CN105853697A - 一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105853697A
CN105853697A CN201610288246.2A CN201610288246A CN105853697A CN 105853697 A CN105853697 A CN 105853697A CN 201610288246 A CN201610288246 A CN 201610288246A CN 105853697 A CN105853697 A CN 105853697A
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何佑兵
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂及其制备方法，治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂的原料包括：蝉蜕10‑20份、山栀子10‑20份、地骨皮4‑6份、钩藤2‑4份、青黛3‑5份、知母3‑5份、地黄20‑30份、白薇20‑30份、穿心莲10‑20份、连翘10‑20份、桑叶10‑15份、夏枯草10‑15份、合欢皮8‑12份、黄芪8‑12份、黄芩8‑12份、柴胡10‑20份、功劳木10‑20份、川芎6‑8份、莱菔子6‑8份、枸杞子10‑15份、金银花20‑30份、广藿香20‑30份、薄荷15‑25份、甘草15‑25份、玳瑁15‑25份、蒲公英15‑25份、板蓝根10‑20份、桂枝4‑6份、赤芍4‑6份、僵蚕3‑5份、荆芥3‑5份、冰片1‑3份、桃仁1‑2份。本发明中不同的中药材的不同处理方式，最大限度地保留有效成分，减少了原料浪费，节约了成本，制作方便，对感冒发烧治愈效果好，发烧不容易反复，毒副作用小。

Description

一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制备技术领域，具体是一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
祖国医学认为，小儿形体未充，肌腠疏薄，卫外功能不固，加以对气候的变化尚未能很好的适应，故易为外邪外侵，而引起发烧。现代医学认为，发烧是人体抵御疾病的一种反应，引起幼儿发烧的病原微生物主要有细菌、病毒及支原体、衣原体。确切发病机制尚不完全清楚，是多种因素综合作用的结果，免疫功能低下被认为是发病的重要原因之一。现有技术中对小儿发烧的治疗方法研究大致为(1)物理降温，如温水或酒精擦浴、冰袋降温、生理盐水灌肠等；(2)药物降温，如口服退热药、安乃近滴鼻或肌肉注射、静脉滴注地塞米松等药物，同时服用抗生物药物来治疗感染；(3)中药疗法：如口服中药制剂、中药外敷等。上述的治疗方式均存在较多缺陷，物理降温或单纯中药效果较差，通过不能够有效迅速的降低体温，退热后不久又出现体温回升，体温波动较大。抗生素治疗主要采用口服给药或肌肉注射、静脉滴注两大途径。患儿口服抗生素常会引起胃肠道反应，严重的还会引起过敏反应等毒副作用，同时患儿服药较困难，难以操作，肌注或静脉滴注抗生素，风险大，操作难度高，患儿哭闹不安，极不配合。
小儿脏腑娇嫩，肌肤藩篱不密，卫外机能不固，加之寒暖不知自调，常因四时气候骤变，冷暖失常，外邪乘虚而入发为本病；又由于小儿为“纯阳之体”“阳常有余，阴常不足”，外感时邪，易于化热，故临床以热证最为多见，迅速退热是其主要治疗目的。小儿脾常不足，脾胃虚弱，纳运失常，气血生化乏源，土不生金，肺气亦虚，易于外感。反复外感，久病伤肾，肾为元阳之根，肾气虚更致肺脾不足。形成恶性循环。由此可见，治疗本病应当益肺健脾补肾，益气固表。以益气为主，肾气充足，脾胃健运，则培土生金，金水相生功能恢复正常。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无毒无害、价格低廉的治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕10-20份、山栀子10-20份、地骨皮4-6份、钩藤2-4份、青黛3-5份、知母3-5份、地黄20-30份、白薇20-30份、穿心莲10-20份、连翘10-20份、桑叶10-15份、夏枯草10-15份、合欢皮8-12份、黄芪8-12份、黄芩8-12份、柴胡10-20份、功劳木10-20份、川芎6-8份、莱菔子6-8份、枸杞子10-15份、金银花20-30份、广藿香20-30份、薄荷15-25份、甘草15-25份、玳瑁15-25份、蒲公英15-25份、板蓝根10-20份、桂枝4-6份、赤芍4-6份、僵蚕3-5份、荆芥3-5份、冰片1-3份、桃仁1-2份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕12-18份、山栀子12-18份、地骨皮4.5-5.5份、钩藤2.5-3.5份、青黛3.5-4.5份、知母3.5-4.5份、地黄22-28份、白薇22-28份、穿心莲12-18份、连翘12-18份、桑叶11-14份、夏枯草11-14份、合欢皮9-11份、黄芪9-11份、黄芩9-11份、柴胡12-18份、功劳木12-18份、川芎6.5-7.5份、莱菔子6.5-7.5份、枸杞子11-14份、金银花22-28份、广藿香22-28份、薄荷18-22份、甘草18-22份、玳瑁18-22份、蒲公英18-22份、板蓝根12-18份、桂枝4.5-5.5份、赤芍4.5-5.5份、僵蚕3.5-4.5份、荆芥3.5-4.5份、冰片1.5-2.5份、桃仁1.2-1.8份。
作为本发明再进一步的方案：所述治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕15份、山栀子15份、地骨皮5份、钩藤3份、青黛4份、知母4份、地黄25份、白薇25份、穿心莲15份、连翘15份、桑叶12份、夏枯草12份、合欢皮10份、黄芪10份、黄芩10份、柴胡15份、功劳木15份、川芎7份、莱菔子7份、枸杞子12份、金银花25份、广藿香25份、薄荷20份、甘草20份、玳瑁20份、蒲公英20份、板蓝根15份、桂枝5份、赤芍5份、僵蚕4份、荆芥4份、冰片2份、桃仁1.5份。
所述治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)按照重量份称取各原料；
(2)取蝉蜕、知母、僵蚕和冰片，混合后粉碎过100-200目筛，得到细粉备用；
(3)取山栀子、地骨皮、钩藤、金银花、白薇、穿心莲、连翘、桑叶、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、桂枝、赤芍、荆芥、夏枯草、合欢皮、黄芪和黄芩混合均匀，加3-7倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1-2h，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加滤渣2-4倍重量的水，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮20-40min，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.1-1.2g/ml的浸膏；
(4)取青黛、地黄、柴胡、功劳木、川芎、莱菔子、枸杞子、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根和桃仁，加相对于混合物3-5倍重量75-85％的乙醇，回流提取2次，每次0.5-1h，提取液合并，浓缩至密度为1.1-1.2g/ml的清膏；
(5)将所述浸膏和清膏混合均匀，再加入步骤(2)得到的细粉，搅拌均匀后放置于60-80℃的环境下烘干，粉碎后得到粉剂成品。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明中不同的中药材的不同处理方式，最大限度地保留有效成分，减少了原料浪费，节约了成本，制作方便，对感冒发烧治愈效果好，发烧不容易反复，毒副作用小。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕10份、山栀子10份、地骨皮4份、钩藤2份、青黛3份、知母3份、地黄20份、白薇20份、穿心莲10份、连翘10份、桑叶10份、夏枯草10份、合欢皮8份、黄芪8份、黄芩8份、柴胡10份、功劳木10份、川芎6份、莱菔子6份、枸杞子10份、金银花20份、广藿香20份、薄荷15份、甘草15份、玳瑁15份、蒲公英15份、板蓝根10份、桂枝4份、赤芍4份、僵蚕3份、荆芥3份、冰片1份、桃仁1份。
所述治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)按照重量份称取各原料；
(2)取蝉蜕、知母、僵蚕和冰片，混合后粉碎过100目筛，得到细粉备用；
(3)取山栀子、地骨皮、钩藤、金银花、白薇、穿心莲、连翘、桑叶、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、桂枝、赤芍、荆芥、夏枯草、合欢皮、黄芪和黄芩混合均匀，加3倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1h，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加滤渣2倍重量的水，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮20min，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.1g/ml的浸膏；
(4)取青黛、地黄、柴胡、功劳木、川芎、莱菔子、枸杞子、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根和桃仁，加相对于混合物3倍重量75％的乙醇，回流提取2次，每次0.5h，提取液合并，浓缩至密度为1.1g/ml的清膏；
(5)将所述浸膏和清膏混合均匀，再加入步骤(2)得到的细粉，搅拌均匀后放置于60℃的环境下烘干，粉碎后得到粉剂成品。
实施例2
一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕12份、山栀子12份、地骨皮4.5份、钩藤2.5份、青黛3.5份、知母3.5份、地黄22份、白薇22份、穿心莲12份、连翘12份、桑叶11份、夏枯草11份、合欢皮9份、黄芪9份、黄芩9份、柴胡12份、功劳木12份、川芎6.5份、莱菔子6.5份、枸杞子11份、金银花22份、广藿香22份、薄荷18份、甘草18份、玳瑁18份、蒲公英18份、板蓝根12份、桂枝4.5份、赤芍4.5份、僵蚕3.5份、荆芥3.5份、冰片1.5份、桃仁1.2份。
所述治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)按照重量份称取各原料；
(2)取蝉蜕、知母、僵蚕和冰片，混合后粉碎过120目筛，得到细粉备用；
(3)取山栀子、地骨皮、钩藤、金银花、白薇、穿心莲、连翘、桑叶、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、桂枝、赤芍、荆芥、夏枯草、合欢皮、黄芪和黄芩混合均匀，加4倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1.2h，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加滤渣2.5倍重量的水，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮25min，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.12g/ml的浸膏；
(4)取青黛、地黄、柴胡、功劳木、川芎、莱菔子、枸杞子、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根和桃仁，加相对于混合物3.5倍重量78％的乙醇，回流提取2次，每次0.6h，提取液合并，浓缩至密度为1.12g/ml的清膏；
(5)将所述浸膏和清膏混合均匀，再加入步骤(2)得到的细粉，搅拌均匀后放置于65℃的环境下烘干，粉碎后得到粉剂成品。
实施例3
一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕15份、山栀子15份、地骨皮5份、钩藤3份、青黛4份、知母4份、地黄25份、白薇25份、穿心莲15份、连翘15份、桑叶12份、夏枯草12份、合欢皮10份、黄芪10份、黄芩10份、柴胡15份、功劳木15份、川芎7份、莱菔子7份、枸杞子12份、金银花25份、广藿香25份、薄荷20份、甘草20份、玳瑁20份、蒲公英20份、板蓝根15份、桂枝5份、赤芍5份、僵蚕4份、荆芥4份、冰片2份、桃仁1.5份。
所述治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)按照重量份称取各原料；
(2)取蝉蜕、知母、僵蚕和冰片，混合后粉碎过150目筛，得到细粉备用；
(3)取山栀子、地骨皮、钩藤、金银花、白薇、穿心莲、连翘、桑叶、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、桂枝、赤芍、荆芥、夏枯草、合欢皮、黄芪和黄芩混合均匀，加5倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1.5h，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加滤渣3倍重量的水，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮30min，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.15g/ml的浸膏；
(4)取青黛、地黄、柴胡、功劳木、川芎、莱菔子、枸杞子、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根和桃仁，加相对于混合物4倍重量80％的乙醇，回流提取2次，每次0.8h，提取液合并，浓缩至密度为1.15g/ml的清膏；
(5)将所述浸膏和清膏混合均匀，再加入步骤(2)得到的细粉，搅拌均匀后放置于70℃的环境下烘干，粉碎后得到粉剂成品。
实施例4
一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕18份、山栀子18份、地骨皮5.5份、钩藤3.5份、青黛4.5份、知母4.5份、地黄28份、白薇28份、穿心莲18份、连翘18份、桑叶14份、夏枯草14份、合欢皮11份、黄芪11份、黄芩11份、柴胡18份、功劳木18份、川芎7.5份、莱菔子7.5份、枸杞子14份、金银花28份、广藿香28份、薄荷22份、甘草22份、玳瑁22份、蒲公英22份、板蓝根18份、桂枝5.5份、赤芍5.5份、僵蚕4.5份、荆芥4.5份、冰片2.5份、桃仁1.8份。
所述治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)按照重量份称取各原料；
(2)取蝉蜕、知母、僵蚕和冰片，混合后粉碎过180目筛，得到细粉备用；
(3)取山栀子、地骨皮、钩藤、金银花、白薇、穿心莲、连翘、桑叶、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、桂枝、赤芍、荆芥、夏枯草、合欢皮、黄芪和黄芩混合均匀，加6倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1.8h，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加滤渣3.5倍重量的水，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮35min，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.18/ml的浸膏；
(4)取青黛、地黄、柴胡、功劳木、川芎、莱菔子、枸杞子、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根和桃仁，加相对于混合物4.5倍重量82％的乙醇，回流提取2次，每次0.9h，提取液合并，浓缩至密度为1.18g/ml的清膏；
(5)将所述浸膏和清膏混合均匀，再加入步骤(2)得到的细粉，搅拌均匀后放置于80℃的环境下烘干，粉碎后得到粉剂成品。
实施例5
一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕20份、山栀子20份、地骨皮6份、钩藤4份、青黛5份、知母5份、地黄30份、白薇30份、穿心莲20份、连翘20份、桑叶15份、夏枯草15份、合欢皮12份、黄芪12份、黄芩12份、柴胡20份、功劳木20份、川芎8份、莱菔子8份、枸杞子15份、金银花30份、广藿香30份、薄荷25份、甘草25份、玳瑁25份、蒲公英25份、板蓝根20份、桂枝6份、赤芍6份、僵蚕5份、荆芥5份、冰片3份、桃仁2份。
所述治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)按照重量份称取各原料；
(2)取蝉蜕、知母、僵蚕和冰片，混合后粉碎过200目筛，得到细粉备用；
(3)取山栀子、地骨皮、钩藤、金银花、白薇、穿心莲、连翘、桑叶、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、桂枝、赤芍、荆芥、夏枯草、合欢皮、黄芪和黄芩混合均匀，加7倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮2h，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加滤渣4倍重量的水，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮40min，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏；
(4)取青黛、地黄、柴胡、功劳木、川芎、莱菔子、枸杞子、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根和桃仁，加相对于混合物5倍重量85％的乙醇，回流提取2次，每次1h，提取液合并，浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏；
(5)将所述浸膏和清膏混合均匀，再加入步骤(2)得到的细粉，搅拌均匀后放置于80℃的环境下烘干，粉碎后得到粉剂成品。
毒性试验：
本实验采用健康SD大鼠，口服给药实施例1制备的药物，(最大浓度：药效学最佳浓度的30倍)，连续给药30天，经观察大鼠给药期间及停药后1周之内动物生长状态、活动饮食、血液学、血液生化学、脏器组织结构以及尿常规等均无明显影响，表明临床用药安全可靠。
本发明中不同的中药材的不同处理方式，最大限度地保留有效成分，减少了原料浪费，节约了成本，制作方便，对感冒发烧治愈效果好，发烧不容易反复，毒副作用小。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明，但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (4)

1.一种治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，其特征在于，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕10-20份、山栀子10-20份、地骨皮4-6份、钩藤2-4份、青黛3-5份、知母3-5份、地黄20-30份、白薇20-30份、穿心莲10-20份、连翘10-20份、桑叶10-15份、夏枯草10-15份、合欢皮8-12份、黄芪8-12份、黄芩8-12份、柴胡10-20份、功劳木10-20份、川芎6-8份、莱菔子6-8份、枸杞子10-15份、金银花20-30份、广藿香20-30份、薄荷15-25份、甘草15-25份、玳瑁15-25份、蒲公英15-25份、板蓝根10-20份、桂枝4-6份、赤芍4-6份、僵蚕3-5份、荆芥3-5份、冰片1-3份、桃仁1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，其特征在于，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕12-18份、山栀子12-18份、地骨皮4.5-5.5份、钩藤2.5-3.5份、青黛3.5-4.5份、知母3.5-4.5份、地黄22-28份、白薇22-28份、穿心莲12-18份、连翘12-18份、桑叶11-14份、夏枯草11-14份、合欢皮9-11份、黄芪9-11份、黄芩9-11份、柴胡12-18份、功劳木12-18份、川芎6.5-7.5份、莱菔子6.5-7.5份、枸杞子11-14份、金银花22-28份、广藿香22-28份、薄荷18-22份、甘草18-22份、玳瑁18-22份、蒲公英18-22份、板蓝根12-18份、桂枝4.5-5.5份、赤芍4.5-5.5份、僵蚕3.5-4.5份、荆芥3.5-4.5份、冰片1.5-2.5份、桃仁1.2-1.8份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂，其特征在于，按照重量份的原料包括：蝉蜕15份、山栀子15份、地骨皮5份、钩藤3份、青黛4份、知母4份、地黄25份、白薇25份、穿心莲15份、连翘15份、桑叶12份、夏枯草12份、合欢皮10份、黄芪10份、黄芩10份、柴胡15份、功劳木15份、川芎7份、莱菔子7份、枸杞子12份、金银花25份、广藿香25份、薄荷20份、甘草20份、玳瑁20份、蒲公英20份、板蓝根15份、桂枝5份、赤芍5份、僵蚕4份、荆芥4份、冰片2份、桃仁1.5份。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗小儿发烧的中药制剂的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
(1)按照重量份称取各原料；
(2)取蝉蜕、知母、僵蚕和冰片，混合后粉碎过100-200目筛，得到细粉备用；
(3)取山栀子、地骨皮、钩藤、金银花、白薇、穿心莲、连翘、桑叶、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、桂枝、赤芍、荆芥、夏枯草、合欢皮、黄芪和黄芩混合均匀，加3-7倍重量的水武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮1-2h，过滤收集滤液和滤渣；往滤渣中添加滤渣2-4倍重量的水，武火煮沸，然后文火煎煮20-40min，过滤收集滤液；合并上述两次滤液，冷却后，浓缩成密度为1.1-1.2g/ml的浸膏；
(4)取青黛、地黄、柴胡、功劳木、川芎、莱菔子、枸杞子、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根和桃仁，加相对于混合物3-5倍重量75-85％的乙醇，回流提取2次，每次0.5-1h，提取液合并，浓缩至密度为1.1-1.2g/ml的清膏；
(5)将所述浸膏和清膏混合均匀，再加入步骤(2)得到的细粉，搅拌均匀后放置于60-80℃的环境下烘干，粉碎后得到粉剂成品。
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