CN105882379A - 传动系以及用于运行传动系的方法 - Google Patents

传动系以及用于运行传动系的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105882379A
CN105882379A CN201610079789.3A CN201610079789A CN105882379A CN 105882379 A CN105882379 A CN 105882379A CN 201610079789 A CN201610079789 A CN 201610079789A CN 105882379 A CN105882379 A CN 105882379A
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electric machine
combustion engine
power
power train
motor vehicle
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CN201610079789.3A
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CN105882379B (zh
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I·施塔赫
L·施皮格尔
H·施拉格
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/905—Combustion engine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906—Motor or generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

提供一种用于驱动机动车辆的传动系(10)，具有：一个燃烧发动机(12)；一个机动车辆变速器(16)，其可经由一个轴单元(14)而联接到发动机上，该轴单元用于在变速器与发动机之间传递转矩；一个保留容积(18)，被提供在发动机与变速器之间并且被轴单元贯穿，以用于使一个高压电动机器定位，该高压电动机器用于为该机动车辆提供纯电力驱动；以及一个低压电动机器(32)，被安排在该保留容积中，用于将电动产生的辅助转矩施加给变速器。作为实际上被提供用于高压电动机器的保留容积被低压电动机器使用的结果，可以至少受限程度地获得混合动力功能，其结果是使被配置用于混合动力车辆的成本效益的传动系(10)成为可能。

Description

传动系以及用于运行传动系的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种传动系并且涉及一种运行传动系的方法，机动车辆可以借助于该传动系来驱动。
背景技术
DE 102 46 839 A1披露了一种用于混合动力车辆的传动系，在该传动系中，为该混合动力车辆提供纯电力驱动的电动机器可以被联接至该机动车辆变速器的变速器输入轴，该变速器输入轴位于扭振减振器(连接至内燃发动机的曲轴)与机动车辆变速器之间。
存在对配置用于混合动力车辆的传动系的有成本效益的制造的持续需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是表明使配置用于混合动力车辆的有成本效益的传动系成为可能的多项措施。
根据本发明，该问题的解决方案是通过具有下述1的特征的一种传动系以及具有下述9的特征的一种方法来提供的。下述2-8和以下说明指明了本发明的优选改进，这些优选改进可以各自单独地或组合地构成本发明的一个方面。
1.一种用于驱动机动车辆的传动系，该传动系具有
一个燃烧发动机(12)，该燃烧发动机用于为该机动车辆提供纯机械驱动，
用于改变转速的一个机动车辆变速器(16)，其中该机动车辆变速器(16)能够经由一个轴单元(14)而联接到该燃烧发动机(12)上，该轴单元用于在该机动车辆变速器(16)与该燃烧发动机(12)之间传递转矩，
一个保留容积(18)，该保留容积被提供在该燃烧发动机(12)与该机动车辆变速器(16)之间并且被该轴单元(14)贯穿，以用于将一个高压电动机器定位，该高压电动机器用于为该机动车辆提供纯电力驱动，以及
一个低压电动机器(32)，该低压电动机器被安排在该保留容积中，用于将电动产生的辅助转矩施加给该机动车辆变速器(16)。
2.如上述1所述的传动系，其中该低压电动机器(32)具有低于一个直接接触限值的额定工作电压U，尤其是U<60V。
3.如上述1和2之一所述的传动系，其中该保留容积(18)在轴向方向上在该发动机侧或该变速器侧上由一个扭振减振器(22)界定，该扭振减振器用于减弱该燃烧发动机(12)所产生的转矩的扭转不规则性。
4.如上述1至3之一所述的传动系，其中该保留容积(18)在径向方向上由一个离合器壳(20)界定，该离合器壳被附接到该燃烧发动机(12)和该机动车辆变速器(16)上。
5.如上述1至4之一所述的传动系，其中该低压电动机器(32)被实施为一个三相电流机器。
6.如上述5所述的传动系，其中多个功率电子装置被安排在该保留容积(18)中，这些功率电子装置被指配给实施为三相电流机器的该低压电动机器(32)。
7.如上述1至6之一所述的传动系，其中该低压电动机器(32)被电连接至一个机动车辆蓄电池，以便还可获得车载功率系统电压。
8.如上述1至7之一所述的传动系，其中该燃烧发动机(12)能够借助于一个可切换的断开元件与该传动系解除联接。
9.一种用于运行如上述1至8之一所述的传动系(10)的方法，其中该低压电动机器(32)用于在低于该燃烧发动机(12)的额定最大功率的功率范围中为该机动车辆提供纯电力驱动和/或用于启动、还用于冷启动该燃烧发动机(12)。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于驱动机动车辆的传动系，该传动系具有：为该机动车辆提供纯机械驱动的一个燃烧发动机；用于改变转速的一个机动车辆变速器，其中该机动车辆变速器可以经由一个轴单元而联接到该燃烧发动机上，该轴单元用于在该机动车辆变速器与该燃烧发动机之间传递转矩；一个保留容积，该保留容积被提供在该燃烧发动机与该机动车辆变速器之间并且被该轴单元贯穿，以用于使一个高压电动机器定位，该高压电动机器为该机动车辆提供纯电力驱动；以及一个低压电动机器，该低压电动机器被安排在该保留容积中，用于将电动产生的辅助转矩施加给该机动车辆变速器。
该传动系的保留容积被配置为提供一个高压电动机器，该高压电动机器经由对应大小的功率电子装置连接至高压牵引用蓄电池，其结果是该传动系可以基本上用于混合动力车辆，其中，甚至在纯电力方式中也可以通过该高压电动机器来获得既定的发动机功率。这种传动系还可以用在没有配置为混合动力车辆的机动车辆中，在这种情况下可以省去高压电动机器、离合器、高压牵引用蓄电池和关联的高压功率电子装置，这样减少了成本。在此背景下，同一个传动系可以广泛用于带有和不带有混合动力功能的不同机动车辆车型，因为该高压电动机器取决于机动车型而被定位在该保留容积中或者不被定位在该保留容积中。由此增加了共用于不同车型的相同零件的数量，其结果是通过大规模生产可以更加成本效益地制造传动系。
在混合动力车辆的情况下，该保留容积基本上由该高压电动机器和该离合器占据。相反，在没有配置为混合动力车辆的机动车辆的情况下，该保留容积除了轴或轴单元之外基本上是空的或未使用的。
然而，在本发明对传动系的改进中，没有将该保留容积保持为空的或未使用的，而是基本上将其提供用于该低压电动机器。定位在未被高压电动机器使用的保留容积中的低压电动机器基本上不需要为此目的的额外安装空间。该低压电动机器尤其可以获得与被提供用于为机动车辆供应纯电力驱动的该高压电动机器相比显著降低的最大额定功率，其结果是可以更加有成本效益地制造低压电动机器。此外，可以提供大小被确定用于相对较低功率的多个功率电子装置以及给定了更小尺寸的一个蓄电池，其结果是，与高压电动机器相比可以减少成本。与此同时，该低压电动机器可以将功率输出给机动车辆变速器，例如以便能够获得用于功率峰值的突发请求的额外转矩(“转矩提升”)。同样，可以由该低压电动机器对将以纯电力方式驱动的机动车辆给予足够低的所需功率，其结果是，该机动车辆可以被至少受限程度地电力驱动而无需昂贵的高压部件。这样准许了将一种有成本效益的“混合式进入”类型作为被配置为成套系统的传动系中的另一个选项。通过将实际上被提供用于高压电动机器的保留容积用于低压电动机器，可以至少受限程度地获得有成本效益的混合动力功能，其结果是使被配置用于混合动力车辆的有成本效益的传动系成为可能。
在使用低压电动机器的情况下，该轴单元可以被连接至机动车辆变速器的变速器输入轴或者可以被实施为与机动车辆变速器的变速器输入轴成一件式。该燃烧发动机尤其被配置为内燃发动机。该轴单元可以是一个隔离元件(尤其是离合器)，该燃烧发动机(尤其是该燃烧发动机的被配置为曲轴的电机轴)可以经由该隔离元件而连接至该轴单元用以传递转矩。该轴单元的一部分可以通过断开元件(例如经由扭振减振器)而连接至该机动车辆发动机，而该低压电动机器借助于该轴单元的其他部分来连接以便以纯电力方式驱动机动车辆和/或回收制动能量。该传动系尤其被配置为并行式混合动力。该轴单元被特别优选地配置为可单独移除，其结果在该轴单元的移除状态下，基本上可以将该燃烧发动机连接至该机动车辆变速器而无需直接连接低压电动机器，并且在此过程中省去了该保留容积。作为结果，可以在与用于其他设计的成套的方式下容易地使用该传动系。该低压电动机器可以连接至被配置用于该低压电动机器的多个功率电子装置，其中，这些电子功率装置可以完全或部分地安排在该保留容积中或在该保留容积之外。
该低压电动机器优选地具有低于直接接触限值的额定工作电压U。这尤其准许使用常规部件和工具以及使用惯常的车间工作人员，即它准许避免了在材料和工作人员方面的昂贵且高成本的高压相关措施。可以假定这种直接接触限值，例如给出了额定工作电压U<60V，其中在此稍微更高或稍微更低的值也是可以的。然而低压电动机器在任何情况下都比12V的起动电动机更强劲。与此同时，低压电动机器的电压低至足以有成本效益的供能和/或使有成本效益的功率电子装置成为可能。
该保留容积特别优选地在轴向方向上在该发动机侧或该变速器侧上由扭振减振器界定，该扭振减振器用于减弱该燃烧发动机所产生的转矩的扭转不规则性。该扭振减振器可以具有例如一个飞轮，该飞轮在轴向方向上界定该保留容积。当该扭振减振器在轴向方向上被安排在该发动机侧上时，该保留容积可以在轴向方向上在该变速器侧上由该机动车辆变速器的罩盖或变矩器界定。
该保留容积优选地在径向方向由一个离合器壳界定，该离合器壳被附接到该燃烧发动机和该机动车辆变速器上。该低压电动机器可以尤其具有一个定子，该定子可以连接至该离合器壳，同时该低压电动机器的一个转子可以直接或间接地连接至该变速器输入轴。
该低压电动机器尤其被电连接至机动车辆蓄电池以便获得必要的电压。作为结果，该低压电动机器可以由该机动车辆蓄电池馈电，该蓄电池(例如48V的电池)已经存在而用于给该机动车辆的另外的部件供能，使之不需要在该机动车辆中单独提供用于该低压电动机器的牵引用蓄电池。
该燃烧发动机优选地能够经由一个可切换的断开元件而与该机动车辆变速器联接。作为结果，该燃烧发动机可以容易地与该轴单元解除联接，其结果是该燃烧发动机不造成任何不必要的阻力矩。与此同时，这使机动车辆的纯电力驱动成为可能。
本发明还涉及一种用于运行可以如上所述来实施和发展的传动系的方法，其中，该低压电动机器用于在低于该燃烧发动机的最大额定功率的功率范围中为该机动车辆提供纯电力驱动和/或用于启动、并且用于冷启动该燃烧发动机。通过将实际上被提供用于高压电动机器的保留容积用于低压电动机器，可以至少受限程度地获得有成本效益的混合动力功能和/或冷启动功能，其结果是使被配置用于混合动力车辆的成本效益的传动系成为可能。
附图说明
还在下文中参考附图并且通过多个优选的示例性实施例以举例方式来解释本发明，其中下文呈现的这些特征可以单独地或者组合地构成本发明的一个方面。在这些附图中：
图1：示出了传动系的示意性部分截面侧视图，
图2：示出了图1的传动系的第一实施例的示意性框图，并且
图3：示出了图1的传动系的第二实施例的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
图1中所展示的传动系10具有燃烧发动机12，该燃烧发动机被配置为内燃发动机并且可以经由轴单元14联接至机动车辆变速器16。轴单元14延伸穿过保留容积18，在传动系10用于混合动力车辆的情况下，在该保留容积中提供了高压电动机器。
保留容积18在外部在径向上由离合器壳20界定。在轴向方向上，保留容积18在该发动机侧由扭振减振器22界定并且在该变速器侧由机动车辆变速器16的罩盖界定。
如图2中示意性展示的，起动机28和低压电动机器32使用该保留容积18。燃烧发动机12可以借助于断开元件34而与轴单元14断开连接，其结果是在相应低的所需功率情况下，该机动车辆可以由低压电动机器32纯电力驱动而无需克服燃烧发动机12的阻力矩。如图3中所展示的，起动机28还可以被定位在保留容积18之外并且例如可以接合在该燃烧发动机12背离机动车辆变速器16的一侧上。在任何情况下，起动机28都与起动机齿圈30啮合。还可以使用低压电动机器32来起动燃烧发动机12，使之有可能省去起动机28。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于驱动机动车辆的传动系，该传动系具有
一个燃烧发动机(12)，该燃烧发动机用于为该机动车辆提供纯机械驱动，
用于改变转速的一个机动车辆变速器(16)，其中该机动车辆变速器(16)能够经由一个轴单元(14)而联接到该燃烧发动机(12)上，该轴单元用于在该机动车辆变速器(16)与该燃烧发动机(12)之间传递转矩，
一个保留容积(18)，该保留容积被提供在该燃烧发动机(12)与该机动车辆变速器(16)之间并且被该轴单元(14)贯穿，以用于将一个高压电动机器定位，该高压电动机器用于为该机动车辆提供纯电力驱动，以及
一个低压电动机器(32)，该低压电动机器被安排在该保留容积中，用于将电动产生的辅助转矩施加给该机动车辆变速器(16)。
2.如权利要求1所述的传动系，其特征在于，该低压电动机器(32)具有低于一个直接接触限值的额定工作电压U，尤其是U<60V。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的传动系，其特征在于，该保留容积(18)在轴向方向上在该发动机侧或该变速器侧上由一个扭振减振器(22)界定，该扭振减振器用于减弱该燃烧发动机(12)所产生的转矩的扭转不规则性。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的传动系，其特征在于，该保留容积(18)在径向方向上由一个离合器壳(20)界定，该离合器壳被附接到该燃烧发动机(12)和该机动车辆变速器(16)上。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的传动系，其特征在于，该低压电动机器(32)被实施为一个三相电流机器。
6.如权利要求5所述的传动系，其特征在于，多个功率电子装置被安排在该保留容积(18)中，这些功率电子装置被指配给实施为三相电流机器的该低压电动机器(32)。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的传动系，其特征在于，该低压电动机器(32)被电连接至一个机动车辆蓄电池，以便还可获得车载功率系统电压。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的传动系，其特征在于，该燃烧发动机(12)能够借助于一个可切换的断开元件与该传动系解除联接。
9.一种用于运行如权利要求1至8之一所述的传动系(10)的方法，其中该低压电动机器(32)用于在低于该燃烧发动机(12)的额定最大功率的功率范围中为该机动车辆提供纯电力驱动和/或用于启动、还用于冷启动该燃烧发动机(12)。
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