CN105900555A - Land engineering design method - Google Patents
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- CN105900555A CN105900555A CN201610196319.5A CN201610196319A CN105900555A CN 105900555 A CN105900555 A CN 105900555A CN 201610196319 A CN201610196319 A CN 201610196319A CN 105900555 A CN105900555 A CN 105900555A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a land engineering design method comprising the following steps: S1, investigating the climate conditions and water resource conditions of a region to be treated; S2, making an on-the-spot survey and an indoor analysis; S3, choosing a plurality of crops which can be planted according to the investigation results of S1 and S2, calculating the water supply capacity of the region and the amount of water needed for crops, checking water conservancy conditions, and determining a crop to be planted; and S4, reconstructing the soil of the region to be treated and improving the fertility of the soil. According to the method, the bottom layer of a river course, bottomland or sandbank is plowed and a plough layer is constructed, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved effectively, the soil fertility is improved, the risk of soil erosion is reduced, and land desertification is inhibited. By integrating the water and soil resource advantages of river course, bottomland or sandbank, the utilization rate and productivity of land resources are improved, and the effective area of cultivated land is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to land control engineering field, be specifically related to the method for designing of a kind of land engineering.
Background technology
China's cultivated land resource per capita, Reserved Cultivated Land Resources are few, and farmland quality is degenerated serious.No. 1 file of central authorities in 2016 is emphasized to adhere to most stringent of Conservation Institutions of Cultivated Land, stands fast at arable land red line.Implement and improve requisition-compensation balance system, adhere to accounting for mend many, be dominant mend excellent, account for moisturizing field, paddy field.In response to national policy is called, increasing cultivated land resource for country, unused land, difficulty are carried out land development and become a kind of effective way by application soil body reconfiguration technique means with utilizing.
For the river course of the cholestatic type of going around of Areas along Yellow River, because flow of water change in river course jeopardizes part height bank and beach, make flood control pressure strengthen year by year, jeopardize the security of the lives and property of the littoral people.For preventing river course from persistently caving in, corroding, protecting village and arable land along the river, common technology is i.e. that problem section carries out dredging waterway, adjusts river gesture and bank slope protection.Although this mode solves the problem of water, but river course beach or shoal is not used on this basis and transforms, not only waste the land resource of preciousness, and local natural landscape, ecological environment are adversely affected.
Summary of the invention
For the problem river course beach or shoal not being used and transforming present in above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to, the method for designing of a kind of land engineering is provided, the method region that is applicable to change its course folder Shahe stream carries out controlling flood after control leads, general spy technology is utilized fully to grasp river course beach or shoal basic condition, recommend crop-planting according to general spy result, and carry out the reconstruct construction of the land engineering soil body and foster and apply fertilizer, be farming land by the unused land regulation in regulation region.
Present invention application land engineering technology carries out flood control control not only by engineering construction and leads, and land comprehensive to be passed through regulation restoration harness river course beach or shoal are developed or revert to plough.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses a following technical scheme to be solved:
The method for designing of a kind of land engineering, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: investigate weather conditions and the water resources condition in region to be renovated；
Step 2: carry out reconnaissance trip and lab analysis；
Step 3: according to step 1, the survey result of 2, selects several plantable crop；Zoning water supply capacity and the water demand of crop, and adjust water project situation, determine and treat long-term cropping.
Step 4: the soil body treating regulation region reconstructs and fosters and apply fertilizer.
Further, the soil body treating regulation region of described step 4 reconstructs and fosters and apply fertilizer, and specifically includes following steps:
Step 41: river course beach or shoal top layer are carried out smooth；
Step 42: with muddy water pouring smooth after river course beach or shoal top layer, formed dirt bed；
Step 43: dry in the sun dirt bed also covers compacting after loess thereon, forms artificial plough sole；
Step 44: use shovel height to pad low mode and artificial plough sole is carried out smooth；
Step 45: cover loess on the artificial plough sole after smooth, form artificial arable layer；
Step 46: artificial arable layer is carefully put down；
Step 47: artificial arable layer is fostered and apply fertilizer.
Further, described step 41 river course beach or shoal top layer are carried out smooth comprising the steps:
Engineering method is used to carry out smooth to river course beach or shoal top layer, river course beach or shoal use lattice field form be divided into the uniform rectangular field of area, field is long limit according to physical features direction from high to low, and short side direction is vertical with long limit, and ridging direction is consistent with long limit；The field length-width ratio that ridging is formed is preferably 2:1～4:1.
Further, when field interior zone exists the gradient, use shovel height to pad low method and this field region carried out smooth, smooth after make lateral gradient ＜ 1/2000, longitudinal gradient ＜ 1/1500, difference in height ± 2.5, face, field～3cm.
Further, described step 42 with muddy water pouring smooth after river course beach or shoal top layer formed dirt bed, comprise the steps:
Use pulp shooting machine mud mixture is uniformly watered be filled in smooth after river course beach or shoal top layer；Dry in the sun does not has hydrops to top layer, makes the dirt bed thickness of formation reach 4～5mm.
Further, the dry in the sun dirt bed of described step 43 and after covering loess thereon compacting form artificial plough sole, comprise the steps:
Dry in the sun dirt bed reaches 18%～19% to its moisture content, covers loess and tamps, make the loess dry density of compacting reach 1.6～1.7g/cm on dirt bed3, the loess formation thickness of final compacting reaches 2.0～3.0cm, obtains artificial plough sole.
Further, in described step 44, described artificial plough sole carry out smooth after, face, field difference in height is ± 2.5cm.
Further, described step 45 comprises the steps:
Being covered equably by loess on the artificial plough sole after smooth, obtain artificial arable layer, artificial arable layer dry density scope is 1.2～1.3g/cm3, cladding thickness is 24～25cm.
Further, during described covering loess, carry out with Tian Weiyi the construction cell of lattice divided in step 41, before earthing, the transporter gauge according to per car soil calculates bicycle earthing area, grid is marked with white lime in face, field, make each grid area and bicycle earthing area equation, accomplish that each grid just uses a car soil.
Further, in described step 4, if treating that long-term cropping is aquatic crops, then also including after step 47: artificial arable layer is poured water, pulls an oar and flattened, obtaining layer of pulling an oar.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
1, soil body reconstruct constructs farmland plough sole structure, reduce quantities, reduce thickness of earth covering, ensure plough sole preservation capacity of water and fertility energy simultaneously.
2, river course beach or shoal are carried out plough sole and arable layer builds, be effectively improved its soil physico-chemical property, culture fertility, reduce crosstab model, suppress desertification of land.
3, combine river course beach or shoal water and soil resources advantage, improve utilization rate and the output capacity of land resource, increase effective cultivated area.Alleviate people ground contradiction, improve self-sufficiency rate of grain；Increase farmers' income, perfect rural infrastructure system, promote Rural Urbanization Development.
4, by carrying out land engineering, plant ecological shelter forest, service, improve ecology overall situation in region, form the ecological protective screen, take into account and filter effect of organic pollution in agricultural drain, make the more ordering of original land ecosystem, increase ecological environment benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the soil body reconstructs mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the soil body reconstruct schematic diagram of dry crop.
Fig. 3 is the soil body reconstruct schematic diagram of aquatic crops.
In figure, label implication is as follows: 1-river course beach or shoal；2-muddy water layer；The artificial plough sole of 3-；The artificial arable layer of 4-, 5-pulls an oar layer.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in detail with detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The thinking of the present invention is, utilizes general spy result, plants and is suitable for crop and treats regulation region carrying out soil body reconstruct and fostering and apply fertilizer, is farming land by unused land regulations such as river course beach or shoals.
The method for designing of land engineering that the present invention provides, specifically includes following steps:
Step 1: investigate weather conditions and the water resources condition in region to be renovated.Wherein, weather conditions include climate type, accumulated temperature, ground temperature, rainfall, illumination, frost-free period, wind and air pressure；Water resources condition includes groundwater level, the surface water water yield and water quality.
Step 2: carry out reconnaissance trip and lab analysis.
Step 21: use remote sensing image to combine GPS location technology and determine that regional extent to be renovated, landform, elevation change, utilizes general spy technology to grasp soil thickness situation of change, and the kind and yield to endemic species plant is investigated.In line with random, multiple spot, mixing, covering the principle of all soil types, in treating regulation region according to " HJ/T 166-2004 soil monitoring technical specification ", pedotheque and all types of water sample are acquired.
Step 22: treat river regulation beach or shoal and the soil of potential utilization can carry out soil analysis, analysis project and to analyze reason as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1 soil analysis project and reason
It is shown in Table 2,3 with China's " soil nutrient content grade scale " after index is carried out indoor measurement to compare, determines each Content of Nutrients of soil property.By heavy metal content in soil compared with China's " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995), determine that the region soil body is appropriate for that field-crop is planted.
Table 2 China classification for soil nutrition standard (a great number of elements)
Table 3 China classification for soil nutrition standard (middle and trace element)
| Rank | Effectively boron (mg kg-1) | Effectively silicon (mg kg-1) | Exchangeable calcium (mg kg-1) |
| The abundantest | ＞ 2 | ＞ 230 | ＞ 1000 |
| Abundant | 1～2 | 115～230 | 700～1000 |
| Medium | 0.5～1 | 70～115 | 500～700 |
| Lack | 0.2～0.5 | 25～70 | 300～500 |
| Pole lacks | ＜ 0.2 | ＜ 25 | ＜ 300 |
Step 23: investigate available Tu Yuan, repeats step 22, available soil is carried out comprehensive sampling analysis.Heavy metal content in soil is compared with China's " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995) index of correlation limit value, determines whether as artificial arable layer earthing Tu Yuan.According to the difference of soil particle diameter distribution, when soil body reconstruct construction, for building different soil moved in improve the original layers.As higher in available soil source clay content, can be used for the reconstruct of the artificial plough sole soil body.Comparison soil source nutrient content, selects the soil that the content of organic matter is higher to be used for the reconstruct of artificial arable layer.
Step 24: the water sample type of collection mainly includes river, subsoil water and urban river water, measure the content of its pH value, total salt content and heavy metal chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, lead, index determining result, compared with China's " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), selects suitable iirigation water source.
Step 3: according to step 1, the survey result of 2, selects several plantable crop.After preliminary selected plantable crop, zoning water supply capacity and the water demand of crop, adjust water project situation, determine and treat long-term cropping.
Step 31: regional water supply capability analysis
3.1.1 according to locality, region Multi-year average precipitation, according to rainfall-runoff relationship curve, flow path surface is extrapolated.
3.1.2 interflow subsurface drainage magnitude of recruitment uses interflow subsurface drainage modular approach to calculate, and selects the infiltration coefficient in region to be renovated, and calculates according to Darcy's law, interflow subsurface drainage increment every year on average.Consulting " hydrologic manual ", determine that local ground watering can exploit modulus P, in calculating region, subsoil water year can the amount of adopting.
3.1.3 region surface water and groundwater amount is overlapped, calculates regional water supply ability.
Step 32: crop water component analysis
Determine the regional irrigation gross area, chief crop kind, planning level year crop irrigation and cropping system, and calmodulin binding domain CaM " water demand of crop and subregion Irrigation " and " industry water consumption quota ", determine the comprehensive irrigation norm of crop.
3.2.1 irrigation system design is chosen
The Irrigation Design of crop definitely rate is according to meteorological model, water and soil resources, crop composition, irrigation scale, irrigation method and economic benefit, and " irrigate and drainage system technical specification " (GB50288-99) etc. determines.According to Project Areas water resource abundant time, appropriateness can improve ensurance probability of irrigation water, with Dry crop no more than 75%, Oryza sativa L. is principle no more than 85%, calmodulin binding domain CaM geographical position, water resources situation, crop-planting type and local society economic conditions consider, and determine irrigation system design P.
3.2.2 irrigated area and pattern of farming are determined.
3.2.3 according to " water-saving irrigation technique specification " (SL207-98), the practical situation in integration project district and the experience of irrigation, planning level year crop irrigation program.Comprehensive case above, drafts the comprehensive irrigation norm of long-term cropping.
3.2.4 agricultural irrigation water requirement estimation
According to formula:
M need=M A/
In formula: M needs irrigation requirement (m3)；
M irrigation norm (m3/ mu)；
A irrigated area area；
Water efficiency of irrigation (takes 0.65～0.75).
By irrigation canal system, water saving measures comprehensive, it is contemplated that in region, water efficiency of irrigation can reach 0.65～0.75, calculates the comprehensive gross irrigation quota of crop in region by this.
3.2.5 water demands of crop all in region are overlapped, calculate the water demand of crop.
Step 33: according to step 31,32, the water demand of crop to be selected to regional water supply ability and every kind is compared, determines and treat long-term cropping.
Step 4: treat the regulation region soil body and reconstruct and foster and apply fertilizer.
Form of construction work is as shown in Figure 1.
River course beach or shoal top layer are carried out smooth, are embodied as follows:
Step 41: use engineering method to carry out smooth to river course beach or shoal top layer, river course beach or shoal use lattice field form be divided into the uniform rectangular field of area, field is long limit according to physical features direction from high to low, and short side direction is vertical with long limit, and ridging direction is consistent with long limit.The field length-width ratio that ridging is formed is preferably 2:1～4:1, preferably 3:1.
Interior zone is existed to the field of the gradient, uses shovel height to pad low method and this field region is carried out smooth, smooth after make lateral gradient ＜ 1/2000, longitudinal gradient ＜ 1/1500, face, field difference in height controls ± 2.5～3cm.
Step 42: the river course beach after muddy water pouring is smooth or shoal top layer, forms dirt bed.Specifically comprise the following steps that
Carry out mixing, stirring according to the ratio of volume ratio 1:1～1:2 with water by loess, obtain mud mixture；Use pulp shooting machine mud mixture is uniformly watered be filled in smooth after river course beach or shoal top layer.Dry in the sun does not has hydrops to top layer, makes the dirt bed thickness of formation reach 4～5mm, if once pouring is not up to, it may be considered that repeatedly pouring is until reaching this standard；Loess and preferred 1:1.3～1:1.5 of volume ratio of water.
Step 43: dry in the sun dirt bed also covers compacting after loess thereon, forms artificial plough sole；It is embodied as follows:
Dry in the sun dirt bed reaches 18%～19% to its moisture content, covers loess and tamps, make the loess dry density of compacting reach 1.6～1.7g/cm on dirt bed3, the loess formation thickness of final compacting reaches 2.0～3.0cm, has i.e. obtained artificial plough sole.Artificial plough sole thickness is preferably 3cm, to reduce the Lou fertilizer that leaks.
Step 44: the artificial plough sole using the shovel height low mode of pad to form step 3 carries out smooth, it is ensured that face, field difference in height controls at ± 2.5cm.
Step 45: cover loess on the artificial plough sole after smooth, form artificial arable layer；It is embodied as follows:
Being covered equably by loess on the artificial plough sole after smooth, obtain artificial arable layer, artificial arable layer dry density scope is 1.2～1.3g/cm3, cladding thickness is 20～30cm.In aforesaid operations, the loess Direct Uniform of artificial arable layer covers on the artificial plough sole after smooth, does not carry out compaction actions.
Preferably mode of operation is: when covering loess, carry out with Tian Weiyi the construction cell of lattice divided in step 41, before earthing, the transporter gauge according to per car soil calculates bicycle earthing area, grid is marked with white lime in face, field, make each grid area and bicycle earthing area equation, accomplish that each grid just uses a car soil, uniform to ensure artificial arable layer thickness.
Step 46: carefully put down artificial arable layer, makes the loess thickness difference of artificial arable layer various places inside be not more than 1cm.
Step 47: artificial arable layer is applied fertilizer.
Owing to the nutrient contents such as artificial arable layer nitrogen organic, complete, available phosphorus, available potassium, effective boron are relatively low, be not suitable for conventional crop plantation, need applying portion fertilizer to carry out soil fertility improvement.Therefore, artificial arable layer is carried out nutrient content mensuration, definitely force level, according to the content of soil nutrient required under area crops yield level, supplement the fertilising consumption of artificial arable layer, it is carried out fertilising and carries out soil nutrient regulation.
After soil nutrient regulates, each soil property composition in field can be made to reach to be available for the level of crop normal growth.The follow-up continuous farming through certain time limit, can regulate the standard to high-yield field by the soil property of newly-increased farmland.In farmland nutrient for many years designs, it then follows high fertilizer efficiency, the principle of steady volume increase, step up soil body nutrient content, through the farming of 3～5 years, be finally reached the soil quality standard in high-yield field.Concrete operations are as follows:
The plantation of newly-increased farmland first year is it may happen that the relatively low or extremely low phenomenon of crop yield, for ensureing that in implant mass, the quick regulation of ratio and soil body nutrient is thrown in good producing, before first year crop harvesting, representative field is preferably selected to carry out crop surveying product, if the every per mu yield of crop is less than normal volume 1/4, gather the most on a large scale, carry out on the spot also field, increase soil organic matter content, prepare for next year plantation.
In farmland long-term fertilization manages, fertilizer apply the also field effect with straw, all can slowly release the nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, in conjunction with using of chemical fertilizer, soil body nutrient can occurrence dynamics change, constantly improve.For supplementing in different phase the nutrient needed for crop pointedly, it is achieved various nutrient balance supplies, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and reduce consumption, and save labour, cutting down expenditures and increasing income, in fertilizing management for many years, preferably with fertilization compositions based on earth measurement as means, progressively adjust soil body nutrient to high-yield field standard.
The nutrient design that farmland is organic, mainly suitable application of organic fertilizers means are coordinated to realize with also field, straw original place: before plantation in 2～3 years, field topsoil organic matter is sampled measuring by annual harvest time, if the content of organic matter reaches high crop yield demand content, the most only crop material is gone back on the spot field；If the content of organic matter relatively low (≤2%), then, before next crop-planting, every mu is suitably sprinkled into 0.5～1 side (about 400～1000kg) decomposed manure in season, recuperates a point lifting demand with mixed soil.
In the dynamic monitoring of field, observe crop growing state at any time, if there is any nutritional deficiency symptom, should topdress in time.At crop key developmental stages, gather crop Herb, carry out nutrient analysis, and with reference to the critical nutrient content of plant, topdress as required.
In a great number of elements such as farmland nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron, silicon, calcium etc., the nutrient design of trace element, mainly realizes with fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, and concrete operations are as follows:
A) soil sample collection: gathering soil sample after annual crop harvesting, sampling position and adopted soil sample should be representative, and depth selection is typically at 20cm.Sampling is a unit with 100 mu of areas, with quincunx sampling, removes table soil covering, scrapes out section by standard depth, uniformly fetch earth by soil layer.Then, each point soil sample mixing that will adopt, reduces sample size item by item, finally stays about 1kg by quartering.
B) soil test: pedotheque is carried out the chemical examination of the indexs such as full nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, pH value and quality.Analysis data is also registered, and loads soil fertility archives, inputs computer, sets up Soil Database.
C) formula is determined: according to the design of soil body nutrient and the crops fertilizer requirement of certain yield index, the fertilizer amount of soil, and this season utilization rate of different fertilizer, selected fertilizer ratio and dose.
The calculating of chemical fertilizer dose determines according to aggregate datas such as yield index, soil fertility, fertilizer types, and formula is as follows:
Applying quantity of chemical fertilizer=(nutrients uptake amounts of scheduled production-fertilizer provision from soil amount-fertilizer fertilizer amount)/fertilizer contains nutrient percentage rate (%) × utilization rate of fertilizer (%)
D) scientific utilization of fertilizer: carry out buying and joining fertilizer according to selected fertilizer ratio and dose.And grasp fertilization depth, control the distance of fertilizer and seed well, the most effectively meet crops seedling stage and the growth promoter intermediary and later stages needs to fertilizer.E) revision formula: according to annual soil data and the situation of field dynamic monitoring surveyed, amendment determines fertilizer formula, and the technical measures making balance fertilizing are more realistic, have more science.
Step 48: if treating that long-term cropping is aquatic crops, then need artificial arable layer is poured water, pulls an oar and flattened, obtains layer of pulling an oar.Concrete operations are as follows: before water plant sowing or rice transplanting, artificial arable layer is poured water, pulls an oar and flattened.Before making beating, pouring into the Soil surface water of the 8～10cm degree of depth, uniformly pull an oar through beater and flatten in field, form the making beating layer of the 5～10cm degree of depth in arable layer, making beating layer can be directly used for plantation.
It addition, paddy field all carries out draining winter slack after gathering in the crops every year, it is ensured that in soil, reduction is with oxidizing condition alternately, chesson improves soil physical properties, promotes soil potential fertility validation.
Fig. 2 is shown in by the soil body reconstruct schematic diagram of dry crop, and Fig. 3 is shown in by the soil body reconstruct schematic diagram of aquatic crops.
Embodiment:
As a example by the section project of Shaanxi Yellow River gantry, Project Areas belongs to the semiarid continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, mean annual precipitation 555.2mm, is concentrated mainly on season in autumn in summer two, and 7～9 monthly mean rainfalls reach 306mm.Many average temperatures of the whole year 13.7 DEG C, annual average 10.3 DEG C of daily temperature range.>=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature are 4626 DEG C, continue 209 days, hence it is evident that be better than warm temperate zone upper bound index (warm temperate zone accumulated temperature 3400 DEG C～4500 DEG C)；>=20 DEG C of accumulated temperature are 2718 DEG C, continue 107 days.At 2436 hours sunshine of annual, solar radiation total amount reaches 121.24kcal/ (cm2A), many annual average frost-free periods are 208 days.The many annuals of air pressure 96.3 × 103Pa, wind speed annual 2.5m/s.
Investigate according to reconnaissance trip, Project Areas shoal groundwater level depth 1.5～2m, river course Beaches ' Underground Water Level buried depth 0.2～1m.In Project Areas, in the year of section, wet season 7～run-off in October are about 152.4 hundred million m3, account for about the 60% of annual runoff；Dry season 1～run-off in February are about 24.8 hundred million m3, account for about the 9% of annual runoff.
The Project Areas shoal soil soil texture is sandy loam；The river course beach soil texture is loamy sand.The pH of shoal soil and river course beach soil belongs to alkalescence, and oxidation-reduction potential suitable for crop grows.The content of organic matter of shoal soil is in deficiency state, and the exchangeable calcium of river course beach soil is in level of extremely enriching, and the content of organic matter is in medium level.Shoal and the full nitrogen of river course beach soil, available phosphorus, available potassium, effective boron equal size are in lacking extremely shortage level, and available silicon content is medium.The average contents such as heavy metal chromium in shoal and river course beach soil, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead all meet the II grade standard in China's " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995), can be used for field-crop plantation.
To soil field, Project Areas soil property for silt loam.At No. 3 native fields 0～2m higher with the soil clay particle content of No. 1 native following soil layer of field 2m, after rolling, can be used for artificial plough sole.
The pH value of soil field soil, oxidation-reduction potential suitable for crop grows.The soil field content of organic matter is in medium to abundant level, each soil field exchangeable calcium is in extremely enriching level, total nitrogen content is in and lacks extremely shortage level, and available phosphorus, available potassium, the content of effective boron are in lacking extremely deficiency state, and available silicon content is medium to abundant.In the soil of soil field, the average content of heavy metal chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead etc. all meets the II grade standard in China's " standard of soil environment quality ", can be used for field-crop plantation, for artificial arable layer earthing.
Huanghe water, subsoil water, urban river water etc. are used equally to irrigate.
According to regional water supply ability and the water demand of crop, determine shoal can rice cultivation, river course Lotus planting.
For by Project Areas shoal and river course beach build as high standard rice terrace and Rhizoma Nelumbinis field respectively, carry out soil body reconstruct in Project Areas, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) in Project Areas, shoal physical features is relatively flat, by north orientation south entirety gradient 1 ‰.Shoal entirety is divided into 3 big fields from south orientation north, and area is about at about 154 hectares, and river course beach is totally divided into 4 big fields, and area is about at about 120 hectares.Big field is internal uses lattice field form to be divided into the most uniform little field of area, and in lattice field, face, field difference in height controls at ± 2.5cm.Lattice field shape is planned to rectangle, and according to physical features from high to low with northeast-southwestward for long limit, short side direction is normal thereto, and ridging direction is consistent with long limit.Project lattice field is sized so as to 40m × 120m, carries out smooth in lattice field.
(2) shoal level of ground water in Project Areas meets paddy growth requirement, carry out mixing, stirring according to the ratio of volume ratio 1:1.3 (soil: water) with water by soil field loess, then use pulp shooting machine mud mixture is watered equably be filled in smooth after shoal top layer, on this basis structure the artificial plough sole of 3cm.Earthing 25cm builds artificial arable layer, and Paddy soil body weight structure amounts to earthing 28cm, artificial arable layer dry density about 1.25g/cm3.Ensure the Soil surface water degree of depth 2～10cm (tillering stage water layer 2～3cm, jointing-booting stage water layer 6～10cm) in rice at whole growth periods；Keep the mud surface layer of 3～about 5cm between Soil surface water and arable layer, provide cushioning effect for rice soil oxidoreduction.
River course, Project Areas beach is direct Lotus planting after little scope is smooth, it is not necessary to carry out earthing or soil layer peels off backfill.Rhizoma Nelumbinis field forms tool 30～40cm thickness muds by waterflooding in farming and keeps 5～30cm degree of depth Soil surface water.
(3) according to artificial arable layer soil analysis, the amount of application first of rice terrace and Rhizoma Nelumbinis field carbamide is every mu of 40kg.Apply sheep stool about 600kg, every mu of Rhizoma Nelumbinis field 1600kg rice terrace first year every mu.
Rice terrace after shoot transplanting equipment 5 days every mu impose carbamide 6kg, within after rice transplanting 13～15 days, combine every mu of cultivated land and execute carbamide 5kg, ear first about 25～30 days every mu impose carbamide and each 5kg of potassium chloride.Spraying the trace element such as twice zinc, manganese, boron: for the first time at tillering regularity, second time completes the phase in ear differentiation simultaneously.Zinc, manganese, the amount of application of boron fertilizer are every mu of 100-125g, and bath concentration is: zinc is one thousandth；Manganese, boron are respectively 5/10000ths, and choosing cloudy day or fine day spray blade face afternoon.
Topdress 3 times during Rhizoma Nelumbinis growth, carry out when 1～2 vertical leaf occurs for the first time, execute or carbamide 15kg for every mu, to promote vertical leaf growth；Second time is carried out at Folium Nelumbinis Feng Hangqian, every mu of sealing fertilizer 50kg；Third time is carried out before knot Rhizoma Nelumbinis, every mu of sealing fertilizer 20kg and potassium sulfate 15kg.
Every mu of rice yield about 400kg of first year, the hollow kernels rate about 11% of Oryza glutinosa；Rhizoma Nelumbinis yield, at 700kg, is the most normally gathered.So that rice yield reaches 600kg/ mu (Caulis et Folium Oryzae amount 1000～1500kg/ mu), Rhizoma Nelumbinis reaches 2000kg/ mu as target output after 3～5 years.
Claims (10)
1. the method for designing of a land engineering, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: investigate weather conditions and the water resources condition in region to be renovated；
Step 2: carry out reconnaissance trip and lab analysis；Determine regional extent to be renovated, landform, height
Journey and soil thickness change, investigation endemic species plant kind and yield；Gather pedotheque and water sample
Carry out lab analysis；
Step 3: according to step 1, the survey result of 2, selects several plantable crop；Calculate
Regional water supply ability and the water demand of crop, and adjust water project situation, determine and treat long-term cropping；
Step 4: the soil body treating regulation region reconstructs and fosters and apply fertilizer.
2. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
The soil body treating regulation region of 4 reconstructs and fosters and apply fertilizer, and specifically includes following steps:
Step 41: river course beach or shoal top layer are carried out smooth；
Step 42: with muddy water pouring smooth after river course beach or shoal top layer, formed dirt bed；
Step 43: dry in the sun dirt bed also covers compacting after loess thereon, forms artificial plough sole；
Step 44: use shovel height to pad low mode and artificial plough sole is carried out smooth；
Step 45: cover loess on the artificial plough sole after smooth, form artificial arable layer；
Step 46: artificial arable layer is carefully put down；
Step 47: artificial arable layer is fostered and apply fertilizer.
3. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step
41 river course beach or shoal top layer are carried out smooth comprising the steps:
Use engineering method to carry out smooth to shoal top layer, river course beach or shoal use lattice field shape
Formula is divided into the uniform rectangular field of area, and field is long limit according to physical features direction from high to low, minor face
Direction is vertical with long limit, and ridging direction is consistent with long limit；The field length-width ratio that ridging is formed is preferably
2:1～4:1.
4. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that in field
When there is the gradient in region, portion, use shovel height pad low method this field region is carried out smooth, smooth after
Make lateral gradient ＜ 1/2000, longitudinal gradient ＜ 1/1500, difference in height ± 2.5, face, field～3cm.
5. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step
42 with muddy water pouring smooth after river course beach or shoal top layer formed dirt bed, comprise the steps:
Use pulp shooting machine mud mixture is uniformly watered be filled in smooth after river course beach or shoal top layer；
Dry in the sun does not has hydrops to top layer, makes the dirt bed thickness of formation reach 4～5mm.
6. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step
The dry in the sun dirt bed of 43 and after covering loess thereon compacting form artificial plough sole, comprise the steps:
Dry in the sun dirt bed reaches 18%～19% to its moisture content, covers loess and tamp on dirt bed,
The loess dry density making compacting reaches 1.6～1.7g/cm3, the loess formation thickness of final compacting reaches
2.0～3.0cm, obtain artificial plough sole.
7. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step
In 44, described artificial plough sole carry out smooth after, face, field difference in height is ± 2.5cm.
8. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step
Comprise the steps: in 45
Loess is covered equably on the artificial plough sole after smooth, obtain artificial arable layer, artificial
Arable layer dry density scope is 1.2～1.3g/cm3, cladding thickness is 24～25cm.
9. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that described covering
During loess, carry out with Tian Weiyi the construction cell of lattice divided in step 41, according to per car soil before earthing
Transporter gauge calculate bicycle earthing area, grid is marked with white lime in face, field, makes each side
Grid area and bicycle earthing area equation, accomplish that each grid just uses a car soil.
10. the method for designing of land engineering as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described step
In rapid 4, if treating that long-term cropping is aquatic crops, then also include after step 47: plough artificial
Pour water as layer, pull an oar and flatten, obtain layer of pulling an oar.
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| CN107710940A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-23 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | One kind cultivates the organic reconstructing method of soil body when causing paddy field |
| CN107736100A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-27 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | A kind of fast and effective construction method for forming farming plough sole |
| CN109257987A (en) * | 2018-08-19 | 2019-01-25 | 盐城师范学院 | Arid and semi-arid lands salt-soda soil dry type desalination and efficient technique of rainwater utilization scheme |
| CN112425304A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-02 | 宁波圣捷喷雾泵有限公司 | Method for planting crops in desert |
| CN114418040A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-04-29 | 山东鹤鹏技术有限公司 | Method and system for monitoring and early warning of landscaping maintenance |
| CN115316066A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-11 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for comprehensively renovating water and soil resources of channels in loess hilly gully region |
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