CN115884892A - 驱动单元和驱动组件 - Google Patents

驱动单元和驱动组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115884892A
CN115884892A CN202180052853.8A CN202180052853A CN115884892A CN 115884892 A CN115884892 A CN 115884892A CN 202180052853 A CN202180052853 A CN 202180052853A CN 115884892 A CN115884892 A CN 115884892A
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China
Prior art keywords
electric rotating
rotating machine
drive unit
rotor
drive
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Pending
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CN202180052853.8A
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English (en)
Inventor
亚历山大·福伊特
斯特芬·莱曼
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Publication of CN115884892A publication Critical patent/CN115884892A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

本发明涉及一种供可电力驱动的机动车辆、特别是混合动力机动车辆的传动系所用的驱动单元，并且涉及一种驱动组件。该驱动单元(1)被设计成用于可电力驱动的机动车辆的传动系，并且包括被设计成用于发电机操作的第一电动旋转机器(20)和被设计成用于驱动马达操作的第二电动旋转机器(30)，以及变速器(40)。第一电动旋转机器(20)的转子(21)被设计成用于与内燃发动机(70)的输出元件(71)直接机械联接，并且第二电动旋转机器(30)的转子(31)在旋转方面联接至或可以在旋转方面联接至变速器(40)的输入部(41)，其中，在第一电动旋转机器(20)与变速器(40)之间不提供扭矩传递连接。

Description

驱动单元和驱动组件
技术领域
本发明涉及供可电力驱动的机动车辆、特别是混合动力机动车辆的传动系所用的驱动单元，并且涉及驱动组件。
背景技术
从本领域的背景中已知各种驱动单元，其结合到驱动组件或传动系中并且使用内燃发动机和两个电机。这种类型的对应构造例如从US2016/0218584A1中已知。
DE 11 2015 006 071 T5公开了一种混合动力车辆驱动系统，该混合动力车辆驱动系统具有：能够利用内燃发动机的动力来产生电能的发电机；由电能驱动以驱动车轮的电动马达；容纳发电机和电动马达的壳体；以及用于控制发电机和电动马达的动力控制单元。发电机和电动马达并排布置在壳体中的同一轴线上。
WO 2019 101 264A1公开了一种用于混合动力机动车辆的传动系。该传动系包括变速器输入轴，该变速器输入轴经由第一子传动系以可操作的方式连接至第一电机和内燃发动机以便传递扭矩，并且经由第二子传动系以可操作的方式连接至第二电机以便传递扭矩。两个电机彼此同轴且轴向相邻地布置。
EP 1502791 B1和EP1847411 B1各自公开了一种供具有多个电动旋转机器的混合动力车辆所用的混合动力变速器。电机布置成径向地嵌入彼此内部。在这种情况下，径向外部电动旋转机器被设计为外部转子。
例如，从DE 10 19 132 941中也已知一种机动车辆驱动系统。本申请涉及一种供可电力驱动的机动车辆、特别是混合动力车辆的传动系所用的驱动单元，该驱动单元包括第一电动旋转机器和第二电动旋转机器以及第一轴和第二轴，其中，第一电动旋转机器的转子以在旋转方面固定的方式连接至第一轴，并且第二电动旋转机器的转子以在旋转方面固定的方式连接至第二轴，并且其中，驱动单元还具有分离式离合器，第一电动旋转机器的转子可以与该分离式离合器连接，或者该分离式离合器连接至第二轴以用于传递扭矩。
尼桑公司提出了一种“e-POWER”构型，在该“e-POWER”构型中，在内燃发动机与从动轮之间使用发电机和电动马达。
对于先前提出的具有两个电动旋转机器的混合动力驱动器，通常可以将内燃发动机的输出部机械地联接至配备有混合动力变速器的车辆的驱动器、例如联接至驱动轴。在许多设计中都使用分离式离合器。
该实施方式特别是对于配备成用于以超过130km/h的速度连续驾驶操作的车辆而言所具有的优点在于，可以实现驱动单元的并联操作，或者甚至可以实现纯粹由内燃发动机驱动的车辆驱动器，因为电力驱动的效率通常随着速度增加而降低。
然而，将具有若干个电动旋转机器的驱动单元结合到意在用于混合动力机动车辆的驱动组件中受到严格的安装空间要求。
轴向特别短的驱动组件是有利的，特别是当这样的驱动单元用于机动车辆中所谓的前横向布置中时是有利的，在前横向布置中，电动旋转机器和内燃发动机用作前驱动器，并且电动旋转机器和内燃发动机各自的旋转轴线布置成横向于机动车辆的纵向方向。
发明内容
在此基础上，本发明的目的是提供一种驱动单元和配备有该驱动单元的驱动组件，其以经济的设计和节省空间的方式确保最佳操作。
该目的通过根据本发明的根据权利要求1的驱动单元来实现。驱动单元的有利实施方式在从属权利要求2至9中列举出。另外，提供了一种根据权利要求10所述的具有驱动单元的驱动组件。
权利要求的特征可以以任何技术上有用的方式组合，其中，包括本发明的补充实施方式的以下描述的说明以及来自附图的特征也可以被查阅以用于此目的。
关于本发明，术语“轴向”和“径向”总是指驱动单元的电动旋转机器的旋转轴线。
本发明涉及一种供可电动驱动的机动车辆的传动系所用的驱动单元，该驱动单元包括被设计成用于发电机操作的第一电动旋转机器、和被设计成用于驱动马达操作的第二电动旋转机器、以及变速器，其中，第一电动旋转机器的转子被设计成用于直接机械联接至内燃发动机的输出元件。第二电动旋转机器的转子以在旋转方面固定的方式联接至或可以联接至变速器的输入部。在第一电动旋转机器与变速器之间没有扭矩传递的连接。
驱动单元可以被表征为所谓的混合动力变速器。
这意味着驱动单元构造成仅在第一电机与内燃发动机之间建立直接机械的、扭矩锁定的并且特别长期的连接例如固定的螺纹连接，或者该驱动单元构造成实现扭矩传递路径。在这种情况下，如果在第一电动旋转机器或第一电动旋转机器的转子与内燃发动机或内燃发动机的输出侧之间布置有可以对待传递的扭矩或旋转速度的大小没有影响的机器元件，则无关紧要。
从电动旋转机器和/或从内燃发动机至变速器的扭矩传递在设计上被排除。
利用内燃发动机，通过从内燃发动机供应扭矩，第一电动旋转机器可以在发电机模式下操作。由此产生的电能可以直接地或通过电池中的临时存储器被提供给第二电动旋转机器，以便推进车辆，其中，第二电动旋转机器的转子的旋转借助于变速器进行加速或减速，并且以这种方式，可以驱动配备有驱动单元的机动车辆的驱动轮。
在第一电动旋转机器与变速器之间或在内燃发动机与变速器之间不存在离合器和传递任何扭矩的其他元件，这一事实导致了关于安装空间和生产所需的单个部件及其装配的复杂性的优势。
在一个特定实施方式中，整个驱动单元可以在没有离合器的情况下实现。
因此，可以实现混合动力车辆传动系的特别紧凑的设计。
第一电动旋转机器的定子牢固地连接至驱动单元的壳体，并且也由所述壳体部分地形成。
内燃发动机有利地借助于驱动轴与被设计为发电机的第一电动旋转机器进行扭矩锁定连接，其中，特别设置的是，内燃发动机与第一电动旋转机器之间不存在齿轮比。
因此，用于串联式车辆的双电机变速器设置有彼此特别同轴布置的两个电动旋转机器，其中，两个电动旋转机器中的一个电动旋转机器被设计为发电机，并且另一电动旋转机器被设计为驱动机器。内燃发动机不与车辆车轮联接，使得省去了作为用于接合离合器的致动单元的其他惯常离合器的布置。
特别地，第一电动旋转机器可以被设计为内部转子机器。
在替代实施方式中，第一电动旋转机器被设计为外部转子机器。
在两个实施方式中有利地设置的是，第一电动旋转机器的转子直接地联接至、特别是螺栓联接至内燃发动机的曲轴。
替代性地或附加地，可以设置的是，第二电动旋转机器被设计为内部转子机器或被设计为外部转子机器。
当相对低的质量惯性矩足以减少内燃发动机中的旋转不规则性或扭矩波动时，特别考虑第一电动旋转机器的转子作为内部转子的实施方式。
两个电动旋转机器中的一个电动旋转机器可以至少部分径向地以及轴向地布置在由另一相应的电动旋转机器所径向地界定的区域内。这导致了轴向特别紧凑的实施方式。
为了使用尽可能多的相同部件，当第一电动旋转机器具有被设计为内部转子的转子，并且第二电动旋转机器具有同样被设计为内部转子的转子时，是有利的。替代性地，这两个转子还可以都被设计为外部转子。
第一电动旋转机器的转子可以有利地被设计为用于操作内燃发动机的飞轮。
因此，在这种情况下，第一电机的转子的质量惯性矩可以用于操作内燃发动机。由此，可以减少内燃发动机中的旋转不规则性或扭矩波动。当第一电动旋转机器的转子被实现为外部转子并且具有相应大的质量惯性矩时，特别考虑该实施方式。
此外，第一电动旋转机器的转子的质量惯性矩可以特别是在启动内燃发动机时使用。
电动旋转机器的转子的旋转轴线可以平行于轴线或同轴地布置。
在一个特定实施方式中，设置的是，电动旋转机器的转子的旋转轴线同轴地布置。
在驱动单元的另一有利的实施方式中，设置的是，第一电动旋转机器布置在与变速器于空间上分开的发电机室中。
该发电机室具有的优点是，发电机室可以基本上独立于变速器或第二电动旋转机器而是温度控制的。特别地，当第一电动旋转机器通过油冷却或水冷却实现时，可以提供至少部分地填充有例如油或水的介质的发电机室。
在替代实施方式中，发电机室也可以被设计为干燥空间。当第一电动旋转机器配备有经水冷却的定子并且因此不需要额外的冷却时，这是特别可能的。该实施方式具有的优点是，在发电机室中不会发生泄漏，并且因此也不会由于介质的必要分布而产生压力损失，这与效率的提高相关联。变速器可以布置在齿轮室中，其中，特别是第二电动旋转机器可以同样地安置在齿轮室中。
此外，第二电动旋转机器也可以与变速器在空间上分开。
在干燥空间中布置相应的电动旋转机器也关于组件而具有优点，因为很少需要或不需要采取措施将其与变速器密封开。
有利地，变速器包括第一传动比级以及与第一传动比级联接的第二传动比级。
传动比级特别地基于齿轮对来设计，齿轮对也可以被设计为行星齿轮单元或周转齿轮装置的部件。
在替代实施方式中，变速器也可以仅具有一个传动比级或多于两个的传动比级。
然而，也可以使用传动比级来实现减速。
此外，变速器可以具有差速齿轮，该差速齿轮以扭矩锁定的方式联接至第二传动比级。差速齿轮的输出元件可以是驱动轴，并且还可以是配备有驱动单元的机动车辆的驱动元件。
第一传动比级的输出轮和第二传动比级的驱动轮可以布置在变速器的中间轴上，使得可以实现特别低磨损的扭矩传递。
为了提高驱动单元的效率，第一电动旋转机器和/或第二电动旋转机器可以构造成用于借助于流体冷却。
特别地，可以提供油或水冷却或其组合。利用第二电动旋转机器的纯水冷却，将其与充油齿轮室密封开是有利的。
特别是对于具有大量电力驱动和极少发电机操作的车辆而言，两个电动旋转机器的单独冷却具有的优点是，当第一电动旋转机器不被用作发电机时，其冷却操作可以被关闭或减少，以使能量损失最小化。
为了实现不同的操作模式，两个电动旋转机器可以彼此导电连接或借助于电存储元件彼此连接。
在另一实施方式中，两个电动旋转机器也可以经由电力电子设备彼此间接地电联接。
在首先提及的实施方式中，相应地，在两个电动旋转机器之间存在直接电连接，使得在发电机操作期间由第一电动旋转机器产生的电能可以可选地经由电力电子设备来提供给第二电动旋转机器，以便实现马达操作。
以这种方式，不需要经存储的电能来操作内燃发动机。
在其次提及的替代方案中，最初在内燃发动机的操作期间产生电能，并且该电能存储在电存储元件、比如电池中，例如从该电存储元件中可以将电能提供给第二电动旋转机器，以便在稍后的时间点实现马达操作。
通常，在这种情况下，前面提及的两种替代方案的组合操作也是可能的，即，由于第一电动旋转机器的发电机操作和电存储元件的充电而同时向第二电动旋转机器供电。另外，这使得在操作驱动单元时确保更高的效率水平的负载点能够增加或移位。
本发明的另一方面是一种具有如所述的驱动单元和内燃发动机的驱动组件，该驱动组件借助于内燃发动机的输出元件以在旋转方面固定的方式直接联接至第一电动旋转机器的转子。
因此，驱动组件被设计成使得在第一电动旋转机器与内燃发动机之间不布置离合器和减振器。
驱动组件具有的优点是，驱动组件可以关于安装空间和成本而被有利地设计，因为在内燃发动机与第一电动旋转机器之间可以省去需要更多安装空间或成本的单元、例如比方说离合器或振动阻尼器。
特别地，设置的是，在第一电动旋转机器的转子与内燃发动机之间不布置齿轮级或齿轮比和/或花键。
由于内燃发动机的输出元件、特别是内燃发动机的曲轴与变速器之间不存在关于传递由内燃发动机提供的扭矩的机械连接的事实，因此来自内燃发动机的振动旋转运动或扭矩波动也不必被阻尼，使得在内燃发动机的输出部处不需要布置扭转振动阻尼器。
因此，所描述的驱动组件能够实现驱动单元的纯串联操作，并且因此还能够实现混合动力车辆在所谓的增程模式下的操作，在该增程模式中，来自燃料的化学能被转换成电能，并被提供来驱动车辆以用于增程的目的。
特别地，如果第一电动旋转机器的转子具有足够大的质量惯性矩，则第一电动旋转机器的转子可以用作内燃发动机所用的飞轮。
所描述的驱动组件将特别有利地用于构造成用于低于130km/h的长期驱动操作的车辆。这些车辆可以容易地省去来自内燃发动机的车辆驱动，同时确保通过第二电动旋转机器来推进车辆。因此，可以省去用于将内燃发动机的输出部机械地联接至变速器或驱动轴的分离式离合器以及所需的致动单元。
当操作具有根据本发明的驱动组件的机动车辆、特别是混合动力车辆时，该驱动组件包括根据本发明所述的驱动单元和内燃发动机，例如启用以下驱动操作模式：
-电力驱动和恢复：
第二电动旋转机器作为牵引机器或发电机被致动。内燃发动机和第一电动旋转机器未操作。
-串联驱动和充电：
内燃发动机借助于第一电动旋转机器启动，其中，内燃发动机可以驱动第一电动旋转机器，并且因此，第一电动旋转机器作为发电机被致动以对机动车辆的电池进行充电。第二电动旋转机器作为牵引机器被致动。
所谓的增程模式中的驱动策略基于延长车辆的里程，这主要从车辆电池中汲取电能以用于推进，这是因为内燃发动机驱动第一电动旋转机器，并且因此机械能被转换成电能。
附图说明
下面参照示出了优选实施方式的附图针对重要的技术背景对上面描述的本发明进行详细说明。本发明绝不受纯示意性附图的限制，其中，应注意的是，附图中所示的实施方式并不限于所示的尺寸。在附图中：
图1示出了具有第一实施方式中的驱动单元的驱动组件的示意图；
图2示出了具有第二实施方式中的驱动单元的驱动组件的示意图；
图3示出了具有第二实施方式中的驱动单元的驱动组件的截面图；以及
图4示出了具有驱动单元的驱动组件的冷却系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
首先，驱动单元1和驱动组件2借助于图1和图2中的示意图进行说明。
这些图中所示的驱动单元1包括布置在壳体10中的第一电动旋转机器20和第二电动旋转机器30。
图1中所示的驱动单元1的第一电动旋转机器20被设计为外部转子机器，使得第一电动旋转机器20的转子21径向地布置在第一电动旋转机20的定子22外部。
图2中所示的驱动单元1的第一电动旋转机器20被设计为内部转子机器，使得第一电动旋转机器20的转子21径向地布置在第一电动旋转机器20的定子22内。
在图1和图2中所示的两个示例性实施方式中，第二电动旋转机器被设计为内部转子机器，使得第二电动转子机器30的转子31径向地布置在第二电动旋转机器30的定子32内。
在图1和图2中所示的两个示例性实施方式中，第一电动旋转机器20的旋转轴线23和第二电动旋转机器30的旋转轴线33同轴地布置。
为了形成驱动组件2，第一电动旋转机器20的转子21直接地联接至内燃发动机70的输出元件71。特别地，该输出元件71可以是内燃发动机70的曲轴。
这意味着内燃发动机70或其输出元件71借助于直接连接部80来联接至第一电动旋转机器20的转子21，并且因此，不改变扭矩，特别是没有离合器或变速器的中间接合，以及特别是没有带周向间隙的扭矩传递元件的中间接合。
这使得驱动单元1或驱动组件2能够以在轴向上特别节省空间的方式设计。
第二电动旋转机器30的转子31以在旋转方面固定的方式连接至轴42，该轴形成变速器40的输入部41。
这使得由第二电动旋转机器30提供的扭矩能够被传递至所示的变速器40。
该变速器40包括第一传动比级43以及第二传动比级44。第一传动比级43经由第一齿轮51在轴42上实现，并且经由与之啮合的第二齿轮52在中间轴50上实现。轴42借助于枢转轴承而安装在壳体10中。
第二传动比级44经由布置在中间轴50上的第三齿轮53以及差速齿轮60的驱动元件61来实现，该差速齿轮具有外齿部，其中，第三齿轮53的齿部与该外齿部啮合。
以这种方式，从第二电动旋转机器30提供的扭矩可以经由变速器40传递至差速齿轮60，其中，扭矩从差速齿轮供应至车轮驱动轴62。
在第一电动旋转机器20与第二电动旋转机器30之间存在电连接，其中，该电连接90有利地包括作为电存储元件的电池(此处未示出)和/或电力电子设备(此处未示出)。
驱动组件2使第一电动旋转机器20在内燃发动机70的操作期间作为发电机而被驱动成为可能，并且因此，机械能被转换成电能。该电能可以经由第二电动旋转机器30的电连接部90来提供，该电连接将电能转换成机械能，并在电动马达的操作期间产生扭矩。该扭矩可以用于推进机动车辆。
在这种情况下，没有设置的是，来自第一电动旋转机器20的扭矩由电动马达提供并用于推进机动车辆。因此，在第一电动旋转机器20与输出部之间和/或在第一旋转电动旋转机器20与内燃发动机70之间也不需要扭矩冲击的变速器元件，使得以这种方式设计的驱动组件2具有非常低的安装空间要求。
在具有电存储元件的有利设计中，由第一电动旋转机器20产生的电能可以在由第二电动旋转机器30转换成机械能之前被中间存储。
另外，这使得在操作驱动单元时确保更高的效率水平的负载点能够增加或移位。
驱动组件2能够以简单、节省空间的方式增加电动马达驱动操作的里程，其中，在内燃发动机70中转换化学能，但内燃发动机70的效率达到最佳水平。
图3以截面图示出了图2中示意图中所示的驱动单元1。
除了已经提及的与图2相关的部件或单元之外，图3示出了被设计为发电机的第一电动旋转机器20布置在发电机室100中，发电机室基本上与齿轮室45在空间上分开，变速器40的元件布置在该齿轮室中。
这使得能够对两个隔室45、100中的部件进行单独的润滑和/或冷却。
此外，图3示出了电力电子设备110，这些电力电子设备布置在驱动单元1的上侧部上并连接至壳体10。
图3中所示的驱动单元的其他部件包括驻车锁111、以及油收集容器112和用于电动旋转机器20、30的电连接的高压端子113。
图4以示意方式示出了用于冷却和润滑驱动单元1的选项。该图示出了冷却剂入口120，该冷却剂入口构造成将冷却剂从冷却元件供应至电力电子设备，并且因此也供应至变速器。
从冷却剂入口，冷却剂到达分配给第二电动旋转机器的定子的第二冷却剂回路122，并且然后经由溢流区域124到达分配给第一电动旋转机器的定子的第一冷却剂回路121。
然后，冷却剂可以经由冷却剂出口123返回至外部冷却元件。
润滑由油收集元件130实现，除其他外，由差速齿轮80甩出的油从该油收集元件中收集。从油收集元件，油可以借助于油分配元件131、特别是轴来返回至回油部132，通过该回油部将油输送至贮槽。
来自油收集元件的油有利地经由油分配元件供应至所有必要位置(例如，轴承/齿部)以用于润滑。
在此提出的驱动单元和驱动组件能够以经济的设计和节省空间的方式实现最佳操作。
附图标记列表
1驱动单元
2驱动组件
10 壳体
20 第一电动旋转机器
21第一电动旋转机器的转子
22第一电动旋转机器的定子
23第一电动旋转机器的旋转轴线
30第二电动旋转机器
31第二电动旋转机器的转子
32第二电动旋转机器的定子
33第二电动旋转机器的旋转轴线
40 变速器
41 变速器输入部
42 轴
43 第一传动比级
44 第二传动比级
45 齿轮室
50 中间轴
51 第一齿轮
52 第二齿轮
53 第三齿轮
60 差速齿轮
61 差速齿轮的驱动元件
62 车轮驱动轴
70 内燃发动机
71 内燃发动机的输出元件
80 直接连接部
90 电连接部
100 发电机室
110 电力电子设备
111 驻车锁
112 油收集容器
113 高压端子
120 冷却剂入口
121 第一冷却剂回路
122 第二冷却剂回路
123 冷却剂出口
124 溢流区域
130 油收集元件
131 油分配元件
132 至贮槽的回油部

Claims (10)

1.一种供可电力驱动行驶的机动车辆的传动系所用的驱动单元(1)，所述驱动单元包括被设计成用于发电机操作的第一电动旋转机器(20)和被设计成用于驱动马达操作的第二电动旋转机器(30)，以及变速器(40)，其中，所述第一电动旋转机器(20)的转子(21)被设计成用于直接机械联接至内燃发动机(70)的输出元件(71)，并且所述第二电动旋转机器(30)的转子(31)以在旋转方面固定的方式联接至或能够联接至所述变速器(40)的输入部(41)，其特征在于，所述第一电动旋转机器(20)与所述变速器(40)之间不存在扭矩传递连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述第一电动旋转机器(20)被设计为内部转子机器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述第一电动旋转机器(20)被设计为外部转子机器。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述第一电动旋转机器(20)的所述转子(21)被设计为用于操作所述内燃发动机(70)的飞轮。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述电动旋转机器(20、30)的所述转子(21、31)的旋转轴线(23、33)平行于轴线布置或同轴地布置。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述第一电动旋转机器(20)布置在发电机室(100)中，所述发电机室与所述变速器(40)在空间上分开。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述变速器(40)包括至少一个或更多个传动比级。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述第一电动旋转机器和/或所述第二电动旋转机器(30)构造成用于借助于流体进行冷却。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，两个所述电动旋转机器(20、30)以导电方式直接连接至彼此或经由电力电子设备连接至彼此，或者借助于电存储元件连接至彼此。
10.一种驱动组件(2)，所述驱动组件具有根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的驱动单元(1)并且具有内燃发动机(70)，所述内燃发动机借助于所述内燃发动机(70)的输出元件(71)以在旋转方面固定的方式与所述第一电动旋转机器(20)的所述转子(21)直接联接。
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