CN104383512A - 制备用于小儿退烧的药物制剂的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及中成药物制剂领域,公开了一种制备用于小儿退烧的药物制剂的方法,所述制剂有效成分主要为:地黄、白薇、金银花、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根等,针对小儿发烧,标本兼治、对人体无毒无害、无副作用、价格低廉,制作简便,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中成药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种制备用于小儿退烧的药物制剂的方法。
背景技术
祖国医学认为,小儿形体未充,肌腠疏薄,卫外功能不固,加以对气候的变化尚未能很好的适应, 故易为外邪外侵, 而引起发烧。现代医学认为, 发烧是人体抵御疾病的一种反应,引起幼儿发烧的病原微生物主要有细菌、病毒及支原体、衣原体。确切发病机制尚不完全清楚,是多种因素综合作用的结果,免疫功能低下被认为是发病的重要原因之一。现有技术中对小儿发烧的治疗方法研究大致为(1)物理降温,如温水或酒精擦浴、冰袋降温、生理盐水灌肠等;(2)药物降温,如口服退热药、安乃近滴鼻或肌肉注射、静脉滴注地塞米松等药物,同时服用抗生物药物来治疗感染;(3)中药疗法:如口服中药制剂、中药外敷等。上述的治疗方式均存在较多缺陷,物理降温或单纯中药效果较差,通过不能够有效迅速的降低体温,退热后不久又出现体温回升,体温波动较大。抗生素治疗主要采用口服给药或肌肉注射、静脉滴注两大途径。患儿口服抗生素常会引起胃肠道反应,严重的还会引起过敏反应等毒副作用,同时患儿服药较困难,难以操作,肌注或静脉滴注抗生素,风险大,操作难度高,患儿哭闹不安,极不配合。
小儿脏腑娇嫩,肌肤藩篱不密,卫外机能不固,加之寒暖不知自调,常因四时气候骤变,冷暖失常,外邪乘虚而入发为本病;又由于小儿为“纯阳之体”“阳常有余,阴常不足”,外感时邪,易于化热,故临床以热证最为多见,迅速退热是其主要治疗目的。《素问·五藏生成篇》认为肺脾肾气虚是其发病的关键,“诸气者,皆属于肺。”肺主气,司呼吸,对全身气机有重要的调节作用。肺之气血不足,则卫气不足,故自汗,易外感。小儿脾常不足,脾胃虚弱,纳运失常,气血生化乏源,土不生金,肺气亦虚,易于外感。反复外感,久病伤肾,肾为元阳之根,肾气虚更致肺脾不足。形成恶性循环。由此可见,治疗本病应当益肺健脾补肾,益气固表。以益气为主,肾气充足,脾胃健运,则培土生金,金水相生功能恢复正常。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种标本兼治、副作用小、安全方便、价格低廉的用于小儿发烧的中成颗粒。其目的是为了解决治疗小儿发烧,克服依赖性强,副作用大,达到标本兼治的目的。
本申请发明人有鉴于现有的治疗小儿退烧的药物存在的缺陷,基于从事中医药多年丰富的临床经验及专业知识,从祖国传统医药学理论出发,多方收集众家之长,寻求最佳治疗方案,针对小儿稚嫩的机体,对冷暖失常,外邪乘虚而入发,外感时邪,易于化热,反复感染的病症,本发明采用不同药性的中药材,进行了科学配伍,具有较强的抗病毒、解热抗炎、增强机体免疫作用;
为实现本发明上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种制备用于小儿退烧的药物制剂的方法,其特征在于,所述药物制剂由下述原料药制备而得:
地黄、白薇、金银花、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根、菊花、桔梗、青黛、生姜、知母、桃仁、枸杞子、黄芪、薏苡仁、木瓜、麦芽、牡丹皮。
优选地,所述中药由下述重量配比的原料药制备而得:
地黄28份、白薇25份、金银花25份、广藿香25份、
薄荷20份、甘草20份、玳瑁20份、蒲公英20份、
板蓝根15份、菊花15份、桔梗15份、青黛15份、
生姜15份、知母15份、桃仁10份、枸杞子10份、
黄芪10份、薏苡仁10份、木瓜8份、麦芽8份、牡丹皮5份。
所述制剂的制备方法如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料药;
(2)取地黄、白薇、金银花、蒲公英、板蓝根、菊花、青黛、知母、桃仁、枸杞子、薏苡仁按所述比例混合,加5倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,获得复合物A;
(3)取剩余成分加相对于混合物5倍重量75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物B;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀即得中药有效成分。
本发明复方颗粒可以加一种或多种药学上可接受的载体混合制成任何一种临床上或药学上可接受的剂型,优选口服制剂。以口服给药的方式施用于需要这种治疗的患者时,可将其制成常规的固体制剂,如片剂、胶囊、软胶囊等。
本发明药物制成制剂时,可采用现有制药领域中的常规方法生产,需要的时候可以添加各种药学上可接受的载体。所述的载体包括药学领域常规的稀释剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂、吸收促进剂、表面活性剂、吸附载体、润滑剂等。
本发明所述的技术方案是在中医治疗小儿发烧的临床经验基础上,结合现代药学成果研制而得。本发明采用不同药性的中药材,能达到理想的治疗效果,且药效持久、不容易反复,毒副作用小等优点。
本发明具有如下优点:
本发明通过多次的实验,确定不同的中药材的不同处理方式,最大限度地保留有效成分,减少了原料浪费,节约了成本;
本发明药物治疗小儿发烧不容易反复,毒副作用小。
本发明药物的制备工艺简单可行,而且价格低廉,可应用于大规模工厂化生产。
本发明通过对药物组份、配比的合理选择,取得了理想的治疗效果,既符合国家药典对有关药物剂量的要求,又能保证良好的治疗效果,无明显副作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
制备用于小儿退烧的药物制剂的方法,所述制剂由下述重量配比的原料药制备而得:
地黄28份、白薇25份、金银花25份、广藿香25份、
薄荷20份、甘草20份、玳瑁20份、蒲公英20份、
板蓝根15份、菊花15份、桔梗15份、青黛15份、
生姜15份、知母15份、桃仁10份、枸杞子10份、
黄芪10份、薏苡仁10份、木瓜8份、麦芽8份、牡丹皮5份。
所述制剂的制备方法如下:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料药;
(2)取地黄、白薇、金银花、蒲公英、板蓝根、菊花、青黛、知母、桃仁、枸杞子、薏苡仁按所述比例混合,加5倍水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,获得复合物A;
(3)取剩余成分加相对于混合物5倍重量75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物B;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀即得中药有效成分。
实施例2
一、毒性试验:
本实验采用健康SD大鼠,口服给药实施例1制备的药物,(最大浓度:药效学最佳浓度的30倍),连续给药30天,经观察大鼠给药期间及停药后1周之内动物生长状态、活动饮食、血液学、血液生化学、脏器组织结构以及尿常规等均无明显影响,表明临床用药安全可靠。
二、镇痛实验 :
对BALB/c小鼠醋酸致扭体反应的作用:BALB/c小鼠60只,平均体重为25.7g,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、市售小儿贝诺酯维B1组(广东环球制药),实施例1药物组;每天给药一次(对照组给予同等重量的生理盐水),连续灌胃给药3天,于末次灌胃给药1小时后,腹腔注射0.6%冰乙酸0.2ml/只,观察20min内小鼠扭体次数,结果见表1。
表1 小鼠扭体次数统计
组别 | 小鼠数目(只) | 扭体次数(30min) |
对照 | 20 | 31.5 |
市售小儿贝诺酯维B1组 | 20 | 12.7 |
实施例1 | 20 | 6.3 |
结论:通过小鼠扭体试验可发现,实施例1制备的药物能够起到明显的镇痛作用。
退热实验
发烧模型建立:昆明小鼠60只,26-28g/只,随机分为3组,测量体温,分别皮下注射2,4-二硝基酚,30mg/kg,造发热模型,0.5小时后,检测体温,同时灌胃给予药物剂量为0.25mg/kg(实验组给予药物,市售小儿贝诺酯维B1组给予小儿贝诺酯维B1,对照组给予同等重量的生理盐水),15分钟后检测体温。具体数据参见下表2.
表2 药物对小鼠的退烧效果
组别 | 小鼠数目(只) | 未注射2,4-二硝基酚前的体温 | 注射2,4-二硝基酚1小时体温 | 灌胃给药15分钟体温 |
生理盐水组 | 20 | 36.8±0.14 | 39.0±0.25 | 39.0±0.33 |
市售小儿贝诺酯维B1组 | 20 | 37.0±0.07 | 38.9±0.27 | 37.6±0.41 |
实验组 | 20 | 37.0±0.08 | 38.9±0.31 | 37.2±0.24 |
结果显示 实施例1制备药物退烧效果显著。
实施例3
典型病例
佟某,男,5岁,洗澡后着凉,感冒发烧持续一个多礼拜,输液打针后患儿不思饮食,食纳不化。有时自述腹痛,大便干燥。就诊时,体温38.0℃,断断续续仍然咳嗽。症见精神尚可,流涕,舌色微红,苔黄中腻,指纹紫。给予实施例1制备药物,一次二分之一袋,一日三次,一天后,开始头身热减,手足转温,精神稍振,唇润口和;继续服用3天,体温正常,精神转佳,咽咳嗽止,唇润口和,知饥索食,二便通畅通无阻。继续服用一个疗程,完全康复,饮食正常。停药两周后随访,无复发。
李某,女,3岁,感冒,选用抗菌素、退热西药,高热时退,反复咳嗽半月有余,止咳糖浆,西药用了很多不见痊愈;诊断:体温38.2℃,精神蒌靡,全身无汗,头额、身躯灼热,咽喉微痛,吞咽困难,查体见扁桃体肿大,说话沙哑,有撕裂音。给予实施例1制备的药物,一次三分之一袋,一天三次,一天后,开始头身热减,手足转温,二便通畅通无阻,精神稍振,咽痛止,唇润口和,说话声音开始正常;继续服用3天,体温正常,精神转佳,咽喉肿大完全好了,扁桃体不再疼。停药观察一周,康复如初,随访无复发。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方式对本案作了详尽的说明,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所作的修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (3)
1.制备用于小儿退烧的药物制剂的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)称取各原料药;地黄、白薇、金银花、广藿香、薄荷、甘草、玳瑁、蒲公英、板蓝根、菊花、桔梗、青黛、生姜、知母、桃仁、枸杞子、黄芪、薏苡仁、木瓜、麦芽、牡丹皮;
(2)取地黄、白薇、金银花、蒲公英、板蓝根、菊花、青黛、知母、桃仁、枸杞子以及薏苡仁,混合,加5倍重量的水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,获得复合物A;
(3)取剩余成分,加相对于混合物5倍重量75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物B;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照重量份称取各原料药备用;其中,
地黄28份、白薇25份、金银花25份、广藿香25份、
薄荷20份、甘草20份、玳瑁20份、蒲公英20份、
板蓝根15份、菊花15份、桔梗15份、青黛15份、
生姜15份、知母15份、桃仁10份、枸杞子10份、
黄芪10份、薏苡仁10份、木瓜8份、麦芽8份、牡丹皮5份;
(2)取地黄、白薇、金银花、蒲公英、板蓝根、菊花、青黛、知母、桃仁、枸杞子以及薏苡仁,混合,加5倍重量的水煎煮两次,第一次2小时,第二次1小时,合并两次煎煮液,将煎煮液减压干燥获得密度为1.2g/ml的浸膏,80℃烘干后,获得复合物A;
(3)取剩余成分,加相对于混合物5倍重量75%的乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1小时,提取液合并,浓缩至密度为1.2g/ml的清膏,80℃烘干,粉碎制备复合物B;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀即得。
3.权利要求1-2所述方法用于小儿退烧的用途。
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