脱水1.1小时备用,再把HDI 6份,IPDI 5份和DBTDL 2滴,加入预聚反应釜中,打开高温釜放料底阀,让高温釜中多元醇自然放入预聚反应釜中,预聚反应釜抽点真空,把高温釜的物料完全吸入到预聚反应釜里;再次让预聚反应釜内温保持在80℃-90℃预聚反应2.2小时,稍降温至70℃-80℃加入TMP 0.1份,BDO0.4份,反应1.1小时后,又加入DMBA 1.4份,NMP 3份,扩链1.1小时,然后加入HEMA 4份进行第一次镶嵌接枝反应,反应2.1小时;以上扩链过程中可依反应情况加高位槽中ACE 100~120份来调节预聚体粘度,保证预聚反应釜里的预聚体能搅拌分散均匀;
b、测定NCO基含量,达到或接近理论值时,立即放入高速分散釜中降温中止反应,当高速分散釜内温降至50℃时,向高速分散釜里加入TEA1.3份中和反应1.1小时后,再次降温,当高速分散釜内温降至30℃以下时,提速至1000r/mim,并从乳化釜直接放下去离子水100~120份,在高速分散至均一分散液,然后,打开高速分散釜的放料底阀,把分散液全部转入脱溶剂或聚合釜里,在搅拌状态下,滴加ADH 2.5份,二次扩链1.1小时,再升温,当内温达50℃~65℃时启动真空泵,减压脱除聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散液中ACE,混合汽经过旋风分离器,高沸点的水汽迅速冷凝成液体与低沸点的ACE气体分离开,含水份很少的ACE气体经冷凝器回收,直至脱溶剂或聚合釜中无ACE气味时撤除负压,得均一稳定的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯分散液,备用;
c、在减压脱溶剂的同时,向乳化釜中加入水25份、乳化剂:1.3份,MMA:21份、BA:8份、DAAM:2份、GMA:1.5份、AA:1.5份,乳化1.1小时,至均一稳定,不分层预乳化液,备用;给脱溶剂或聚合釜升温,当内温达80℃时,开始滴加乳化釜里的丙烯酸酯预乳化液,进行丙烯酸酯与聚氨酯共聚,同时滴加APS:0.4份的水溶液,使聚合反应平稳进行,滴完后再升温至85℃~90℃保温1.2小时,最后降温至45℃,并调PH值7~8,打开放料底阀,转入过滤包装线,得均一稳定乳白微蓝水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液。
以下是与所述水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液连续生产方法对应的设备,它包括乳化釜1、高位槽2、真空泵3以及从上而下依次排布连接的高温釜4、预聚反应釜5、高速分散釜6、脱溶剂或聚合釜7、过滤包装线8;真空泵3通过管道连接高温釜4、预聚反应釜5和脱溶剂或聚合釜7,脱溶剂或聚合釜7连接有旋风分离器9,高位槽2的输出端连接预聚反应釜5,高温釜4、乳化釜1、高位槽2设置在最高处,构成第五层;预聚反应釜5,设置在高温釜4底部,构成第四层;高速分散釜6设置在预聚反应釜5底部构成第三层;脱溶剂或聚合釜7设置在高速分散釜底部构成第二层;过滤包装线8设置在脱溶剂或聚合釜底部和真空泵构成最底层。
为了使物料在各层之间顺畅传输,各釜放料底阀和连接管道口径尽可能放大,用DN65,DN80或DN150;为了物料传输更彻底,还用真空抽料补充,达到釜内和管道内几乎无残余物料效果,前后批次间不会交叉感染,副产物少,乳液均一稳定。
实际运用水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液连续生产工艺时,原料投进第五层的相关釜内,待上一工序反应完成后,物料直接放进下一工序的釜里,最后转入过滤包装线。整个生产过程,物料都是通过最短距离高位差直接放到下一工序的,不需要人员或泵对物料进行运送,大大降低了人员的劳动强度,减少了泵等管道设备故障对物料的粘附沾连,大幅度提高生产效率,减少了配方物料的损耗,降低生产成本,并减少了操作人员。并且转送物料在真空密闭状态下进行,无化工生产安全隐患。
本水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液连续生产工艺,剖析为多个各自能独立操作的工序,依据工艺推演,错开时间操作,并且容易把好各工序品质质量关,又可协调各工序节奏,达到连续生产目的。整个乳液生产工艺好似一条自动生产流水线,能自如地“弹奏乐曲”,能满足水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液朝着高性能和多功能方向发展的各种工艺需求。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物共聚乳液连续生产方法,其特征在于,它首先在高温釜中进行多元醇制造或多元醇脱水,然后放入预聚反应釜,预聚体合成,亲水性扩链反应,和第一次丙烯酸酯接枝镶嵌入聚氨酯预聚体中;再转釜到高速分散釜里,中和,加水高速分散,得均匀分散液;再次转入脱溶剂或聚合釜中,二次扩链,先减压脱除分散中的溶剂,并经旋风分离器降低气态溶剂中水份,之后,用乳化釜里的丙烯酸酯预乳化液与聚氨酯共聚,得水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物网络共聚乳液;
水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯互穿聚合物共聚乳液连续生产方法相适应的设备,其特征在于,它包括乳化釜、高位槽、真空泵以及从上而下依次排布连接的高温釜、预聚反应釜、高速分散釜、脱溶剂或聚合釜、过滤包装线;真空泵通过管道连接高温釜、预聚反应釜和脱溶剂或聚合釜,脱溶剂或聚合釜连接有旋风分离器,高位槽的输出端连接预聚反应釜,高温釜、乳化釜、高位槽设置在最高处,构成第五层;预聚反应釜,设置在高温釜底部,构成第四层;高速分散釜设置在预聚反应釜底部构成第三层;脱溶剂或聚合釜设置在高速分散釜底部构成第二层;过滤包装线设置在脱溶剂或聚合釜底部和真空泵构成最底层。
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