CN104862521B - The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good - Google Patents

The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104862521B
CN104862521B CN201510294971.6A CN201510294971A CN104862521B CN 104862521 B CN104862521 B CN 104862521B CN 201510294971 A CN201510294971 A CN 201510294971A CN 104862521 B CN104862521 B CN 104862521B
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China
Prior art keywords
axle sleeve
incubated
welding
built
temperature
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201510294971.6A
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CN104862521A (en
Inventor
栾绍根
朱金华
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Heavy industry Co., Ltd of Jiangsu China
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Heavy Industry Co Ltd Of Jiangsu China
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Priority to CN201610434852.0A priority Critical patent/CN106090014B/en
Priority to CN201510294971.6A priority patent/CN104862521B/en
Priority to CN201610432695.XA priority patent/CN105855810B/en
Publication of CN104862521A publication Critical patent/CN104862521A/en
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Publication of CN104862521B publication Critical patent/CN104862521B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/1065—Grooves on a bearing surface for distributing or collecting the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/003—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/02—Shaping by casting
    • F16C2220/06—Shaping by casting in situ casting or moulding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/24—Shaping by built-up welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
    • F16C2223/16—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding with carbo-nitriding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good, described axle sleeve is cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle sleeve includes copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface-coated has aluminum oxide coating layer, and the axle sleeve cylinder inner surface part beyond degreasing tank surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding, being processed by inside surfacing makes axle sleeve reach higher wearability and fatigue performance, and corresponding fatigue behaviour is also improved；By sleeve outer surface carries out built-up welding, improving the anticorrosion, high temperature resistant of material, axle sleeve carries out subzero treatment and improves its impact resistance and fatigue behaviour.

Description

The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good
Technical field
The present invention relates to the axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good, belongs to technical field of bearings.
Background technology
In parts at the volley, rotating shaft is installed in axis hole, because long-term use can cause between rotating shaft and axis hole Abrasion, is generally arranged on axle sleeve countershaft in rotating shaft and shields, but rotating shaft and axle sleeve during supporting the use also Constantly rubbing, at present, using the mode of oil addition between axle sleeve and rotating shaft to ensure to fill therebetween The lubrication divided, extends rotating shaft and the service life of axle sleeve.Therefore, the fatigue strength of axle sleeve, wearability, intensity, hardness has the highest Requirement, the bearing capacity of current sleeve lining is the highest, reduces the service life of axle sleeve；And processing technique is complicated, processing Efficiency is the lowest.The deficiencies in the prior art cause axle sleeve in use, still have in-convenience in use, or self-lubrication function is not The problem such as perfect, if safeguarding not prompt enough, then can cause axle and axle sleeve heavy wear, the problem even scrapped.
Summary of the invention
The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good, cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle to described axle sleeve Set includes that copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface-coated have aluminum oxide coating layer, in the axle sleeve cylinder beyond degreasing tank surface Surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14-15: Si 3-4, Ni:2-3, Mn:0.8- 0.9, Mo:0.6-0.7, Nb:0.5-0.6, Ti:0.2-0.3, W:0.08-0.09, Al: 0.03-0.04, Zr:0.03-0.04, Ca 0.01-0.02, Ta:0.01-0.02, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
Manufacture described axle sleeve to comprise the following steps: according to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first joined by fine copper molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after fine copper melts, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C and adds chromium-copper intermediate alloy, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C and adds copper silicon intermediate alloy；After furnace temperature be increased to 1240 DEG C add nickel-copper intermediate alloys；After will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refine cleanser, refine cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stirs 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag separates with molten metal, skim, add covering afterwards Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, again skims after standing 40 minutes, and the most countershaft set is poured into a mould；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；The axle sleeve blank obtained carries out heat treatment: first carry out being heated to 750 DEG C by axle sleeve blank, heats up Speed 50 DEG C/h, is incubated 2 hours, carries out Quenching Treatment afterwards, and hardening media is water, is heated from room temperature by axle sleeve after quenching To 550 DEG C, heating rate 75 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, insulation is 3 little Time, after be again cooled to 200 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 9 hours, rear air cooling to room temperature, described refine cleanser Including: aluminum chloride 70%, calcium fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；Described coverture includes: potassium chloride 30%, Borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out carbo-nitriding heat treatment, oozes by force process: temperature 750-760 DEG C model Enclosing, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6%, are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rising nitrogen gesture, to 0.7-0.9%, is incubated 3h, then reduces carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rising nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential and to 1.2-1.6%, is incubated 4h to 0.4-0.5%, rising nitrogen gesture；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process: Control furnace temperature be down to 730 DEG C, be incubated 3h, be cooled to 700 DEG C, be incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；Air cooling is to room temperature；
After carbo-nitriding, workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C, heating rate 100 DEG C/h, it is incubated 3 hours, water-cooled is quenched afterwards Fire, heating base substrate is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C again, and air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature；Base substrate puts into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Go back up to room temperature in atmosphere；
Workpiece cylinder outer surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling； Weld overlay materials is: Zn 10-11%, Ti 6-7%, Ca 1-2%, W 0.7-0.8%, Mn 0.5-0.6%, Cr 0.3-0.4%, Mg 0.05-0.06%, surplus is Al；
Oil groove coats: at oil groove cell body surface-coated aluminum oxide coating layer, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap It is soldered into rear Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10-11%, Ti 8-9%, Si 5-6%, Zn 2-3%, Ca 0.7-0.8%, Cu 0.04-0.05%, Zn 0.02-0.03%, surplus is Ni；
Finished heat treatment: workpiece heat to 500 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, then it is cooled to 300 DEG C of insulations 4 hours, obtain final Axle sleeve.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14: Si 3, Ni:2, Mn:0.8, Mo:0.6, Nb:0.5, Ti:0.2, W:0.08, Al: 0.03, Zr:0.03, Ca 0.01, Ta:0.01, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:15: Si 4, Ni:3, Mn:0.9, Mo:0.7, Nb:0.6, Ti:0.3, W:0.09, Al: 0.04, Zr: 0.04, Ca 0.02, Ta:0.02, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14.5: Si 3.5, Ni:2.5, Mn:0.85, Mo:0.65, Nb:0.55, Ti:0.25, W:0.085, Al: 0.035, Zr:0.035, Ca 0.015, Ta:0.015, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, carries out built-up welding to workpiece cylinder outer surface, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C Preheating, during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, overlay cladding thickness For 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Zn 10%, Ti 6%, Ca 1%, W 0.7%, Mn 0.5%, Cr 0.3%, Mg 0.05%, surplus is Al.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, carries out built-up welding to workpiece cylinder outer surface, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C Preheating, during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, overlay cladding thickness For 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Zn 11%, Ti 7%, Ca 2%, W 0.8%, Mn 0.6%, Cr 0.4%, Mg 0.06%, surplus is Al.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, carries out built-up welding to workpiece cylinder outer surface, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C Preheating, during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, overlay cladding thickness For 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Zn 10.5%, Ti 6.5%, Ca 1.5%, W 0.75%, Mn 0.55%, Cr 0.35%, Mg 0.055%, surplus is Al.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, carries out heap to the cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface Weldering, bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10%, Ti 8%, Si 5%, Zn 2%, Ca 0.7%, Cu 0.04%, Zn 0.02%, surplus is Ni.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, carries out heap to the cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface Weldering, bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 11%, Ti 9%, Si 6%, Zn 3%, Ca 0.8%, Cu 0.05%, Zn 0.03%, surplus is Ni.
The axle sleeve that described a kind of lubricity is good, carries out heap to the cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface Weldering, bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10.5%, Ti 8.5%, Si 5.5%, Zn 2.5%, Ca 0.75%, Cu 0.045%, Zn 0.025%, surplus is Ni.
The manufacture method of the axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good, cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers described axle sleeve Laterally oil groove, axle sleeve includes copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, and oil groove cell body surface-coated has aluminum oxide coating layer, beyond degreasing tank surface Axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14-15: Si 3-4, Ni:2-3, Mn:0.8- 0.9, Mo:0.6-0.7, Nb:0.5-0.6, Ti:0.2-0.3, W:0.08-0.09, Al: 0.03-0.04, Zr:0.03-0.04, Ca 0.01-0.02, Ta:0.01-0.02, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
Manufacture described axle sleeve to comprise the following steps: according to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first joined by fine copper molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after fine copper melts, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C and adds chromium-copper intermediate alloy, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C and adds copper silicon intermediate alloy；After furnace temperature be increased to 1240 DEG C add nickel-copper intermediate alloys；After will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refine cleanser, refine cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stirs 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag separates with molten metal, skim, add covering afterwards Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, again skims after standing 40 minutes, and the most countershaft set is poured into a mould；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；The axle sleeve blank obtained carries out heat treatment: first carry out being heated to 750 DEG C by axle sleeve blank, heats up Speed 50 DEG C/h, is incubated 2 hours, carries out Quenching Treatment afterwards, and hardening media is water, is heated from room temperature by axle sleeve after quenching To 550 DEG C, heating rate 75 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, insulation is 3 little Time, after be again cooled to 200 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 9 hours, rear air cooling to room temperature, described refine cleanser Including: aluminum chloride 70%, calcium fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；Described coverture includes: potassium chloride 30%, Borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out carbo-nitriding heat treatment, oozes by force process: temperature 750-760 DEG C model Enclosing, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6%, are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rising nitrogen gesture, to 0.7-0.9%, is incubated 3h, then reduces carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rising nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential and to 1.2-1.6%, is incubated 4h to 0.4-0.5%, rising nitrogen gesture；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process: Control furnace temperature be down to 730 DEG C, be incubated 3h, be cooled to 700 DEG C, be incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；Air cooling is to room temperature；
After carbo-nitriding, workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C, heating rate 100 DEG C/h, it is incubated 3 hours, water-cooled is quenched afterwards Fire, heating base substrate is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C again, and air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature；Base substrate puts into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Go back up to room temperature in atmosphere；
Workpiece cylinder outer surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling； Weld overlay materials is: Zn 10-11%, Ti 6-7%, Ca 1-2%, W 0.7-0.8%, Mn 0.5-0.6%, Cr 0.3-0.4%, Mg 0.05-0.06%, surplus is Al；
Oil groove coats: at oil groove cell body surface-coated aluminum oxide coating layer, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap It is soldered into rear Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10-11%, Ti 8-9%, Si 5-6%, Zn 2-3%, Ca 0.7-0.8%, Cu 0.04-0.05%, Zn 0.02-0.03%, surplus is Ni；
Finished heat treatment: workpiece heat to 500 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, then it is cooled to 300 DEG C of insulations 4 hours, obtain final Axle sleeve.
Oil groove cell body cross section becomes semicircle or rectangle,
The carbo-nitriding carrying out workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface also includes cylinder inner surface oil groove cell body surface.
Foregoing invention content having the beneficial effects that relative to prior art: 1) by shaft sleeve oil groove cell body surface is carried out Applying coating improves cell body decay resistance；2) copper-based alloy material of the present invention fully meet axle sleeve material of main part intensity want Ask；3) countershaft set carries out multistage gradient carbo-nitriding heat treatment and improves hardness and the intensity fatigue behaviour of axle sleeve, it is to avoid occur splitting Stricture of vagina；4) making axle sleeve reach higher wearability and fatigue performance by inside surfacing process, corresponding fatigue behaviour is also It is improved；5) by sleeve outer surface being carried out built-up welding, the anticorrosion, high temperature resistant of material is improved.6) axle sleeve carries out subzero treatment Improve its impact resistance and fatigue behaviour.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is axle sleeve front view；
Fig. 2 is axle sleeve top view.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to the technical characteristic of the present invention, purpose and effect are more clearly understood from, now describe the present invention's in detail Detailed description of the invention.
The axle sleeve that lubricity is good as shown in Figure 1-2, cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove to axle sleeve (1), oil groove offering oilhole (2), oil groove cell body surface-coated has aluminum oxide coating layer (not shown), beyond degreasing tank surface Axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding (3), and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding (4).
Embodiment 1
The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good: cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle to described axle sleeve Set includes that copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface-coated have aluminum oxide coating layer, in the axle sleeve cylinder beyond degreasing tank surface Surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14: Si 3, Ni:2, Mn:0.8, Mo: 0.6, Nb:0.5, Ti:0.2, W:0.08, Al: 0.03, Zr:0.03, Ca 0.01, Ta:0.01, remaining Amount is Cu and inevitable impurity；
Manufacture described axle sleeve to comprise the following steps: according to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first joined by fine copper molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after fine copper melts, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C and adds chromium-copper intermediate alloy, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C and adds copper silicon intermediate alloy；After furnace temperature be increased to 1240 DEG C add nickel-copper intermediate alloys；After will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refine cleanser, refine cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stirs 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag separates with molten metal, skim, add covering afterwards Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, again skims after standing 40 minutes, and the most countershaft set is poured into a mould；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；The axle sleeve blank obtained carries out heat treatment: first carry out being heated to 750 DEG C by axle sleeve blank, heats up Speed 50 DEG C/h, is incubated 2 hours, carries out Quenching Treatment afterwards, and hardening media is water, is heated from room temperature by axle sleeve after quenching To 550 DEG C, heating rate 75 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, insulation is 3 little Time, after be again cooled to 200 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 9 hours, rear air cooling to room temperature, described refine cleanser Including: aluminum chloride 70%, calcium fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；Described coverture includes: potassium chloride 30%, Borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out carbo-nitriding heat treatment, oozes by force process: temperature 750-760 DEG C model Enclosing, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6%, are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rising nitrogen gesture, to 0.7-0.9%, is incubated 3h, then reduces carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rising nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential and to 1.2-1.6%, is incubated 4h to 0.4-0.5%, rising nitrogen gesture；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process: Control furnace temperature be down to 730 DEG C, be incubated 3h, be cooled to 700 DEG C, be incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；Air cooling is to room temperature；
After carbo-nitriding, workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C, heating rate 100 DEG C/h, it is incubated 3 hours, water-cooled is quenched afterwards Fire, heating base substrate is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C again, and air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature；Base substrate puts into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Go back up to room temperature in atmosphere；
Workpiece cylinder outer surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling； Weld overlay materials is: Zn 10%, Ti 6%, Ca 1%, W 0.7%, Mn 0.5%, Cr 0.3%, Mg 0.05%, and surplus is Al；
Oil groove coats: at oil groove cell body surface-coated aluminum oxide coating layer, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap It is soldered into rear Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10%, Ti 8%, Si 5%, Zn 2%, Ca 0.7%, Cu 0.04%, Zn 0.02%, surplus is Ni；
Finished heat treatment: workpiece heat to 500 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, then it is cooled to 300 DEG C of insulations 4 hours, obtain final Axle sleeve.
Embodiment 2
The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good: cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle to described axle sleeve Set includes that copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface-coated have aluminum oxide coating layer, in the axle sleeve cylinder beyond degreasing tank surface Surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:15: Si:4, Ni:3, Mn:0.9, Mo: 0.7, Nb:0.6, Ti:0.3, W:0.09, Al: 0.04, Zr:0.04, Ca 0.02, Ta: 0.02, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
Manufacture described axle sleeve to comprise the following steps: according to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first joined by fine copper molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after fine copper melts, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C and adds chromium-copper intermediate alloy, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C and adds copper silicon intermediate alloy；After furnace temperature be increased to 1240 DEG C add nickel-copper intermediate alloys；After will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refine cleanser, refine cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stirs 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag separates with molten metal, skim, add covering afterwards Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, again skims after standing 40 minutes, and the most countershaft set is poured into a mould；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；The axle sleeve blank obtained carries out heat treatment: first carry out being heated to 750 DEG C by axle sleeve blank, heats up Speed 50 DEG C/h, is incubated 2 hours, carries out Quenching Treatment afterwards, and hardening media is water, is heated from room temperature by axle sleeve after quenching To 550 DEG C, heating rate 75 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, insulation is 3 little Time, after be again cooled to 200 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 9 hours, rear air cooling to room temperature, described refine cleanser Including: aluminum chloride 70%, calcium fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；Described coverture includes: potassium chloride 30%, Borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out carbo-nitriding heat treatment, oozes by force process: temperature 750-760 DEG C model Enclosing, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6%, are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rising nitrogen gesture, to 0.7-0.9%, is incubated 3h, then reduces carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rising nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential and to 1.2-1.6%, is incubated 4h to 0.4-0.5%, rising nitrogen gesture；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process: Control furnace temperature be down to 730 DEG C, be incubated 3h, be cooled to 700 DEG C, be incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；Air cooling is to room temperature；
After carbo-nitriding, workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C, heating rate 100 DEG C/h, it is incubated 3 hours, water-cooled is quenched afterwards Fire, heating base substrate is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C again, and air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature；Base substrate puts into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Go back up to room temperature in atmosphere；
Workpiece cylinder outer surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling； Weld overlay materials is: Zn 11%, Ti 7%, Ca 2%, W 0.8%, Mn 0.6%, Cr 0.4%, Mg 0.06%, and surplus is Al；
Oil groove coats: at oil groove cell body surface-coated aluminum oxide coating layer, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap It is soldered into rear Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 11%, Ti 9%, Si 6%, Zn 3%, Ca 0.8%, Cu 0.05%, Zn 0.03%, surplus is Ni；
Finished heat treatment: workpiece heat to 500 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, then it is cooled to 300 DEG C of insulations 4 hours, obtain final Axle sleeve.
Embodiment 3
The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good: cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle to described axle sleeve Set includes that copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface-coated have aluminum oxide coating layer, in the axle sleeve cylinder beyond degreasing tank surface Surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14.5: Si 3.5, Ni:2.5, Mn:0.85, Mo:0.65, Nb:0.55, Ti:0.25, W:0.085, Al: 0.035, Zr:0.035, Ca 0.015, Ta: 0.015, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
Manufacture described axle sleeve to comprise the following steps: according to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first joined by fine copper molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after fine copper melts, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C and adds chromium-copper intermediate alloy, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C and adds copper silicon intermediate alloy；After furnace temperature be increased to 1240 DEG C add nickel-copper intermediate alloys；After will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refine cleanser, refine cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stirs 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag separates with molten metal, skim, add covering afterwards Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, again skims after standing 40 minutes, and the most countershaft set is poured into a mould；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；The axle sleeve blank obtained carries out heat treatment: first carry out being heated to 750 DEG C by axle sleeve blank, heats up Speed 50 DEG C/h, is incubated 2 hours, carries out Quenching Treatment afterwards, and hardening media is water, is heated from room temperature by axle sleeve after quenching To 550 DEG C, heating rate 75 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, insulation is 3 little Time, after be again cooled to 200 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 9 hours, rear air cooling to room temperature, described refine cleanser Including: aluminum chloride 70%, calcium fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；Described coverture includes: potassium chloride 30%, Borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out carbo-nitriding heat treatment, oozes by force process: temperature 750-760 DEG C model Enclosing, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6%, are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rising nitrogen gesture, to 0.7-0.9%, is incubated 3h, then reduces carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rising nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential and to 1.2-1.6%, is incubated 4h to 0.4-0.5%, rising nitrogen gesture；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process: Control furnace temperature be down to 730 DEG C, be incubated 3h, be cooled to 700 DEG C, be incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；Air cooling is to room temperature；
After carbo-nitriding, workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C, heating rate 100 DEG C/h, it is incubated 3 hours, water-cooled is quenched afterwards Fire, heating base substrate is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C again, and air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature；Base substrate puts into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Go back up to room temperature in atmosphere；
Workpiece cylinder outer surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling； Weld overlay materials is: Zn 10.5%, Ti 6.5%, Ca 1.5%, W 0.75%, Mn 0.55%, Cr 0.35%, Mg 0.055%, remaining Amount is Al；
Oil groove coats: at oil groove cell body surface-coated aluminum oxide coating layer, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap It is soldered into rear Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10.5%, Ti 8.5%, Si 5.5%, Zn 2.5%, Ca 0.75%, Cu 0.045%, Zn 0.025%, surplus is Ni；
Finished heat treatment: workpiece heat to 500 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, then it is cooled to 300 DEG C of insulations 4 hours, obtain final Axle sleeve.
Embodiment 4
The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good: cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle to described axle sleeve Set includes that copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface-coated have aluminum oxide coating layer, in the axle sleeve cylinder beyond degreasing tank surface Surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14.3: Si 3.1, Ni:2.2, Mn:0.83, Mo:0.63, Nb:0.54, Ti:0.23, W:0.083, Al: 0.032, Zr:0.031, Ca 0.012, Ta: 0.013, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
Manufacture described axle sleeve to comprise the following steps: according to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first joined by fine copper molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after fine copper melts, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C and adds chromium-copper intermediate alloy, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C and adds copper silicon intermediate alloy；After furnace temperature be increased to 1240 DEG C add nickel-copper intermediate alloys；After will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refine cleanser, refine cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stirs 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag separates with molten metal, skim, add covering afterwards Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, again skims after standing 40 minutes, and the most countershaft set is poured into a mould；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；The axle sleeve blank obtained carries out heat treatment: first carry out being heated to 750 DEG C by axle sleeve blank, heats up Speed 50 DEG C/h, is incubated 2 hours, carries out Quenching Treatment afterwards, and hardening media is water, is heated from room temperature by axle sleeve after quenching To 550 DEG C, heating rate 75 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, insulation is 3 little Time, after be again cooled to 200 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 9 hours, rear air cooling to room temperature, described refine cleanser Including: aluminum chloride 70%, calcium fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；Described coverture includes: potassium chloride 30%, Borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out carbo-nitriding heat treatment, oozes by force process: temperature 750-760 DEG C model Enclosing, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6%, are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rising nitrogen gesture, to 0.7-0.9%, is incubated 3h, then reduces carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rising nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential and to 1.2-1.6%, is incubated 4h to 0.4-0.5%, rising nitrogen gesture；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process: Control furnace temperature be down to 730 DEG C, be incubated 3h, be cooled to 700 DEG C, be incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；Air cooling is to room temperature；
After carbo-nitriding, workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C, heating rate 100 DEG C/h, it is incubated 3 hours, water-cooled is quenched afterwards Fire, heating base substrate is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C again, and air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature；Base substrate puts into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Go back up to room temperature in atmosphere；
Workpiece cylinder outer surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling； Weld overlay materials is: Zn 10.2%, Ti 6.1%, Ca 1.2%, W 0.73%, Mn 0.54%, Cr 0.33%, Mg 0.052%, remaining Amount is Al；
Oil groove coats: at oil groove cell body surface-coated aluminum oxide coating layer, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap It is soldered into rear Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10.3%, Ti 8.2%, Si 5.3%, Zn 2.4%, Ca 0.74%, Cu 0.043%, Zn 0.022%, surplus is Ni；
Finished heat treatment: workpiece heat to 500 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, then it is cooled to 300 DEG C of insulations 4 hours, obtain final Axle sleeve.
Embodiment 5
The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good: cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle to described axle sleeve Set includes that copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface-coated have aluminum oxide coating layer, in the axle sleeve cylinder beyond degreasing tank surface Surface has nickel alloy overlay cladding, and axle sleeve cylinder inner surface has aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14.8: Si 3.9, Ni:2.6, Mn:0.86, Mo:0.67, Nb:0.57, Ti:0.28, W:0.089, Al: 0.039, Zr:0.036, Ca 0.016, Ta: 0.017, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
Manufacture described axle sleeve to comprise the following steps: according to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first joined by fine copper molten In furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1180 DEG C, and after fine copper melts, copper melt temperature is raised to 1200 DEG C and adds chromium-copper intermediate alloy, after Furnace temperature is increased to 1220 DEG C and adds copper silicon intermediate alloy；After furnace temperature be increased to 1240 DEG C add nickel-copper intermediate alloys；After will Furnace temperature is increased to 1260 DEG C and adds other alloying elements, and rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refine cleanser, refine cleanser Addition is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stirs 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treats that slag separates with molten metal, skim, add covering afterwards Agent, the total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, again skims after standing 40 minutes, and the most countershaft set is poured into a mould；Cast Temperature is 1200 DEG C；The axle sleeve blank obtained carries out heat treatment: first carry out being heated to 750 DEG C by axle sleeve blank, heats up Speed 50 DEG C/h, is incubated 2 hours, carries out Quenching Treatment afterwards, and hardening media is water, is heated from room temperature by axle sleeve after quenching To 550 DEG C, heating rate 75 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, insulation is 3 little Time, after be again cooled to 200 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 9 hours, rear air cooling to room temperature, described refine cleanser Including: aluminum chloride 70%, calcium fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；Described coverture includes: potassium chloride 30%, Borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out carbo-nitriding heat treatment, oozes by force process: temperature 750-760 DEG C model Enclosing, carbon potential and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6%, are incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 1.0- 1.1%, rising nitrogen gesture, to 0.7-0.9%, is incubated 3h, then reduces carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, rising nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, insulation 4h, finally reduces carbon potential and to 1.2-1.6%, is incubated 4h to 0.4-0.5%, rising nitrogen gesture；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process: Control furnace temperature be down to 730 DEG C, be incubated 3h, be cooled to 700 DEG C, be incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, Nitrogen potential control is between 1.1-1.2%；Air cooling is to room temperature；
After carbo-nitriding, workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C, heating rate 100 DEG C/h, it is incubated 3 hours, water-cooled is quenched afterwards Fire, heating base substrate is incubated 5 hours at 400 DEG C again, and air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature；Base substrate puts into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, Go back up to room temperature in atmosphere；
Workpiece cylinder outer surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；, built-up welding complete after Slow cooling； Weld overlay materials is: Zn 10.8%, Ti 6.8%, Ca 1.9%, W 0.76%, Mn 0.57%, Cr 0.37%, Mg 0.058%, remaining Amount is Al；
Oil groove coats: at oil groove cell body surface-coated aluminum oxide coating layer, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, heap During weldering, electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；, heap It is soldered into rear Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10.6%, Ti 8.7%, Si 5.7%, Zn 2.8%, Ca 0.78%, Cu 0.049%, Zn 0.027%, surplus is Ni；
Finished heat treatment: workpiece heat to 500 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, then it is cooled to 300 DEG C of insulations 4 hours, obtain final Axle sleeve.

Claims (1)

1. the axle sleeve that lubricity is good, cylindrically, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface offers horizontal oil groove, axle sleeve to described axle sleeve Including copper alloy shaft sleeve main body, oil groove cell body surface-coated has aluminum oxide coating layer, table in the axle sleeve cylinder beyond degreasing tank surface Mask has nickel alloy overlay cladding, axle sleeve cylinder inner surface to have aluminium alloy overlay cladding,
Copper alloy chemical composition be (percentage by weight): Cr:14-15: Si 3-4, Ni:2-3, Mn:0.8-0.9, Mo:0.6-0.7, Nb:0.5-0.6, Ti:0.2-0.3, W:0.08-0.09, Al: 0.03-0.04, Zr:0.03- 0.04, Ca 0.01-0.02, Ta:0.01-0.02, surplus is Cu and inevitable impurity；
Manufacture described axle sleeve to comprise the following steps: according to above-mentioned copper alloy chemical composition dispensing, first fine copper is joined smelting furnace In, Control for Kiln Temperature at 1180 DEG C, until fine copper melt after, copper melt temperature be raised to 1200 DEG C add chromium-copper intermediate alloys, after by stove Temperature rise to 1220 DEG C adds copper silicon intermediate alloy；After furnace temperature be increased to 1240 DEG C add nickel-copper intermediate alloys；After by furnace temperature Being increased to 1260 DEG C and add other alloying elements, rear furnace temperature is increased to 1280 DEG C, adds refine cleanser, and refine cleanser adds Amount is the 0.9% of furnace charge amount, stirs 50 minutes, stands 100 minutes, treat that slag separates with molten metal, skim, adds coverture afterwards, The total addition of coverture is the 0.6% of furnace charge amount, again skims after standing 40 minutes, and the most countershaft set is poured into a mould；Cast temperature Degree is 1200 DEG C；The axle sleeve blank obtained carries out heat treatment: first carry out being heated to 750 DEG C by axle sleeve blank, and heat up speed Rate 50 DEG C/h, is incubated 2 hours, carries out Quenching Treatment afterwards, and hardening media is water, is heated to from room temperature by axle sleeve after quenching 550 DEG C, heating rate 75 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, after be cooled to 300 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 3 hours, After be again cooled to 200 DEG C, rate of temperature fall 50 DEG C/h, be incubated 9 hours, rear air cooling to room temperature, described refine cleanser by with Lower material forms: aluminum chloride 70%, calcium fluoride 10%, prodan 10%, silica 1 0%；Described coverture is by following thing Matter forms: potassium chloride 30%, Borax 20%, sodium fluoride 20%, calcium chloride 20%, sodium chloride 10%；
Workpiece cylinder inner surface and outer surface are carried out carbo-nitriding heat treatment, oozes by force process: temperature 750-760 DEG C scope, carbon Gesture and nitrogen gesture take level Four step, carbon potential 1.2-1.4%, nitrogen gesture 0.4-0.6%, are incubated 3h, and then reduction carbon potential is to 1.0-1.1%, Raise nitrogen gesture to 0.7-0.9%, be incubated 3h, then reduce carbon potential to 0.7-0.9%, raise nitrogen gesture to 1.0-1.1%, be incubated 4h, finally Reduce carbon potential and to 1.2-1.6%, be incubated 4h to 0.4-0.5%, rising nitrogen gesture；It is diffused after oozing by force, diffusion process: control furnace temperature Degree be down to 730 DEG C, be incubated 3h, be cooled to 700 DEG C, be incubated 4h, diffusion process carbon-potential control between 0.9-1.0%, nitrogen potential control Between 1.1-1.2%；Air cooling is to room temperature；
After carbo-nitriding, workpiece is warming up to 650 DEG C, heating rate 100 DEG C/h, it is incubated 3 hours, water hardening afterwards, then Secondary heating base substrate is incubated 5 hours to 400 DEG C, and air cooling of coming out of the stove is to room temperature；Base substrate puts into subzero treatment 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, at air In go back up to room temperature；
Workpiece cylinder outer surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 210 DEG C of preheatings, and during built-up welding, electric current is 55A, and voltage is 12V, Built-up welding speed is 13mm/s, and argon flow amount is 13L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 2.5mm；Built-up welding complete after Slow cooling；Built-up welding Layer material is: Zn 10-11%, Ti 6-7%, Ca 1-2%, W 0.7-0.8%, Mn 0.5-0.6%, Cr 0.3-0.4%, Mg 0.05-0.06%, surplus is Al；
Oil groove coats: at oil groove cell body surface-coated aluminum oxide coating layer, coating layer thickness 0.3mm,
Cylinder inner surface beyond workpiece degreasing tank cell body surface is carried out built-up welding, and bead-welding technology is: 180 DEG C of preheatings, during built-up welding, Electric current is 67A, and voltage is 12V, and built-up welding speed is 9mm/s, and argon flow amount is 9L/min, and overlay cladding thickness is 3mm；Built-up welding completes Rear Slow cooling；Weld overlay materials is: Cr 10-11%, Ti 8-9%, Si 5-6%, Zn 2-3%, Ca 0.7-0.8%, Cu 0.04-0.05%, Zn 0.02-0.03%, surplus is Ni；
Finished heat treatment: workpiece heat to 500 DEG C is incubated 3 hours, then it is cooled to 300 DEG C of insulations 4 hours, obtain final axle Set.
CN201510294971.6A 2015-06-02 2015-06-02 The axle sleeve that a kind of lubricity is good Expired - Fee Related CN104862521B (en)

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