CN104250712A - Method for manufacturing large-size, high-toughness and wear-resistant alloy roller - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing large-size, high-toughness and wear-resistant alloy roller Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104250712A CN104250712A CN201310262052.1A CN201310262052A CN104250712A CN 104250712 A CN104250712 A CN 104250712A CN 201310262052 A CN201310262052 A CN 201310262052A CN 104250712 A CN104250712 A CN 104250712A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- roll
- roller
- wear
- skin
- toughness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a large-size, high-toughness and wear-resistant alloy roller, and relates to the technical field of light-industry machine machinery manufacture. The roller is composed of a high-toughness and wear-resistant alloy outer layer and a high-strength cast iron inner layer, wherein the outer layer comprises the chemical compositions by the mass percentage: 3.2-3.6% of carbon, less than 1.0% of silicon, 0.8-2.0% of manganese, less than 0.05% of sulfur, 0.1-0.3% of phosphorus, 1.2-1.8% of chromium, 3.6-4.2% of nickel, 0.3-0.5% of molybdenum, less than 0.1% of titanium, less than 0.2% of vanadium, and the balance iron and unavoidable impurities; the microstructure of the outer layer of the roller is composed of carbide, lower bainite and austenite, wherein the volume fraction of the austenite is 10-35%; the large-size, high-toughness and wear-resistant alloy roller is prepared through smelting, pouring, cooling and mechanical processing. The cooling method is the key to obtain a qualified product. The method overcomes the problem that because of large size and too much heat brought by hot metals, the generated stress of a roller is too large in the processes of solidification and cooling, resulting in defects of cracks and non-uniform stress; and the hardness of the surface of the roller is less than 3 HSD, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the outer layer of the roller are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to light industry machine machinery manufacturing technology field, specifically a kind of manufacture method of grain and oil machinery large size high-ductility wear-resisting alloy roller.
Background technology
For enhancing productivity, the size of grain and oil crushing mechanism roll is increasing, diameter reaches more than 800mm, traditional diameter is mainly chrome molybdenum cold hard cast-iron at the grain and oil crushing mechanism skin of the roll of below 600mm, employing rotary casting is shaping, microstructure is made up of carbide and perlite, adopt chrome molybdenum cold hard cast-iron, when centrifugal forming 800mm is with topping roll, because dimension of roller is large, the heat that liquid metal is brought into is many, solidify the casting stress produced with process of cooling, transformation stress and thermal stresses are very large, thus cause crackle and hardness uneven, roll crown difference of hardness is more than 10HSD, cause yield rate low, and wear resistance and toughness are not high, occur in use procedure that body surface peels off.Chinese patent discloses " a kind of centrifugal composite modified indefinite chilled cast iron roller and manufacture method ", it is characterized in that skin of the roll Chemical Composition is (% by weight): C:3.2-3.8%, Ni: 3.8-3.5%, Cr:1.2-1.8%, Mo: 0.2-0.4%, Cu: 0.2-0.5%, Si: 1.0-1.8% Mn < 0.8%, Nb: 0.1-0.3%, Ti:0.05-0.2%, Mg:0.04-0.07%, Y: 0.02-0.05%, Sb: 0.01-0.03%, all the other are Fe and inevitable trace impurity, for improving thermal fatigue property and the lubricity of roll, add more Si and nodularization element Mg, Y shape glomeration graphite, rear Chinese patent again discloses " Ni-Cr-Mo infinitely chilled ductile cast iron and the composite roll " of improvement, it is characterized in that containing C: 2.9-3.7%, Si:0.6-1.2%, Ni:3.0-5.0%, Mo:0.2-0.6%, Cr:1.0-2.0%, Mn:0.4-1.2%, surplus is in the Ni-Cr-Mo infinitely chilled cast iron roll of iron composition, adds 0.03-0.1% B and 0.2-1.5%Nb, but after part of boron dissolves in matrix, increase the fragility of matrix.Foreign patent discloses a kind of containing in the infinitely chilled cast iron roll of Nb, adds the Nb of 0.3-6.0%, improves roller surface hardness and wear resistance, but improves not obvious to toughness.Grain and oil machinery large size roll is different from the Working environment of hot-strip roll, also different to performance requriements, cannot manufacture grain and oil machinery large size roll by the existing production technology of steel rolling roll.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, for the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of large size high-ductility wear-resisting alloy roller, to realize flawless and the uniform object of hardness.
For achieving the above object, roll of the present invention is made up of high-toughness wear-resistant alloy outer and meehanite cast iron internal layer, and wherein outer field Chemical Composition is by mass percentage; Carbon: 3.2-3.6, silicon: < 1.0, manganese: 0.8-2.0, sulphur < 0.05, phosphorus: 0.1-0.3, chromium: 1.2-1.8, nickel: 3.6-4.2, molybdenum: 0.3-0.5, titanium < 0.1, vanadium < 0.2, all the other are iron and inevitable impurity, roll microstructure is made up of carbide, lower bainite and austenite, and wherein austenitic volume fraction is between 10-35%, manufacturing step successively:
(1) steel scrap, vanadium titanium iron, ferrochrome, pure nickel are according to chemical composition prepared burden put into electric furnace and melt, add ferromanganese after melting down, after adjustment composition is qualified, come out of the stove after adding the aluminium deoxidation of the 0.1-0.2% accounting for steel quality.
(2) molten steel of coming out of the stove adopts horizontal centrifuge casting molding machine skin of the roll, and pouring molten steel temperature is 1420-1380 degree.
(3) after skin of the roll casting complete, whizzer continues to rotate, until interior table temperature is cooled to 1170-1120 degree, cast roll internal layer, teeming temperature is 1400-1350 degree.
(4) cool; Roll is cooled to 950-800 degree in mould, roll is taken out from mould air cooling to 400-300 degree, then puts into holding furnace maintenance 5-12 hour, and then takes out air cooling.
(5) by machined for shaping alloy roller obtained finished product.
Its principle of work is: the high tenacity of large size roll of the present invention and high-wearing feature realize by controlling skin of the roll alloy microscopic structure.Obtain the present invention specify the carbide of ratio, lower bainite and austenite by selecting Chemical Composition and optimizing fabrication process parameters, carbide wherein and lower bainite ensure that alloy layer has high hardness and wear resistance, lower bainite is compared with martensite, upper bainite and perlite inherently has good intensity and toughness, coordinate with the austenite of the good toughness of regulation ratio again, further ensure the high tenacity of alloy.
As follows to the selection explanation of skin of the roll alloy composition of the present invention.
Carbon: carbon is the principal element affecting the outer hardness of alloy roller and toughness, during its content height, carbide quantity in tissue, matrix hardness is high, wear resistance is good, but during too high levels, toughness is declined, easily produce in using and peel off, reduce roll working life, therefore carbon content is advisable with 3.2-3.5%.
Nickel: add nickel in skin of the roll alloy, stable austenite, improve hardening capacity, suppress perlite to be formed, increase the Ovshinsky scale of construction in tissue, improve toughness and the uniformity of hardness of alloy roller, prevent from occurring cracking in process of cooling, but add-on is too much, can reduce outer field hardness and wear resistance, and increase the cost of roll.Therefore, suitable nickel add-on is 3.6-4.2%.
Chromium: the chromium added in skin of the roll alloy, stable carbide, hinders the greying of carbide, thus improves the hardness of roll, improves wear resistance.But add-on is too much, can increase the quantity of carbide, increase the fragility of skin of the roll alloy, manufacture and easily occur crackle in use and peel off.Therefore, the add-on of suitable chromium is 1.2-1.8%.
Molybdenum: add a small amount of molybdenum in skin of the roll alloy, can improve hardening capacity, and suppress perlite to be formed, promote the formation of lower bainite, but molybdenum is expensive element, add-on is too much, and will increase roll production cost, suitable molybdenum add-on is 0.3-0.6%.
Manganese: add manganese in skin of the roll alloy, can replace nickel stable austenite, improves hardening capacity, increases austenitic content in tissue, reduces costs, but manganese improves toughness aspect not as nickel, and suitable manganese add-on is 0.8-2.0%.
Silicon: silicon promotes graphite element, adds silicon in skin of the roll alloy, easily promotes the precipitation of graphite, the intensity of infringement roll and toughness, its content reduces as far as possible.Suitable silicone content controls below 1.0%.
Vanadium and titanium: vanadium and titanium are carbides, the carbide fusing point of formation is high, good stability, containing a small amount of vanadium and titanium in skin of the roll alloy, solidified structure refinement can be made, be conducive to carbide suspension, improve intensity and the toughness of roll, improve roll wear resistance.But content is too much, carbide amount increases, the intensity of infringement skin of the roll alloy and toughness.Therefore, suitable content is titanium < 0.1%, vanadium < 0.2%.
Phosphorus: can prevent the generation in roll rotary casting moulding process from ftractureing, but the toughness reducing skin of the roll alloy.The add-on of suitable phosphorus is: 0.1-0.3%.
Sulphur: promote the generation cracking in roll rotary casting moulding process, belong to harmful element, its content reduces as far as possible.Suitable S content controls below 0.05%.
In the manufacturing processed of large size high-toughness wear-resistant roll of the present invention, the method for cooling described in step (4) is the key obtaining qualified product.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages.
1, overcome roll due to size large, too the heat brought into of metal is many for heat, causes the stress that produces in the process solidified and cool very greatly, causes the defect of crackle and Stress non-homogeneity.
2, roll crown difference of hardness is less than 3HSD, skin of the roll hardness and wear resistance high.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace melting, the chemical composition of skin of the roll alloy, in table 1, utilizes cupola melting roll internal layer high-strength gray cast iron.External diameter 800 ㎜ of alloy roller, the gross weight of alloy roller blank about 3.5 tons, its manufacturing technology steps is as follows;
(1) steel scrap, vanadium titanium iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, pure nickel or ferronickel are according to chemical composition prepared burden and put into electric furnace and melt, molten clear after add ferromanganese, after adjusting component is qualified, add account for steel quality 0.20% aluminium deoxidation after come out of the stove;
(2) molten steel of coming out of the stove adopts horizontal centrifuge cast skin of the roll, and pouring molten steel temperature is 1380 DEG C;
(3), after skin of the roll casting complete, whizzer continues to rotate, until when internal surface temperature is cooled to 1170 DEG C, and cast roll internal layer, teeming temperature is 1350 DEG C;
(4), after roll internal layer casting complete, when being cooled to 900 DEG C, putting into holding furnace when roll being taken out from mould air cooling to 400 DEG C and keep 5 hours, then take out air cooling;
(5) shaping alloy roller mechanical workout is obtained finished product.
Table 1 skin of the roll alloy is chemical composition (mass percent)
Roll flawless, roll crown hardness mean value 79HSD, the microstructure of skin of the roll alloy is made up of carbide, lower bainite and austenite, and volume fraction shared by austenite is 20%.Without the phenomenon that body surface peels off in work roll cooling process.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace melting, the chemical composition of skin of the roll alloy, in table 2, utilizes cupola melting roll internal layer high-strength gray cast iron.External diameter 800 ㎜ of alloy roller, the gross weight of alloy roller blank about 3.5 tons, its manufacturing technology steps is as follows;
(1) steel scrap, vanadium titanium iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, pure nickel or ferronickel are according to chemical composition prepared burden and put into electric furnace and melt, molten clear after add ferromanganese, after adjusting component is qualified, add account for steel quality 0.15% aluminium deoxidation after come out of the stove;
(2) molten steel of coming out of the stove adopts horizontal centrifuge cast skin of the roll, and pouring molten steel temperature is 1400 DEG C;
(3), after skin of the roll casting complete, whizzer continues to rotate, until when internal surface temperature is cooled to 1150 DEG C, and cast roll internal layer, teeming temperature is 1370 DEG C;
(4), after roll internal layer casting complete, when being cooled to 850 DEG C, putting into holding furnace when roll being taken out from mould air cooling to 350 DEG C and keep 10 hours, and then take out air cooling;
(5) by machined for shaping alloy roller obtained finished product.
The chemical composition (mass percent) of table 2 skin of the roll alloy
Roll flawless, roll crown hardness mean value 76HSD, difference of hardness is less than 3HSD.The microstructure of skin of the roll alloy is made up of carbide, lower bainite and austenite, and volume fraction shared by austenite is 35%.Roll is in use without the phenomenon that body surface peels off.
Embodiment 3:
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace melting skin of the roll alloy, the chemical composition of skin of the roll alloy, in table 4, utilizes cupola melting roll internal layer high-strength gray cast iron.External diameter 800 ㎜ of alloy roller, the gross weight of alloy roller blank about 3.5 tons, its manufacturing technology steps is as follows:
(1) steel scrap, vanadium titanium iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, pure nickel or ferronickel are according to chemical composition prepared burden and put into electric furnace and melt, molten clear after add ferromanganese, after adjusting component is qualified, add account for steel quality 0.15% aluminium deoxidation after come out of the stove;
(2) molten steel of coming out of the stove adopts horizontal centrifuge cast skin of the roll, and pouring molten steel temperature is 1400 DEG C;
(3), after skin of the roll casting complete, whizzer continues to rotate, until when internal surface temperature is cooled to 1150 DEG C, and cast roll internal layer, teeming temperature is 1370 DEG C;
(4), after roll internal layer casting complete, when being cooled to 800 DEG C, putting into holding furnace when roll being taken out from mould air cooling to 400 DEG C and keep 8 hours, and then take out air cooling;
(5) by machined for shaping alloy roller obtained finished product.
The chemical composition (mass percent) of table 3 skin of the roll alloy
Roll flawless, roll crown hardness mean value 78HSD, difference of hardness is less than 4HSD.The microstructure of skin of the roll alloy is made up of carbide, lower bainite and austenite, and volume fraction shared by austenite is 30%.Roll is the noon body surface phenomenon of peeling off in use.
Embodiment 4:
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace melting skin of the roll alloy, the chemical composition of skin of the roll alloy, in table 4, utilizes cupola melting roll internal layer high-strength gray cast iron.External diameter 800 ㎜ of alloy roller, the gross weight of alloy roller blank about 3.5 tons.
The chemical composition (mass percent) of table 4 skin of the roll alloy
Its manufacturing technology steps is as follows;
(1) steel scrap, vanadium titanium iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, pure nickel or ferronickel are according to chemical composition prepared burden and put into electric furnace and melt, molten clear after add ferromanganese, after adjusting component is qualified, add account for steel quality 0.15% aluminium deoxidation after (2) will come out of the stove molten steel adopt horizontal centrifuge cast skin of the roll, pouring molten steel temperature is 1400 DEG C;
(3), after skin of the roll casting complete, whizzer continues to rotate, until when internal surface temperature is cooled to 1170 DEG C, and cast roll internal layer, teeming temperature is 1400 DEG C;
(4), after roll internal layer casting complete, when being cooled to 850 DEG C, putting into holding furnace when roll being taken out from mould air cooling to 350 DEG C and keep 15 hours, and then take out air cooling;
(5) by machined for shaping alloy roller obtained finished product.
Roll flawless, roll crown hardness mean value 80HSD, difference of hardness is less than 4HSD.The microstructure of skin of the roll alloy is made up of carbide, lower bainite and austenite, and volume fraction shared by austenite is 15%.Roll is in use without the phenomenon that body surface peels off.
Embodiment 5:
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace melting skin of the roll alloy, the chemical composition of skin of the roll alloy, in table 6, utilizes cupola melting roll internal layer high-strength gray cast iron.External diameter 800 ㎜ of alloy roller, the gross weight of alloy roller blank about 3.5 tons, its manufacturing technology steps is as follows:
(1) steel scrap, vanadium titanium iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, pure nickel or ferronickel are according to chemical composition prepared burden put into electric furnace and melt, after melting down, add ferromanganese, after adjusting component is qualified, add account for steel quality 0.15% aluminium deoxidation after come out of the stove;
(2) molten steel of coming out of the stove adopts horizontal centrifugal cast skin of the roll, and pouring molten steel temperature is 1400 DEG C;
(3), after skin of the roll casting complete, whizzer continues to rotate, until when internal surface temperature is cooled to 1130 DEG C, and cast roll internal layer, teeming temperature is 1370 DEG C;
(4), after roll internal layer casting complete, when being cooled to 950 DEG C, putting into holding furnace when roll being taken out from mould air cooling to 400 DEG C and keep 5 hours, and then take out air cooling;
(5) by machined for shaping alloy roller obtained finished product.
The chemical composition (mass percent) of table 5 skin of the roll alloy
Roll flawless, roll crown hardness mean value 77HSD, difference of hardness is less than 4 HSD.The microstructure of skin of the roll alloy is by carbide, lower bainite and austenite structure, and volume fraction shared by austenite is 10%.Roll is in use without the phenomenon that body surface peels off.
Claims (1)
1. the manufacture method of a large size high-ductility wear-resisting alloy roller, roll is made up of high-toughness wear-resistant alloy outer and meehanite cast iron internal layer, wherein outer field Chemical Composition is by mass percentage: carbon: 3.2-3.6, silicon: < 1.0, manganese: 0.8-2.0, sulphur < 0.05, phosphorus: 0.1-0.3, chromium: 1.2-1.8, nickel: 3.6-4.2, molybdenum: 0.3-0.5, titanium < 0.1, vanadium < 0.2, all the other are iron and inevitable impurity, the outer microstructure of roll is by carbide, lower bainite and austenite composition, wherein austenitic volume fraction is between 10-35%, manufacturing step is successively:
(1) steel scrap, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, pure nickel or ferronickel are according to chemical composition prepared burden put into electric furnace and melt, add ferromanganese after melting down, after adjustment composition is qualified, come out of the stove after adding the aluminium deoxidation of the 0.1-0.2% accounting for steel quality;
(2) molten steel of coming out of the stove adopts horizontal centrifuge cast skin of the roll, and pouring molten steel temperature is 1420-1380 degree;
(3), after skin of the roll casting complete, whizzer continues to rotate, until when internal surface temperature is cooled to 1170-1120 to spend, and cast roll internal layer, teeming temperature is 1400-1350 degree;
(4) cool: roll is cooled to 950-800 degree in mould, roll is taken out from mould air cooling to 400-300 degree, then put into holding furnace maintenance 5-12 hour, and then take out air cooling;
(5) by machined for shaping alloy roller obtained finished product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310262052.1A CN104250712A (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2013-06-27 | Method for manufacturing large-size, high-toughness and wear-resistant alloy roller |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310262052.1A CN104250712A (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2013-06-27 | Method for manufacturing large-size, high-toughness and wear-resistant alloy roller |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104250712A true CN104250712A (en) | 2014-12-31 |
Family
ID=52185958
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310262052.1A Pending CN104250712A (en) | 2013-06-27 | 2013-06-27 | Method for manufacturing large-size, high-toughness and wear-resistant alloy roller |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104250712A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105821333A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-03 | 湖北金标通用轧辊有限公司 | Manufacturing method of low-alloy grinding roller |
| CN114737139A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-12 | 华勇略 | Grain grinding roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN114799110A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏钢宝轧辊有限公司 | High-performance roller production process and production device thereof |
| CN115283636A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-04 | 湖北腾升科技股份有限公司 | Niobium-molybdenum chilled alloy composite roller and preparation process thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-06-27 CN CN201310262052.1A patent/CN104250712A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105821333A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-08-03 | 湖北金标通用轧辊有限公司 | Manufacturing method of low-alloy grinding roller |
| CN105821333B (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-07-07 | 湖北金标通用轧辊有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of low-alloy grinding roller |
| CN114737139A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-12 | 华勇略 | Grain grinding roller and preparation method thereof |
| CN114799110A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏钢宝轧辊有限公司 | High-performance roller production process and production device thereof |
| CN114799110B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2024-02-27 | 江苏钢宝轧辊有限公司 | High performance roll apparatus for producing |
| CN115283636A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-04 | 湖北腾升科技股份有限公司 | Niobium-molybdenum chilled alloy composite roller and preparation process thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105618715B (en) | A kind of wear-resistant high speed steel composite roll and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103624084B (en) | Resource-saving type high-boron high-speed steel composite roll and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN103014534B (en) | Cast hot work die steel and processing method thereof | |
| CN103866200B (en) | High-boron high-speed steel combined roller and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN106947908B (en) | A kind of method of continuous casting electroslag production 4Cr5MoSiV1 die steels | |
| CN101705430B (en) | High-speed steel roll and preparation method thereof by centrifugal compounding in electromagnetic field | |
| CN105750529B (en) | A kind of high tungsten high abrasion compound high speed steel roll and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102962423B (en) | Centrifugal high-carbon, high-boron and high-speed steel composite roller shell and fabrication method of combined roller of composite roller shell | |
| CN103014516B (en) | Borated low-alloy high-speed steel roller and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN102851575B (en) | Oxidation-resistant alloying grey cast iron and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102107215B (en) | Resource-saving boron-containing high-speed steel composite roll and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103014495B (en) | High-tenacity high-wear-resistance cold-work die steel and processing method thereof | |
| CN102409267B (en) | Boron-containing high speed steel roller and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106544592A (en) | Obdurability hot die steel and its production method | |
| CN106884126B (en) | A kind of high chromium steel roller and its manufacturing method | |
| CN102851574B (en) | Heatproof alloy vermicular cast iron and method for preparing same | |
| CN103014511B (en) | High-toughness cold-work mould steel and complete processing thereof | |
| CN105522138B (en) | A kind of forged steel roll neck rich chromium cast iron composite roll Processes and apparatus | |
| CN108754068B (en) | High-speed steel roll collar for high-speed wire pre-finish rolling and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102925783A (en) | Method for preparing hypereutectic high chromium white cast iron | |
| CN105397067B (en) | Forged steel roll neck alloy nodular cast iron composite roll manufacturing process and equipment | |
| CN105436475A (en) | Modified manufacturing process for high-chromium cast iron composite roll through forged steel roll neck and equipment | |
| CN105312541A (en) | Improved technique and device for manufacturing nickel-chromium molybdenum alloy cast iron composite roller in forged steel roller neck | |
| CN101773935B (en) | High speed steel compound roll and manufacture method thereof | |
| CN102019294B (en) | Manufacturing method of large-sized high-ductility wear-resisting alloy roller |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20141231 |