CN105855810B - A kind of good axle sleeve of lubricity - Google Patents

A kind of good axle sleeve of lubricity Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105855810B
CN105855810B CN201610432695.XA CN201610432695A CN105855810B CN 105855810 B CN105855810 B CN 105855810B CN 201610432695 A CN201610432695 A CN 201610432695A CN 105855810 B CN105855810 B CN 105855810B
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Prior art keywords
axle sleeve
incubated
welding
temperature
built
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CN105855810A (en
Inventor
夏天
胡平
王永华
孙志平
李健
房益文
马永生
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Jiangsu Xuemei Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd.
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JIANGSU XUEMEI REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT CO Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/1065—Grooves on a bearing surface for distributing or collecting the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/003—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
    • F16C2220/06—Shaping by casting in situ casting or moulding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/24—Shaping by built-up welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
    • F16C2223/16—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding with carbo-nitriding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces

Abstract

A kind of good axle sleeve of lubricity：The axle sleeve is cylindrical, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle sleeve includes copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface is coated with aluminum oxide coating layer, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface beyond oil removing rooved face has nickel alloy overlay cladding, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding, and cell body decay resistance is improved by being coated coating to shaft sleeve oil groove cell body surface；Copper-based alloy material of the present invention fully meets the intensity requirement of axle sleeve material of main part.

Description

A kind of good axle sleeve of lubricity
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of good axle sleeve of lubricity, belongs to technical field of bearings.
Background technology
In part during exercise, rotating shaft is installed in axis hole, because long-term use can be caused between rotating shaft and axis hole Abrasion, is generally arranged on countershaft in rotating shaft by axle sleeve and shields, but rotating shaft and axle sleeve are during supporting the use Rubbed constantly, at present, ensureing to fill therebetween by the way of lubricating oil is added between axle sleeve and rotating shaft The service life of the lubrication divided, extension rotating shaft and axle sleeve.Therefore, the fatigue strength of axle sleeve, wearability, intensity, hardness has very high Requirement, the bearing capacity of current sleeve lining is high, reduces the service life of axle sleeve；And processing technology is complicated, processing Efficiency is very low.The deficiencies in the prior art cause axle sleeve in use, still have in-convenience in use, or self-lubrication function is not The problems such as improving, the problem of if maintenance is not prompt enough, axle and axle sleeve heavy wear can be caused, or even scrapped.
The content of the invention
A kind of good axle sleeve of lubricity：The axle sleeve is cylindrical, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle Set includes copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, and oil groove cell body surface is coated with the axle sleeve cylinder beyond aluminum oxide coating layer, oil removing rooved face Surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition is（Percentage by weight）：Cr：14.5 ﹪,：Si 3.5 ﹪, Ni：2.5 ﹪, Mn：0.85 ﹪, Mo：0.65 ﹪, Nb：0.55 ﹪, Ti：0.25 ﹪, W：0.085 ﹪, Al：0.035 ﹪, Zr：0.035 ﹪, Ca 0.015 ﹪, Ta： 0.015 ﹪, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
The axle sleeve is manufactured to comprise the following steps：According to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first fine copper is added to molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after after fine copper fusing, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C of addition chromium-copper intermediate alloys, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C of addition copper silicon intermediate alloys；Furnace temperature is increased to 1240 DEG C of addition nickel-copper intermediate alloys afterwards；Afterwards will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refining cleanser, refines cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, is stirred 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag is separated with molten metal, skim, rear to add covering Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, skims, afterwards axle sleeve is poured into a mould again after standing 40 minutes；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；Obtained axle sleeve blank is heat-treated：Axle sleeve blank is carried out first to be heated to 750 DEG C, heating 50 DEG C/h of speed, is incubated 2 hours, Quenching Treatment is carried out afterwards, hardening media is water, heats axle sleeve from room temperature after quenching To 550 DEG C, 75 DEG C/h of heating rate is incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, 50 DEG C/h of rate of temperature fall, insulation 3 is small When, after be cooled to 200 DEG C again, 50 DEG C/h of rate of temperature fall is incubated 9 hours, after be air-cooled to room temperature, the refining cleanser Including：Aluminium chloride 70%, calcirm-fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；The coverture includes：Potassium chloride 30%, borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Carbo-nitriding heat treatment is carried out to workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface, process is oozed by force：750-760 DEG C of model of temperature Enclose, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, and carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6% are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rise nitrogen gesture to 0.7-0.9% is incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rise nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential to 0.4-0.5%, rise nitrogen gesture to 1.2-1.6% is incubated 4h；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process： Control furnace temperature is down to 730 DEG C, is incubated 3h, is cooled to 700 DEG C, is incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；It is air-cooled to room temperature；
Workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C after carbo-nitriding, 100 DEG C/h of heating rate is incubated 3 hours, water cooling is quenched afterwards Fire, heats base substrate and is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C, come out of the stove and be air-cooled to room temperature again；Base substrate is put into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Room temperature is gone back up in atmosphere；
Built-up welding is carried out to workpiece cylinder outer surface, bead-welding technology is：210 DEG C of preheatings, during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, Slow cooling after the completion of built-up welding； Weld overlay materials are：Zn 10.5%, Ti 6.5%, Ca 1.5%, W 0.75%, Mn 0.55%, Cr 0.35%, Mg 0.055%, it is remaining Measure as Al；
Oil groove is coated：In oil groove cell body surface covering aluminum oxide coating, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Built-up welding is carried out to the cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface, bead-welding technology is：180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap Slow cooling after the completion of weldering；Weld overlay materials are：Cr 10.5%, Ti 8.5%, Si 5.5%, Zn 2.5%, Ca 0.75%, Cu 0.045%, Zn 0.025%, surplus is Ni；
Final heat treatment：Workpiece heat is incubated 3 hours to 500 DEG C, then is cooled to 300 DEG C and is incubated 4 hours, obtains final Axle sleeve.
Oil groove cell body section is into semicircle or rectangle.
Cylinder inner surface oil groove cell body surface is also included to the carbo-nitriding that workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out.
Foregoing invention content is relative to the beneficial effect of prior art：1）By being carried out to shaft sleeve oil groove cell body surface Applying coating improves cell body decay resistance；2）The intensity that copper-based alloy material of the present invention fully meets axle sleeve material of main part will Ask；3）Hardness and intensity fatigue behaviour that multistage gradient carbo-nitriding heat treatment improves axle sleeve are carried out to axle sleeve, it is to avoid split Line； 4）Being handled by inside surfacing causes axle sleeve to reach higher wearability and fatigue performance, corresponding fatigue behaviour It is improved；5）By carrying out built-up welding to sleeve outer surface, anti-corrosion, the high temperature resistant of material are improved.6）Axle sleeve carries out subzero treatment Improve its impact resistance and fatigue behaviour.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is axle sleeve front view；
Fig. 2 is axle sleeve top view.
Embodiment
In order to which technical characteristic, purpose and effect to the present invention are more clearly understood from, now describe the present invention's in detail Embodiment.
The good axle sleeve of lubricity as shown in Figure 1-2, axle sleeve is cylindrical, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove （1）, oilhole is offered on oil groove（2）, oil groove cell body surface is coated with beyond aluminum oxide coating layer (not shown), oil removing rooved face Axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding（3）, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding（4）.
Embodiment 1
A kind of good axle sleeve of lubricity：The axle sleeve is cylindrical, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle Set includes copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, and oil groove cell body surface is coated with the axle sleeve cylinder beyond aluminum oxide coating layer, oil removing rooved face Surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition is（Percentage by weight）：Cr：14.5 ﹪,：Si 3.5 ﹪, Ni：2.5 ﹪, Mn：0.85 ﹪, Mo：0.65 ﹪, Nb：0.55 ﹪, Ti：0.25 ﹪, W：0.085 ﹪, Al：0.035 ﹪, Zr：0.035 ﹪, Ca 0.015 ﹪, Ta： 0.015 ﹪, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
The axle sleeve is manufactured to comprise the following steps：According to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first fine copper is added to molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after after fine copper fusing, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C of addition chromium-copper intermediate alloys, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C of addition copper silicon intermediate alloys；Furnace temperature is increased to 1240 DEG C of addition nickel-copper intermediate alloys afterwards；Afterwards will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refining cleanser, refines cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, is stirred 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag is separated with molten metal, skim, rear to add covering Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, skims, afterwards axle sleeve is poured into a mould again after standing 40 minutes；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；Obtained axle sleeve blank is heat-treated：Axle sleeve blank is carried out first to be heated to 750 DEG C, heating 50 DEG C/h of speed, is incubated 2 hours, Quenching Treatment is carried out afterwards, hardening media is water, heats axle sleeve from room temperature after quenching To 550 DEG C, 75 DEG C/h of heating rate is incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, 50 DEG C/h of rate of temperature fall, insulation 3 is small When, after be cooled to 200 DEG C again, 50 DEG C/h of rate of temperature fall is incubated 9 hours, after be air-cooled to room temperature, the refining cleanser Including：Aluminium chloride 70%, calcirm-fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；The coverture includes：Potassium chloride 30%, borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Carbo-nitriding heat treatment is carried out to workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface, process is oozed by force：750-760 DEG C of model of temperature Enclose, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, and carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6% are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rise nitrogen gesture to 0.7-0.9% is incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rise nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential to 0.4-0.5%, rise nitrogen gesture to 1.2-1.6% is incubated 4h；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process： Control furnace temperature is down to 730 DEG C, is incubated 3h, is cooled to 700 DEG C, is incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；It is air-cooled to room temperature；
Workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C after carbo-nitriding, 100 DEG C/h of heating rate is incubated 3 hours, water cooling is quenched afterwards Fire, heats base substrate and is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C, come out of the stove and be air-cooled to room temperature again；Base substrate is put into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Room temperature is gone back up in atmosphere；
Built-up welding is carried out to workpiece cylinder outer surface, bead-welding technology is：210 DEG C of preheatings, during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, Slow cooling after the completion of built-up welding； Weld overlay materials are：Zn 10.5%, Ti 6.5%, Ca 1.5%, W 0.75%, Mn 0.55%, Cr 0.35%, Mg 0.055%, it is remaining Measure as Al；
Oil groove is coated：In oil groove cell body surface covering aluminum oxide coating, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Built-up welding is carried out to the cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface, bead-welding technology is：180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap Slow cooling after the completion of weldering；Weld overlay materials are：Cr 10.5%, Ti 8.5%, Si 5.5%, Zn 2.5%, Ca 0.75%, Cu 0.045%, Zn 0.025%, surplus is Ni；
Final heat treatment：Workpiece heat is incubated 3 hours to 500 DEG C, then is cooled to 300 DEG C and is incubated 4 hours, obtains final Axle sleeve.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of good axle sleeve of lubricity：The axle sleeve is cylindrical, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle sleeve Including copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface is coated with table in the axle sleeve cylinder beyond aluminum oxide coating layer, oil removing rooved face Face has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition is（Percentage by weight）：Cr：14.5 ﹪, Si：3.5 ﹪, Ni：2.5 ﹪, Mn：0.85 ﹪, Mo： 0.65 ﹪, Nb：0.55 ﹪, Ti：0.25 ﹪, W：0.085 ﹪, Al：0.035 ﹪, Zr：0.035 ﹪, Ca 0.015 ﹪, Ta： 0.015 ﹪, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
The axle sleeve is manufactured to comprise the following steps：According to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, fine copper is first added to smelting furnace In, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after after fine copper fusing, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C of addition chromium-copper intermediate alloys, after by stove Temperature rise adds copper silicon intermediate alloys to 1220 DEG C；Furnace temperature is increased to 1240 DEG C of addition nickel-copper intermediate alloys afterwards；Afterwards by furnace temperature It is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, add refining cleanser, refining cleanser is added Measure as the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stir 50 minutes, stand 100 minutes, treat that slag is separated with molten metal, skim, coverture is added afterwards, The total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, skims, afterwards axle sleeve is poured into a mould again after standing 40 minutes；Cast temperature Spend for 1200 DEG C；Obtained axle sleeve blank is heat-treated：Axle sleeve blank is carried out first to be heated to 750 DEG C, heating speed 50 DEG C/h of rate, is incubated 2 hours, Quenching Treatment is carried out afterwards, hardening media is water, is heated to axle sleeve from room temperature after quenching 550 DEG C, 75 DEG C/h of heating rate is incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, 50 DEG C/h of rate of temperature fall is incubated 3 hours, Be cooled to 200 DEG C again afterwards, 50 DEG C/h of rate of temperature fall is incubated 9 hours, after be air-cooled to room temperature, the refining cleanser is under Row raw material is constituted：Aluminium chloride 70%, calcirm-fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；The coverture includes：Chlorine Change potassium 30%, borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Carbo-nitriding heat treatment is carried out to workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface, process is oozed by force：750-760 DEG C of scope of temperature, carbon Gesture and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, and carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6% are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0-1.1%, Nitrogen gesture is raised to 0.7-0.9%, 3h is incubated, then reduces carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rise nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1% is incubated 4h, finally Carbon potential is reduced to 0.4-0.5%, rise nitrogen gesture to 1.2-1.6% is incubated 4h；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process：Control furnace temperature Degree is down to 730 DEG C, is incubated 3h, is cooled to 700 DEG C, is incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control is between 0.9-1.0%, nitrogen potential control Between 1.1-1.2%；It is air-cooled to room temperature；
Workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C after carbo-nitriding, 100 DEG C/h of heating rate is incubated 3 hours, afterwards water hardening, then It is secondary by base substrate be heated to 400 DEG C be incubated 5 hours, come out of the stove and be air-cooled to room temperature；Base substrate is put into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, in sky Room temperature is gone back up in gas；
Built-up welding is carried out to workpiece cylinder outer surface, bead-welding technology is：210 DEG C of preheatings, during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, Built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；Slow cooling after the completion of built-up welding；Built-up welding Layer material is：Zn 10.5%, Ti 6.5%, Ca 1.5%, W 0.75%, Mn 0.55%, Cr 0.35%, Mg 0.055%, surplus is Al；
Oil groove is coated：In oil groove cell body surface covering aluminum oxide coating, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Built-up welding is carried out to the cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface, bead-welding technology is：180 DEG C of preheatings, during built-up welding, Electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；Built-up welding is completed Slow cooling afterwards；Weld overlay materials are：Cr 10.5%, Ti 8.5%, Si 5.5%, Zn 2.5%, Ca 0.75%, Cu 0.045%, Zn 0.025%, surplus is Ni；
Final heat treatment：By workpiece heat to 500 DEG C be incubated 3 hours, then be cooled to 300 DEG C be incubated 4 hours, obtain final axle Set.
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