CN1058970C - 二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯 - Google Patents

二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯 Download PDF

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CN1058970C
CN1058970C CN98101591A CN98101591A CN1058970C CN 1058970 C CN1058970 C CN 1058970C CN 98101591 A CN98101591 A CN 98101591A CN 98101591 A CN98101591 A CN 98101591A CN 1058970 C CN1058970 C CN 1058970C
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halopropyl
dihalo
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propyl group
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欧育湘
高富业
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型卤代烷基磷酸酯,具体地说是一种二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯,其结构式如下:X代表卤素。其合成方法:采用新戊二醇与三卤化磷反应,再加入卤素继续反应,然后加入催化剂Lewis酸,升温40~80℃时,开始加入稍过量的环氧氯丙烷。该成品是一种阻燃剂,特别适合于聚氨酯软泡的阻燃,与不含阻燃剂的相比,LOI值增加7~8个百分点,燃烧速率降低到0.52mm/s,机械性能与未阻燃产品基本接近。

Description

二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯
本发明涉及一种新型卤代烷基磷酸酯,具体地说是一种二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯。
目前常用于阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的卤代磷酸酯类阻燃剂有:三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯及三(1-氯-2丙基)磷酸酯等,所含的卤族阻燃元素中只有氯,其理论氯的含量分别为37.25%、49.38%及33.0%,它们的阻燃效率仍不够理想,有时引起软泡“焦化”,对软泡机械性能的不利影响也仍需降低。
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型卤代烷基磷酸酯,同时含有两种阻燃卤素,卤素总含量达50%以上,阻燃效率有所提高,不引起软泡“焦化”,对软泡机械性能影响小,且通过了Ames试验。
本发明的目的是通过以下方案实现的。
一种二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯,其结构式为:
Figure C9810159100031
X代表卤素。其合成方法:在反应器中,加入定量的三卤化磷,冷却到-10~10℃,加入新戊二醇溶于二氯甲烷形成的溶液,加料毕,升温至20~60℃,反应1-4h,再加入等摩尔量的卤素,同时控制反应温度在-10~10℃,再反应3~8h,然后加入催化剂Lewis酸,再升温40~80℃时,开始加入稍过量的环氧氯丙烷,反应完毕后,原液经碱洗、水洗至中性,减压蒸馏、干燥即得成品。该产品是一种阻燃剂,特别适用于聚氨酯软泡的阻燃剂。
本发明提供的二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯阻燃剂,同时含有(溴及氯)两种阻燃卤素,两者总含量达50%以上,没有致癌效应。在实际使用时,添加量为多元醇的12~15%时,与不含阻燃剂的聚氨酯软泡相比,不引起软泡“焦化”,LOI值增加7~8个百分点,燃烧速率由1.62mm/s,降低到0.52mm/s,机械性能与未加阻燃剂的产品基本接近。阻燃剂性能指际如下:酸度:0.20mg KOH/g,密度:1.460g/cm(25℃).折射率:1.4812(n25D),水含量:<0.2%。
本发明具有如下附图。
图1为二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯的IR图谱。
下面结合实施例对本发明详细说明。
实施例。
在一个三口烧瓶中,加入定量的三氯化磷,冷却至-10~10℃,逐滴加入新戊二醇溶于二氯甲烷形成的溶液,加料毕,撤去冰浴,升温到20~60°C,反应1-4h,再逐滴加入等摩尔量的溴素,在液溴滴加过程中,可以通过冰浴控制反应温度在-10~10℃,再反应3-8h,然后加入催化剂量的Lewis酸,搅拌均匀。当升温至40~80℃时,开始滴加稍过量的环氧氯丙烷。反应完毕后,将反应原液经碱洗、水洗至中性,减压蒸馏、干燥即得成品。其产品为A、B、C三者的混合物,其摩尔比为:1.0∶1.5∶1.0。
Figure C9810159100041
该产品的总收率约为89%,其IR图谱如图1所示:
元素分析结果如下:
C:26.21%(25.71%)
H:4.11%(3.90%)
Br:32.03%(31.16%)
Cl:21.54%(20.74%)(括号内数值为理论值)。
性能指标如下:
酸度:0.20mg KOH/g
密度:1.460g/cm2(25℃)
折射率:1.4812(n25D)
水含量:<0.2%。
由于该产品含磷量较高,分子量较大,具有挥发性低,热稳定性高,对水和碱溶液稳定,能和大多数有机聚合物互溶等特点,因此,是一种良好阻燃剂。采用此阻燃剂时,中密度聚醚型软质泡沫塑料一步法发泡工艺的基本配方如下:
  物料   聚醚   TDI    水   硅油   胺催化剂   锡催化剂   阻燃剂
  含量   100   43.6    3.3   2.0   0.25   0.25   变量
(软泡的基本配方采用重量比,密度:29~35Kg/cm3
从上述实验中发现,在聚氨酯软泡中使用时,加工性较好,对泡沫体的物理机械性能影响较小,不易焦烧,持久性好。在使用时的阻燃性能,氧指数LOI的测定结果见下表:
添加量%     0     8     10     12     15     20
  LOI     17.5     21.0     23.0     23.50     25.5     25.0
从上表看出,由于其自身的特点,特别适合于聚氨酯软泡的阻燃。在软泡中加入多元醇的12%的这种阻燃剂,就可以使氧指数大于23,泡沫体具有明显的自熄性。当聚氨酯发泡配方中该阻燃剂含量为15%时,氧指数达到最佳值。与不含阻燃剂的聚氨酯软泡相比,LOI值增加了7~8个百分点。因此,在聚氨酯软泡中,添加多元醇的12~15%的这种阻燃剂为最佳。
为了更准确地评定实际使用条件下的着火危险性和机械性能影响情况,在这种阻燃剂添加量为多元醇的12%时,做了聚氨酯软泡的水平燃烧试验和机械性能测试,其结果如下表:
Figure C9810159100061
结果表明,阻燃聚氨酯软泡的阻燃性能和物理机械性能均为良好。

Claims (5)

1.一种二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯,其结构式为:
Figure C9810159100021
X代表卤素。
2.一种二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯的合成方法,其特征在于反应器中,加入定量的三卤化磷,冷却到-10~10℃,加入新戊二醇溶于二氯甲烷形成的溶液,加料毕,升温至20~60℃,反应1-4h,再加入等摩尔量的卤素,同时控制反应温度在-10~10℃,再反应3~8h,然后加入催化剂Lewis酸,再升温40~80℃时,开始加入稍过量的环氧氯丙烷,反应完毕后,原液经碱洗、水洗至中性,减压蒸馏、干燥即得成品。
3.一种二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯的用途,其特征在于是一种阻燃剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于特别适用于聚氨酯软泡的阻燃剂。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的用途,其特征在于在聚氨酯软泡中加入为多元醇的12%~15%的二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯。
CN98101591A 1998-04-27 1998-04-27 二(1,3-二卤-2-丙基)-2,2-二甲基-3-卤丙基磷酸酯 Expired - Fee Related CN1058970C (zh)

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CN111518133A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2020-08-11 南京聚发新材料有限公司 反应型阻燃剂、包含该阻燃剂双组份聚氨酯树脂和制备该阻燃剂的方法

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3509076A (en) * 1968-09-23 1970-04-28 Mobil Oil Corp Polymers and process for making same
US3840488A (en) * 1972-08-28 1974-10-08 Union Oil Co Latex with improved flame resistance and stability
US3943196A (en) * 1974-06-19 1976-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Alkoxy derivatives of the adduct from phosphorus oxychloride and hexamethylphosphoramide
US4086303A (en) * 1977-04-04 1978-04-25 Stauffer Chemical Company Copolycondensation products of β-haloalkyl phosphates and dialkyl phosphonates
US4152371A (en) * 1973-11-12 1979-05-01 Stauffer Chemical Company Copolycondensation products of β-haloalkyl phosphates and dialkyl phosphonates
US4225522A (en) * 1979-01-02 1980-09-30 Stauffer Chemical Company Copolycondensation products of β-haloalkyl phosphates and dialkyl phosphonates

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3509076A (en) * 1968-09-23 1970-04-28 Mobil Oil Corp Polymers and process for making same
US3840488A (en) * 1972-08-28 1974-10-08 Union Oil Co Latex with improved flame resistance and stability
US4152371A (en) * 1973-11-12 1979-05-01 Stauffer Chemical Company Copolycondensation products of β-haloalkyl phosphates and dialkyl phosphonates
US3943196A (en) * 1974-06-19 1976-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Alkoxy derivatives of the adduct from phosphorus oxychloride and hexamethylphosphoramide
US4086303A (en) * 1977-04-04 1978-04-25 Stauffer Chemical Company Copolycondensation products of β-haloalkyl phosphates and dialkyl phosphonates
US4225522A (en) * 1979-01-02 1980-09-30 Stauffer Chemical Company Copolycondensation products of β-haloalkyl phosphates and dialkyl phosphonates

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