CN105870230A - 一种太阳能电池组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种太阳能电池组件,包括太阳能电池,还包括背板、透明玻璃板和隔水层,所述背板和透明玻璃板分别设置在太阳能电池的底部和顶部,而隔水层位于背板和透明玻璃板之间,并围绕太阳能电池的四周设置,其中背板包括依次层叠的外耐候层、水汽阻挡层、氧气阻挡层、基底层以及内耐候层。该太阳能电池组件的对水汽和氧气的阻挡性强,能够延长太阳能电池的使用寿命,提高太阳能电池的输出功率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池的技术领域,特别是涉及一种太阳能电池组件。
背景技术
太阳能作为一种取之不尽用之不竭的洁净能源,有着广泛的应用,由于太阳能电池组件长期暴露在大气中,要经受水汽,氧气,紫外线等外界各种环境因素的侵蚀,如不能有效抵抗这些坏境因素,会缩短太阳能电池的使用寿命,而太阳能电池组件的主要作用就是保护太阳能电池不受这些环境因素的侵蚀,因此,对太阳能电池组件的封装材料、表面板以及背板的材料的阻挡性要求比较高。目前采用较为普遍的背板材料主要有TPT结构,也就是采用两层杜邦公司研发生产的Tedlar薄膜为耐候层包覆中间一层PET聚酯薄膜复合而成;TPE结构,该结构的其中一面是PVF薄膜耐候层,另一面是EVA乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚薄膜阻隔层,中间层是PET聚酯薄膜层;KPK结构,此结构是两边采用法国阿科玛公司研发生产的Kynar膜,即PVDF聚偏氟二乙烯膜层为耐候层,中间包覆层是PET聚酯薄膜层;BBF结构,这是3M公司自行研发的一种背板结构,该结构中间层也是PET聚酯薄膜层,其中PET层的一侧是EVA乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚薄膜,另一侧是THV(四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物)。这四种复合膜是目前被认为最为理想的太阳能背板结构材料。而且现阶段国内外太阳能电池背板厂家基本都是采用这四种复合膜来做太阳能电池的衬底材料的。
但是由于PET聚酯分子链比较柔顺,其在堆积过程中为避免原子间的排斥力,容易发生相对运动,使得在堆积体中出现较多空间,氧气、水汽等小分子容易溶解在PET中,因此PET聚酯只是一种中等阻挡性材料,对水汽和氧气的阻挡性相对有限,这也导致整个背板的阻挡性能受到影响,不利于长期使用。同时针对太阳能电池组件的封装材料以及表面板的阻水性能鲜有研究。所以,开发一种高阻挡性太阳能组件有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的,在于提供一种太阳能电池组件,该太阳能电池组件结构独特,水汽、氧气阻挡性较好,机械性能优良,符合太阳电池组件的基本要求,可延长太阳能电池的使用寿命,增强输出功率。
为了达成上述目的,本发明的解决方案是:
一种太阳能电池组件,包括太阳能电池;其特征在于:还包括背板、透明玻璃板和隔水层,所述背板和透明玻璃板分别设置在太阳能电池的底部和顶部,而隔水层位于背板和透明玻璃板之间,并围绕太阳能电池的四周设置,其中背板包括依次层叠的外耐候层、水汽阻挡层、氧气阻挡层、基底层以及内耐候层
作为优选,所述的太阳能电池组件还包括密封层,所述密封层位于背板和透明玻璃板之间,并设于隔水层的外部,将隔水层和太阳能电池进行密封。
作为优选,所述氧气阻挡层厚度为50-150微米,所述水汽阻挡层的厚度为70-200纳米。
作为优选,所述基底层厚度为100-350微米,所述外耐候层和内耐候层的厚度均为40-150微米。
作为优选,所述氧气阻挡层为明胶材料,所述水汽阻挡层为无机薄膜层。
作为优选,所述基底层的材料为聚酯,所述聚酯包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,所述无机薄膜层为镀铝膜、金属铝箔或无机化合物层。
作为优选,所述基底层的材料包括双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,所述外耐候层和内耐候层为含氟树脂。
作为优选,所述无机化合物层材质为SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZnO、MgO、CaCO3、BaSO4中的一种或至少两种的组合,所述无机粒子的粒径为50-150纳米。
作为优选,所述透明玻璃板的外表面还设有一层水晶胶层。
作为优选,所述透明玻璃板的外表面呈弧形。
采用上述方案后,本发明具有以下特点:
通过在太阳能电池的外部设置背板和透明玻璃板,将太阳能电池进行保护,减小外界恶劣环境对太阳能电池的影响,延长太阳能电池的使用寿命;在太阳能电池的四周设置隔水层,同时采用具有水汽阻挡层和氧气阻挡层的背板,防止外部水汽和氧气对太阳能电池的影响,增强太阳能电池的输出功率;采用明胶材料为氧气阻隔层,无机材料为水汽阻隔层,聚酯材料作为基材,原料易得且廉价,使得该背板的生产成本较低;通过设置密封层,使太阳能电池更加密封,太阳能板的密封效果更好;在顶部的外表面设置水晶胶层,增强光线通过率,从而增强太阳能电池的输出功率;将透明玻璃板的外表面设计为弧形,透明玻璃板的外表面作为光照面,弧形的设计方式能够增大有限位置上的受光面积,从而增强太阳能电池的输出功率。
附图说明
图1是本发明太阳能电池组件的剖面结构示意图。
图2是本发明太阳能电池组件的背板的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图,对本发明的技术方案及有益效果进行详细说明。
如图1和2所示,本发明提供一种太阳能电池组件,包括太阳能电池1,用于将太阳能转化为电能;还包括背板3、透明玻璃板2和隔水层4,其中,背板板3和透明玻璃板2分别设置在太阳能电池1的底部和顶部,将太阳能电池1进行限位,并保护太阳能电池1免受外界环境的侵袭;而所述隔水层4位于背板3和透明玻璃板2之间,并围绕太阳能电池1的四周设置,用于防止环境中的水汽从背板3和透明玻璃板2之间的缝隙侵入太阳能电池1,起到良好的防水保护作用,同时背板3包括依次层叠的外耐候层a、水汽阻挡层b、氧气阻挡层c、基底层d以及内耐候层e,所述背板3把水汽和氧气分别进行阻隔,更有利于提高背板的阻隔性,使得该背板3的水汽和氧气透过率明显降低,从而防止太阳能电池1因水汽和氧气影响而降低输出功率。为了进一步增强本发明的密封性,还在背板3和透明玻璃板2之间设置密封层5,所述密封层5环绕在隔水层4的外部,从而将隔水层4和太阳能电池1密封在背板3和透明玻璃板2之间的空间中。为了增强输出功率,在本实施例中,将透明玻璃板2的外表面设计为弧形,从而增加受光面积;同时,还可在透明玻璃板2的外表面涂覆一层水晶胶层6,如图1所示,水晶胶具有良好的透光效果,可减小透明玻璃板2受环境侵袭时,表面附着水汽、灰尘等对输出功率的影响。
该太阳能电池组件的制备方法为:首先进行太阳能电池组件的背板的制作,在基底层d的上表面涂布粘合剂,经热固化后与氧气阻挡层c复合,在氧气阻挡层c上溅射一层水汽阻挡层b,在水汽阻挡层b上涂布一层粘合剂,与外耐候层a复合。在基底层d的下表面涂布粘合剂,与内耐候层e复合,得到背板3;然后在背板3上设置太阳能电池1和透明玻璃板2,然后在背板3和透明玻璃板2之间设置密封层5和隔水层4,并使得所述密封层5环绕在隔水层4的外部,从而将隔水层4和太阳能电池1密封在背板3和透明玻璃板2之间的空间中,已得到所述的太阳能电池组件。
其中,可将透明玻璃板2的外表面设计为弧形;
其中,可在透明玻璃板2的外表面涂覆一层水晶胶层6;
其中,可设置所述氧气阻挡层厚度为50-150微米,所述水汽阻挡层的厚度为70-200纳米;
其中,可设置所述基底层厚度为100-350微米,所述外耐候层和内耐候层的厚度均为40-150微米;
其中,可设置所述氧气阻挡层为明胶材料,所述水汽阻挡层为无机薄膜层;
其中,可设置所述基底层的材料为聚酯,所述聚酯包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,所述无机薄膜层为镀铝膜、金属铝箔或无机化合物层;
其中,可设置所述基底层的材料包括双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,所述外耐候层和内耐候层为含氟树脂。
其中,可设置所述无机化合物层材质为SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZnO、MgO、CaCO3、BaSO4中的一种或至少两种的组合,所述无机粒子的粒径为50-150纳米。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种太阳能电池组件,包括太阳能电池;其特征在于:还包括背板、透明玻璃板和隔水层,所述背板和透明玻璃板分别设置在太阳能电池的底部和顶部,而隔水层位于背板和透明玻璃板之间,并围绕太阳能电池的四周设置,其中背板包括依次层叠的外耐候层、水汽阻挡层、氧气阻挡层、基底层以及内耐候层。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,所述太阳能电池组件还包括密封层,所述密封层位于背板和透明玻璃板之间,并设于隔水层的外部,将隔水层和太阳能电池进行密封。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,所述氧气阻挡层厚度为50-150微米,所述水汽阻挡层的厚度为70-200纳米。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,所述基底层厚度为100-350微米,所述外耐候层和内耐候层的厚度均为40-150微米。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,所述氧气阻挡层为明胶材料,所述水汽阻挡层为无机薄膜层。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,所述基底层的材料为聚酯,所述聚酯包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,所述无机薄膜层为镀铝膜、金属铝箔或无机化合物层。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,所述基底层的材料包括双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,所述外耐候层和内耐候层为含氟树脂。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于,所述无机化合物层材质为SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、ZnO、MgO、CaCO3、BaSO4中的一种或至少两种的组合,所述无机粒子的粒径为50-150纳米。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:所述透明玻璃板的外表面还设有一层水晶胶层。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的一种太阳能电池组件,其特征在于:所述透明玻璃板的外表面呈弧形。
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