CN105862464B - 一种真丝面料的印花色浆及采用该印花色浆的印花工艺 - Google Patents
一种真丝面料的印花色浆及采用该印花色浆的印花工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供提高染料印花均匀性的一种真丝面料的印花色浆及采用该印花色浆的印花工艺。该印花色浆包括以下重量份数的组份:囊芯20~100份;粘合剂1~20份;囊膜5~30份;以重量百分比计,所述囊芯包括染料1~10%、尿素1~5%和糊料30~60%;以重量百分比计,所述囊膜包括乙烯基缩醛类聚合物5~20%、聚醚和/或聚烯烃类共聚物80~95%。采用该印花色浆的印花工艺,包括如下步骤:S1,预处理真丝面料;S2,如上述方法制备印花色浆;S3,在pH=6.0~6.5下,将S2制备得到的印花色浆用于S1预处理得到的真丝面料进行印花处理;S4,将S3得到的印花后的真丝面料烘干、蒸化、清洗、整理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品印花技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种真丝面料的印花色浆及采用该印花色浆的印花工艺。
背景技术
真丝,一般指蚕丝,包括桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝、蓖麻蚕丝、木薯蚕丝等。真丝,属于蛋白质纤维,是一种含氮的高分子化合物,其由丝胶和丝素组成,丝胶在外而丝素在内且两者紧密相连。真丝也是一种多孔纤维,其由18种对人体有益的氨基酸按不同的比例和空间组合而成。真丝面料,以其良好的吸湿、透气性能、护肤保健作用等,受到古往今来的人的青睐。
随社会发展,真丝面料的多样化已成为一种时代需求,在真丝面料上印花是常见的形式之一。目前,染料印花是真丝面料印花的主要方式之一。染料印花,指的是利用糊料赋予色浆的粘度和印花特性,以使染料随着糊料初步地施加于面料表面。传统的染料印花,需要在印花后加入相对冗繁的蒸化、水洗、退浆等后处理,其存在较为严重的污染问题,对生态环境存在破坏。
公开号为CN101096823A的中国专利公开了一种真丝织物染料印花轻水洗印花方法,其先对真丝纤维接枝改性,使纤维分子中引入阳离子基团,增加了阴离子(酸性、中性等)染料的染座,使染料的上染率增加及色牢度提高;采用低含固量合成增稠剂作为染料印花色浆的主要原浆,减少色浆中浆料的含量;在色浆中添加加固剂及柔软剂,使印花织物的色牢度进一步提高及手感的改善。这种印花方法可以缩短染料印花工艺,达到轻水洗的目的,来达到减少污水排放的标准。然而在实际应用中发现,染料印花后的面料中存在不同区域的染色不均的情况。这可能是由于在染色的某一时间段内染料浓度过高,导致染料不能及时均匀扩散至面料的各区域上,不同区域内的染料浓度不同。
真丝面料染色不均的情况的存在,将影响高品质产品的生产,因此如何减少甚至避免上述真丝面料染色不均的情况存在较广的应用价值。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供提高染料印花均匀性的一种真丝面料的印花色浆。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
一种真丝面料的印花色浆,包括以下重量份数的组份:
囊芯20~100份;
粘合剂1~20份;
囊膜5~30份;
以重量百分比计,所述囊芯包括染料1~10%、尿素1~5%和糊料30~60%;
以重量百分比计,所述囊膜包括乙烯基缩醛类聚合物5~20%、聚醚和/或聚烯烃类共聚物80~95%。
本申请中,将染料作成囊芯的形式,其外表面上包覆有囊膜,囊膜将染料与真丝面料隔离开使得染料无法与真丝面料接触,减少局部染料印花过重;用乙烯基缩醛类聚合物5~20%、聚醚和/或聚烯烃类共聚物80~95%来作为囊膜的材料,在使用过程中可控制部分囊膜的溶解,达到控释囊芯的目的,使得在染料印花的过程中染料的浓度一直维持在一定的范围内,一方面能减少囊芯浓度过高的情况,使染料能及时均匀扩散至面料的各区域上,使其能均匀染色,另一方面能减少囊芯浓度过低的情况,提高染色效果和效率;通过粘合剂将囊芯和囊膜粘结,能减少在使用过程中囊芯松散而导致一次性释放至染料印花环境中的情况,能提高缓释囊膜的效果;另外,本申请中利用糊料赋予染料一定的粘度,使染料随着糊料施加于真丝面料的表面上,增加染料与真丝面料之间的作用力,增强真丝面料的染色效果,同时利用尿素与真丝面料之间的作用,能增加真丝面料的溶胀度和提高固色率;本申请制备的一种真丝面料的印花色浆,能进一步提高染料印花均匀性。
作为优选,所述糊料选自重量分数为3~4%的合成增稠剂浆、重量分数为6~8%的改性海藻酸钠或植物种子胶浆中的至少一种。
重量分数为3~4%的合成增稠剂浆与染料、真丝面料均具有较好的粘合力,其能提高染料与真丝面料之间的作用力,同时合成增稠剂与囊膜具有一定的结合力,其能辅助粘结囊膜,降低在使用过程中囊膜的释放速度;重量分数为6~8%的改性海藻酸钠或植物种子胶浆除了有重量分数为3~4%的合成增稠剂浆相同的效果外,其还与真丝面料具有较好的作用,其还能起到柔软剂的作用,减少加工过程中真丝面料受损的情况,维持真丝面料的护肤作用。
作为优选,以重量百分比计,所述囊芯中还包括加固剂0.5~2%和柔软剂0.5~2%。
在囊芯中添加加固剂及柔软剂,使印花织物的色牢度进一步提高及手感的改善,同时其能减少真丝面料在加工过程中的结构破坏。
作为优选,所述合成增稠剂浆选自聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。
聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯均为亲水性物质,其既能促进染料和真丝面料之间的作用,还能使染料印花环境(以水为主)形成一个均匀稳定的环境,确保染色的均匀性。
作为优选,所述加固剂选自聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种,所述柔软剂选自氨基硅油聚合物、氨基硅酮聚合物中的至少一种。
聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯与丝胶具有一定的作用力,其能进一步提高印花面料的色牢度;氨基硅油聚合物、氨基硅酮聚合物能与丝胶、丝素作用使其真丝面料更柔软,进一步提高染料印花的效果。
作为优选,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
S2i,于20~40℃下将染料、尿素、糊料按配方量混合均匀,得到囊芯;
S2ii,在S2i得到的囊芯上,喷涂上配方量的粘合剂;
S2iii,在S2ii得到的混合物上,喷涂上配方量的囊膜,30~50℃下干燥,制得;
其中,所述喷涂采用喷雾干燥法或流化床气体悬浮法。
本申请的印花色浆在相对低温下制备,能减少高温下造成囊膜的收缩而影响囊膜的隔离效果的情况;通过上述方法制备得到的印花色浆中,囊芯、囊膜及印花色浆均分散均匀,能进一步提高其在释放过程中的稳定控释效果。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种提高染料印花均匀性的印花工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1,预处理真丝面料;
S2,如上述方法制备印花色浆;
S3,在pH=6.0~6.5下,将S2制备得到的印花色浆用于S1预处理得到的真丝面料进行印花处理;
S4,将S3得到的印花后的真丝面料烘干、蒸化、清洗、整理。
通过预处理真丝面料,将真丝面料生产、运输、存储过程中的杂质除去,有利于后期的加工和其大生产化的稳定工艺控制;再在pH=6.0~6.5下,将S2制备得到的印花色浆用于S1预处理得到的真丝面料进行印花处理,pH=6.0~6.5下,真丝面料较为稳定,乙烯基缩醛类聚合物能溶解部分且聚醚和/或聚烯烃类共聚物的溶解度基本保持不变,因此能得到一个具有部分囊孔的囊膜,而囊芯可通过该囊孔逐渐释放至染料印花环境中,达到控释的目的,从而提高染料印花的均匀性;通过将S3得到的印花后的真丝面料烘干、蒸化、清洗、整理,能提高真丝面料的最终成型。
作为优选,所述S1中的预处理包括如下步骤:
Sli,预处理浆料处理:20~40℃下,于真丝面料中加入预处理浆料处理,处理后于50~80℃下烘干;
S1ii,接枝改性:于Sli处理得到的真丝面料中加入接枝剂,于20~40℃下二浸二轧,100~120℃下烘干。
真丝面料通过预处理浆料处理,可将真丝面料生产、运输、存储过程中的杂质除去,有利于后期的加工及其大生产化的稳定工艺控制;
真丝面料接枝改性后,分子中阳离子基团的引入,增加了阴离子染料的染座,使染料的上染率增加,减少浮色,提高染料的利用率。
作为优选,以重量百分比计,所述预处理浆料包括碳酸氢钠0.5~2%、尿素2~5%、葡萄糖0.5~1%和变性淀粉0.5~1%,余量为重量分数为0.5~2%的乙醇水溶液;所述接枝改性采用马来酸酐改性。
通过本申请的预处理浆料对真丝面料进行预处理,除了能除去杂质外,还能改善真丝面料的流动性和滞后触变性,有利于后期的染料印花;使用0.5~2%的乙醇水溶液作为主体,能充分将预处理浆料溶解,真丝面料在预处理时能完全浸入预处理浆料中稳定处理,有利于大生产化的稳定工艺控制。
研究发现,所述真丝面料和预处理浆料的质量比为1∶5~20,真丝面料和接枝剂的质量比为1∶10~50,真丝面料和和印花色浆的质量比为1∶0.5~5,染料印花的均匀性最佳。
通过采用上述技术方案,具有以下有益效果:
本申请通过将染料包裹在囊膜内,通过一定的方式将囊膜处理出多孔形式来达到控释囊芯的目的,使得在染料印花的过程中染料的浓度一直维持在一定的范围内,一方面能减少囊芯浓度过高的情况,使染料能及时均匀扩散至面料的各区域上,使其能均匀染色,另一方面能减少囊芯浓度过低的情况,提高染色效果和效率;另外在pH=6.0~6.5下,将S2制备得到的印花色浆用于S1预处理得到的真丝面料进行印花处理,真丝面料较为稳定,乙烯基缩醛类聚合物能溶解部分且聚醚和/或聚烯烃类共聚物的溶解度基本保持不变,因此能得到一个具有部分囊孔的囊膜;研究发现(参考对比例中的染色均匀性测试),本申请的印花工艺得到的真丝面料的染色均匀性较好,其染色均匀性优于对照样;
本申请通过对真丝面料通过预处理浆料处理和接枝改性,可将真丝面料的杂质除去,分子中阳离子基团的引入,增加了阴离子染料的染座,有利于后期的加工及其大生产化的稳定工艺控制;研究发现(参考对比例中的不同批次的染色均匀性测试),本申请的印花工艺得到的真丝面料的染色灰卡等级一直保持4-5,其具有较好的大生产化价值;
本申请结合糊料、加固剂、柔软剂的加入,且在相对低温下进行印花工艺,能提高染色的均匀性、色牢度和染料利用率;研究发现(参考对比例中的上染率测试和二次上染率测试),本申请在印花工艺的印花过程中的损失率均≤8%(其中实施例1至4的损失率≤5%),其二次上染率均≥82%(其中实施例1至4的二次上染率均≥89%),其相对于对照样有较大的改进。
具体实施方式
实施例1-8
一种真丝面料的印花色浆,其工艺包括如下步骤:
S2i,于20~40℃下将染料、尿素、糊料和其他组份按配方量混合均匀,得到囊芯;
S2ii,在Si得到的囊芯上,喷涂上配方量的粘合剂;
S2iii,在Sii得到的混合物上,喷涂上配方量的囊膜,30~50℃下干燥,制得印花色浆;
其中,喷涂采用喷雾干燥法或流化床气体悬浮法;
实施例1-8的各组分及其相关信息统计见表1至表8。
表1实施例1的印花色浆的各组分及其相关信息统计
表2实施例2的印花色浆的各组分及其相关信息统计
表3实施例3的印花色浆的各组分及其相关信息统计
表4实施例4的印花色浆的各组分及其相关信息统计
表5实施例5的印花色浆的各组分及其相关信息统计
表6实施例6的印花色浆的各组分及其相关信息统计
表7实施例7的印花色浆的各组分及其相关信息统计
表8实施例8的印花色浆的各组分及其相关信息统计
实施例9-16
一种印花,其工艺包括如下步骤:
S1,预处理真丝面料:Sli,预处理浆料处理:20~40℃下,于真丝面料中加入预处理浆料处理,处理后于50~80℃下烘干(10~30min),其中真丝面料和预处理浆料的质量比为1∶5~20;S1ii,接枝改性:于Sli处理得到的真丝面料中加入接枝剂,于20~40℃下二浸二轧(带液70~80wt%),100~120℃下烘干(1~5min),其中真丝面料和接枝剂的质量比为1∶10~50;
S2,按实施例1-8制备印花色浆;
S3,在pH=6.0~6.5下,将S2制备得到的印花色浆用于S1预处理得到的真丝面料进行印花处理,其中真丝面料和印花色浆的质量比为1∶0.5~5;
S4,将S3得到的印花后的真丝面料烘干、蒸化、清洗、整理。
实施例9-16的各组分及其相关信息统计见表9至表16。
表9实施例9的印花的各组分及其相关信息统计
表10实施例10的印花的各组分及其相关信息统计
表11实施例11的印花的各组分及其相关信息统计
表12实施例12的印花的各组分及其相关信息统计
表13实施例13的印花的各组分及其相关信息统计
表14实施例14的印花的各组分及其相关信息统计
表15实施例15的印花的各组分及其相关信息统计
表16实施例16的印花的各组分及其相关信息统计
对比例
1、对照样的制备:参考公开号为CN101096823A的中国专利的实施例1,其配方及工艺说明:
(1)前处理(真丝纤维接枝改性)配方及工艺:
接枝剂205:30g/L,二浸二轧(室温,带液70~80%),105~120℃烘干(3~5min);接枝剂205由浙江华晟化学制品有限公司提供;
(2)色浆配方及说明:
依索伦黄:1%,尿素:1%,3~4%合成增稠剂浆60%,6~8%改性海藻酸钠5%,加水至100%;合成增稠剂(聚丙烯酸)由杭州高扬化学制品有限公司提供;
(3)其他:印花中其它过程(图案设计、花版制作、印花、汽蒸、后整理)过程与传统工艺相同。
2、上染率测试
试验内容:取印花处理前、后的母液,分别用紫外可见分光光度法测定其中的染料含量,其含量分别为m前和m后,则染料的上染率A=(m前-m后)/m前,而染料损失率B=m后/m前;
试验样品:以对照样为对照,实施例9至16制备的样品为测试样。
试验结果:如表17所示,表17显示对照样在印花的过程中存在16%的损失,而实施例9至16在印花过程中的损失率均≤8%,其中实施例1至4的损失率≤5%。
表17上染率测试结果及其统计
3、二次上染率测试
试验内容:取蒸化、清洗过程中的母液,分别用紫外可见分光光度法测定其中的染料含量,其含量为m二次,则染料的二次上染率C=(m前-m后-m二次)/m前,而二次染料损失率D=m二次/m前。
试验样品:以对照样为对照,实施例9至16制备的样品为测试样。
试验结果:如表18所示,表18显示对照样在蒸化、清洗过程中25%的损失,其二次上染率仅为59%,这将导致原料耗费较多,且其损失的染料对环境存在较大的污染;而实施例9至16的二次上染率均≥82%,其中实施例9至12的二次上染率均≥89%,其相对于对照样有较大的改进。
表18二次上染率测试结果及其统计
4、染色均匀性测试
试验内容:取整理后的干真丝面料(为消除误差,每个样品均处理出1m2的真丝面料),等间距取样,共取真丝面料样品5个且每个真丝面料样品的大小均为1cm2;将试样间的档差用标准灰卡(五级)相比较,即档差判定。
试验样品:以对照样为对照,实施例9至16制备的样品为测试样。
试验结果:如表19所示,表19显示对照样的染色灰卡等级为3-4,实施例9至16的染色灰卡等级为4-5,实施例9至16的染色均匀性优于对照样。
表19染色均匀性测试结果及其统计
试验样品 | 染色灰卡等级 |
对照样 | 3-4 |
实施例9 | 4-5 |
实施例10 | 4-5 |
实施例11 | 4-5 |
实施例12 | 4-5 |
实施例13 | 4-5 |
实施例14 | 4-5 |
实施例15 | 4-5 |
实施例16 | 4-5 |
5、不同批次的染色均匀性测试
试验内容:取整理后的干真丝面料(为消除误差,每个样品均处理出1m2的真丝面料),等间距取样,共取真丝面料样品5个且每个真丝面料样品的大小均为1cm2;将试样间的档差用标准灰卡(五级)相比较,即档差判定;每个样品平行测试五次。
试验样品:以对照样为对照,实施例9至16制备的样品为测试样。
试验结果:如表20所示,表20显示不同批次的对照样的染色灰卡等级测试存在一定的差异,而实施例9至16的染色灰卡等级一直保持4-5,实施例9至16具有较好的大生产化价值。
表20不同批次的染色均匀性测试结果及其统计
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种印花工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1,预处理真丝面料;
S2,制备印花色浆;
S3,在pH=6.0~6.5下,将S2制备得到的印花色浆用于S1预处理得到的真丝面料进行印花处理;
S4,将S3得到的印花后的真丝面料烘干、蒸化、清洗、整理;
S1的预处理包括如下步骤:
S1i,预处理浆料处理:20~40℃下,于真丝面料中加入预处理浆料处理,处理后于50~80℃下烘干;以重量百分比计,所述预处理浆料包括碳酸氢钠0.5~2%、尿素2~5%、葡萄糖0.5~1%和变性淀粉0.5~1%,余量为重量分数为0.5~2%的乙醇水溶液;
S1ii,接枝改性:于S1i处理得到的真丝面料中加入接枝剂,于20~40℃下二浸二轧,100~120℃下烘干;所述接枝改性采用马来酸酐改性;
所述真丝面料和预处理浆料的质量比为1:5~20,真丝面料和接枝剂的质量比为1:10~50,真丝面料和印花色浆的质量比为1:0.5~5;
S2中,所述印花色浆由如下方法制备得到:
S2i,于20~40℃下将染料、尿素、糊料、加固剂和柔软剂混合均匀,得到囊芯;
S2ii,在S2i得到的囊芯上,喷涂上配方量的粘合剂;
S2iii,在S2ii得到的混合物上,喷涂上配方量的囊膜,30~50℃下干燥,制得;
其中,所述喷涂采用喷雾干燥法或流化床气体悬浮法;
真丝面料的印花色浆的配方为:包括以下重量份数的组份:囊芯20~100份;粘合剂1~20份;囊膜5~30份;
以重量百分比计,所述囊芯包括染料1~10%、尿素1~5%、糊料30~60%、加固剂0.5~2%和柔软剂0.5~2%;所述糊料选自质量分数为3~4%的合成增稠剂浆、重量分数为6~8%的改性海藻酸钠或植物种子胶浆中的至少一种;所述合成增稠剂浆选自聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种;所述加固剂选自聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯中的至少一种,所述柔软剂选自氨基硅油聚合物、氨基硅酮聚合物中的至少一种;以重量百分比计,所述囊膜包括乙烯基缩醛类聚合物5~20%、聚醚和/或聚烯烃类共聚物80~95%。
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