CN105828754B - 吸热海绵 - Google Patents
吸热海绵 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105828754B CN105828754B CN201380081664.9A CN201380081664A CN105828754B CN 105828754 B CN105828754 B CN 105828754B CN 201380081664 A CN201380081664 A CN 201380081664A CN 105828754 B CN105828754 B CN 105828754B
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Abstract
大体上提供了用于医用海绵的技术,所述医用海绵被配置为降低手术部位的温度。吸热反应物可与医用海绵合并,以响应流体的吸收来降低手术部位的温度。海绵可放置在手术部位,并且随着海绵吸收流体,吸热反应物可成为水合的。吸热成分的水合可诱导吸热反应,使得手术部位周围的温度降低。吸热成分可被插入到可用海绵分层的半渗透袋中。另外,吸热成分可被插入到中空半渗透纤维中,并被编织在一起形成海绵。止血剂、抗微生物剂和止痛剂也可与医用海绵结合,以预防和治疗手术部位经受的其他状况,比如炎症、疼痛和感染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医学材料领域。具体地,本发明涉及降低部位的温度的吸收制品,尤其是被配置为降低手术部位的温度的医用海绵。
发明背景
除非本文另外指出,在本章节描述的材料不是本申请权利要求的现有技术,并且不因其包括在本章节中而承认其是现有技术。
在外科手术期间,手术部位可经历血流的增加,并且纱布海绵通常用于压紧手术部位,以吸收血液,并且压紧手术部位,以减少血流。通常,在手术期间和之后,由于增加的血流、感染和其他原因,手术部位可能发炎和疼痛。可给与止血剂,以帮助减少血流,并且,可另外施用抗微生物剂、止痛剂和抗炎症药物治疗,以治疗比如炎症、疼痛和感染的症状。但是,尽管使用各种剂可有助于治疗炎症和疼痛症状,但是在症状发作和它们的处理之间可能存在延时。
发明内容
下述内容仅仅是示意性的并且决不旨在是限制性的。除了上述示意性方面、实施方式和特征,通过参考附图和下面详述的说明,进一步的方面、实施方式和特征将变得显而易见。
根据一些实施例,本公开描述了降低部位的温度的吸收性制品,该制品包括至少一个吸收性部分和与所述吸收性部分结合的至少一种吸热反应物,吸热反应物被配置为响应触发(trigger)而诱导吸热效应,其中吸热反应物可保留在半渗透膜中。
本公开也描述了形成吸收性制品的方法,所述吸收性制品吸收来自手术部位的流体并且降低手术部位的环境温度。该方法可包括提供至少一种吸收性制品,将止血剂与吸收性制品的至少一部分整合,和将至少一种吸热反应物与吸收性制品的至少一部分整合,所述吸热反应物被配置为响应湿润触发诱导吸热效应,其中吸热反应物可保留在半渗透膜中。
本公开进一步描述了从医疗部位吸收流体并且降低医疗部位的环境温度的方法,该方法可包括使至少一种吸热反应物结合吸收性制品,其中吸热反应物可保留在半渗透膜中并且可被配置为响应触发而诱导吸热效应,使止血剂结合吸收性制品的至少一部分,和在手术部位插入包括结合的至少一种吸热反应物的吸收性制品。
附图说明
结合附图,通过下述说明和所附的权利要求书,本公开的前述和其他特征将变得更加显而易见。应理解,这些附图仅仅描绘了根据本公开的若干实施方式,因此,不认为限制其范围,通过使用附图,将以其他特征和细节描述本公开,其中:
图1图解了吸热海绵在手术部位的示例性放置;
图2图解了示例性成层的吸热海绵;
图3图解了示例性编织的吸热海绵;
图4图解了包括半渗透中空纤维的吸热海绵的编织纤维;和
图5图解了吸热海绵的示例性组分的示意图;
其都根据如本文所描述的至少一些实施方式设置。
发明详述
在下述详细说明中,参考形成说明书一部分的附图。在附图中,类似的符号通常表示类似的组分,除非上下文另外指出。在详细说明书、附图和权利要求中描述的示意性实施方式并不意为限制性的。在不背离本文所呈现主题的精神或范围的情况下,可使用其他实施方式,并且可作出其他改变。将容易理解,本公开的方面,如本文大体上所描述的和附图中阐释的,可以各种不同的构造布置、替换、组合、分开和设计,所有这些都明确在本文中考虑。
本公开一般尤其涉及与提供医用海绵相关的组合物、方法、装置、系统、设备和/或计算机程序产品,以降低手术部位的温度同时吸收来自手术部位的流体。
简而言之,大体上提供了用于医用海绵的技术,所述医用海绵被配置为降低医疗部位的温度。吸热反应物可与医用海绵合并(incoporate),以响应流体的吸收而降低医疗部位的温度。海绵可放置在医疗部位处,并且随着海绵吸收流体,由于暴露于血液变得湿润,吸热反应物可成为水合的。吸热成分(elements)的湿润和水合可诱导吸热反应,从而降低医疗部位周围的温度。吸热成分可被插入可通过海绵分层的半渗透袋中。另外,吸热成分可插入中空半渗透纤维中,并被一起编织,以形成海绵。止血剂、抗微生物剂和止痛剂也可与医用海绵整合,以预防和治疗医疗部位经受的其他状况,比如炎症、疼痛和感染。
图1图解了吸热海绵在医疗部位的示例性放置,其根据如本文所描述的至少一些实施方式布置。
通常,在外科手术期间,医疗部位112,比如可在患者100上进行手术的手术部位,可经历增加的血流,这可在手术期间和之后造成炎症和疼痛。由于暴露于微生物和细菌,医疗部位112也可经历感染。可施用抗微生物剂、止痛剂和抗炎症药物治疗,以治疗炎症、疼痛和感染,但是,症状的发作和它们的治疗之间可能存在延迟。海绵104可放置在医疗部位112处,以吸收血液和诱导止血作用,即,减少医疗部位112处的出血。
在示例性实施方式中,用于在医疗部位112处吸收血液的海绵104可并入一些另外的成分,以有助于预防和治疗在医疗部位112处经受的症状,比如增加的出血、感染、炎症和疼痛。例如,海绵104可并入冷却成分,以便海绵可被配置为吸热海绵,以便响应在医疗部位112处流体的吸收而降低医疗部位112处的环境温度。在医疗部位112处温度的降低可造成血管收缩,这可导致减少的血流并且因此减轻医疗部位112处的炎症和疼痛。不依赖于血管收缩,冷却医疗部位112也可减轻疼痛。减少医疗部位112处的血流、炎症和疼痛也可改善这些症状的术后处理效力。
另外,其他成分也可与医用海绵整合(integrate),以预防和治疗医疗部位112经受的其他状况。与医用海绵整合的一些示例性成分可包括止血剂、抗微生物剂、止痛剂和抗炎剂。通过将多种预防性成分与医用海绵合并,可更有效减少和预防在医疗部位112处通常经受的症状和状况,而在症状的发作和它们的治疗以及处理之间没有延时。
尽管在医学应用和手术的背景下描述了实施方式,但是如本文所描述的海绵可用于下述领域:包括但不限于急救护理、伤口护理、牙科以及可能使用温度处理的其他非医疗领域。
图2图解了示例性的成层的吸热海绵,其根据如本文所描述的至少一些实施方式布置。
如先前描述,吸收性制品比如医用海绵可配置为吸热海绵202,以便通过将吸热成分210与海绵合并来降低医疗或手术部位处的环境温度,从而有助于预防和治疗炎症。示例性吸热海绵可有纱布形成,其可以是由多种纤维构成的、具有宽松编织式样(loose openweave)的薄织物。吸热海绵也可由泡沫材料或多层结构形成。海绵也可由棉签、敷布、衬垫和其他类似的吸收性织物形成。
在根据实施方式的系统中,一种或多种冷却或吸热成分210可在两个或更多个层之间,比如吸收性制品的顶层204A和底层204N之间成层,以形成吸热海绵202,其中层分别是可辨识的。吸热成分210可被配置为响应流体比如血液的吸收,而进行吸热反应,造成吸热效应,或降低手术部位的温度。吸热反应可以是从周围环境吸热的反应,导致得周围环境冷却。随着海绵吸收来自手术部位的流体,吸热成分210可变得湿润和成为水合的,并且水合的吸热成分210可从周围环境吸热,以对周围环境产生冷却作用。在一些实施方式中,反应也可通过使用者激活而引起,所述使用者激活可包括在袋中混合吸热成分210、拆封、振动或其他类似的方法。
在示例性实施方式中,吸热成分210可被密封或保留在一个或多个袋中,所述袋可在海绵的层(204A和204N)之间成层,使得吸热成分210可至少部分被密封在袋中。袋可由半渗透膜构成,以便将吸热成分210密封在袋和吸热海绵202中,同时允许流体渗透半渗透膜,从而导致保留在袋中的吸热成分的湿润和水合。在一些实施例中,密封在袋中的反应物可部分被半渗透膜保留。例如,袋可以是部分不可渗透的和部分半渗透的。示例性膜可以是聚酰亚胺、纤维素、硝化纤维素或玻璃纸膜或其组合。
在湿润和水合时可进行吸热反应的一些示例性吸热成分210可包括具有相当高水合热的一种或多种无机盐。在示例性实施方式中,一种或多种无机盐可以脱水状态保留在一个或多个半渗透袋中。随着海绵在手术部位吸收流体,流体可渗透袋,并且无机盐可成为水合的。因为盐的水合热,盐可对周围环境产生吸热效应,造成周围环境温度的下降。具有相当高水合热的一些示例性无机盐可包括硝酸钾、硝酸铵、氯化铵、尿素、氯化钾和硫酸钾。
另外,亲水性化合物可结合保留在半渗透袋中的一种或多种无机盐。并入亲水性化合物可增加流体的吸收,同时通过增加可进行水合和吸热反应的袋中的热质量,也延长了吸热效应的持续时间。一些示例性亲水性化合物可包括水凝胶,其可以是亲水性聚合物链的网络、壳聚糖、透明质酸、藻酸盐和硅或其组合。
在另一示例性实施方式中,吸热成分可以是导致水合反应并且当它们被水合时产生吸热效应的吸热反应物。例如,在医疗部位存在血液或其他流体的情况下,当羧酸和碳酸盐变得湿润时,羧酸和碳酸盐可一起反应,并且响应变得湿润,它们可成为水合的。通过暴露于血液的吸热反应物的湿润和水合可诱导吸热反应,导致医疗部位周围的温度降低。一些示例性羧酸可包括柠檬酸、乙酸、丙酸、酒石酸,并且一些示例性碳酸盐可包括碳酸钠或碳酸钙。也可采用其他强酸和碳酸氢盐。羧酸和碳酸盐之间的反应也可产生气态双产物(bi-product)。在一些实施方式中,吸热海绵可被配置为在海绵中包含气态双产物,从而不会不利影响手术部位周围。海绵中包含的气态双产物也可用作绝缘层。在另一示例性实施方式中,可控制羧酸-碳酸盐反应的速率,以便使得反应足够缓慢地进行,以允许气体缓慢从手术部位疏散而不会在手术部位生产消极的或非期望的影响。
图3图解了示例性编织吸热海绵,其根据如本文所描述的至少一些实施方式设置。
如先前描述,医用海绵308可以是由多种纤维302以宽松编织式样构成的纱布海绵。纤维可以采用编织技术而被编织在一起。纤维302可由棉和/或被配置为吸收流体的其他合成纤维构成。纤维302也可由多孔膜覆盖,以便有助于防止直接接触和粘附,以使海绵与手术部位处组织的粘连最小化。示例性多孔膜可以是聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),其可以是合成的四氟乙烯的含氟聚合物或高分子共混物。多种纤维302也可被涂覆吸收性成分,以便增加手术部位处流体和血液的吸收。吸热成分可并入纱布的层之间,以便海绵在放置在手术部位处时能够对周围环境诱导吸热效应。在其他实施例中,吸热成分也可并入编织纱布纤维中,以产生吸热海绵。在其他实施方式中,医用海绵可以是泡沫材料或多层结构。泡沫材料和多层结构可类似地结合吸收性成分,以增加手术部位处流体和血液的吸收。
图4图解了包括半渗透中空纤维的吸热海绵的编织纤维,其根据如本文所描述的至少一些实施方式设置。如先前描述,海绵可由纱布织物形成,所述纱布织物由呈柔性和宽松编织式样的多种纤维402、404编织在一起而构成。在示例性实施方式中,可编织在一起而形成纱布的部分纤维可以是由半渗透膜构成的空心纤维402。空心纤维402可与其他棉和/或合成纤维404编织在一起,以形成吸热海绵的纱布织物。
在根据实施方式的系统中,一种或多种吸热反应物可插入空心纤维402中,并且随着吸热海绵吸收手术部位处的流体,可在半渗透膜后面的空心纤维402中进行吸热反应。另外,空心纤维402以及棉和/或合成纤维可被涂覆另外的成分,以增加流体的吸收并且预防手术部位的其他症状比如感染和出血。在一些另外的实施方式中,一种或多种空心纤维402可用吸热反应物浸透,以使吸热反应物与医用海绵合并。此外,吸热反应物可被选择为在医学上对于身体是安全的。
在另一示例性实施方式中,吸热海绵可以是由包括一种或多种吸热反应物的多种空心纤维构成的纱布织物。每条空心纤维402可由半渗透膜构成,并且一种或多种吸热反应物可插入空心纤维402中。空心纤维的横断面视图414图解了可插入一种或多种吸热反应物的中空中心。多种空心纤维402可用吸收性成分被处理、喷洒、浸透或涂覆,以促进手术部位处的流体的吸收。
图5图解了吸热海绵的示意性组分示意图,其根据本文所描述的至少一些实施方式设置。
如先前描述,吸热海绵可以是由多种编织纤维构成的纱布海绵。在一些实施方式中,多种纤维可包括棉和/或合成纤维,并且也可包括包含一种或多种吸热反应物506的多种空心纤维。包含一种或多种吸热反应物506的多种空心纤维可由半渗透膜504构成,以便允许流体渗透空心纤维,同时使吸热反应物506包含在空心纤维中。
在另一示例性实施方式中,吸热反应物506可保留在由半渗透膜504构成的一种或多种袋中,并且半渗透袋可插在海绵的层之间。在另一实施例中,医用海绵可以是泡沫材料或多层结构,并且半渗透袋可插在形成医用海绵的泡沫材料或多层结构的吸收层之间。
随着流体被海绵吸收,流体可渗透半渗透膜,以诱导吸热成分的吸热反应,导致周围环境的温度降低。另外,其他成分,比如亲水性化合物可与保留在半渗透膜504后面的吸热反应物506合并,以增加吸热效应。示例性亲水性化合物516可包括水凝胶、壳聚糖、透明质酸、藻酸盐和硅氧烷或其组合。
在进一步的实施方式中,吸热海绵可被涂覆另外的成分,以增加流体吸收,并且,预防和治疗在手术部位可能经受的其他症状,比如炎症、感染和疼痛。在一些实施方式中,多种编织纤维可被涂覆以吸收性成分502。吸收性成分502可有助于增加通过海绵的流体吸收,其也可增加吸热反应物的水合,导致对手术部位周围增加的吸热效应。
另外,止血剂508可与吸热海绵的编织纤维整合。止血剂508可减少手术部位处的出血,以便预防炎症。在一些实施例中,止血剂508可与吸收性成分502整合,然后涂覆多种纤维。示例性止血剂可包括明胶、壳聚糖和血纤蛋白原、骨蜡、矿物沸石、凝血酶、肾上腺素、牛胰腺胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BPTI)、叶绿醌、甲萘醌、因子VII、因子IX、卡巴克络、巴曲酶、包括罗米司亭(romiplostim)和艾曲波帕(eltrombopag)的一种或多种的血小板生成素受体激动剂、四半乳糖醛酸羟甲酯、藻酸钙、肾上腺素、肾上腺酮、C-1酯酶抑制剂、微原纤维胶原止血剂(MCH)、无水硫酸铝,酚黄乙胺(etamsylate)和止血药,比如硫酸铝钾和二氧化钛或其组合。
在另一实施方式中,抗微生物剂510也可与吸热海绵合并,以便有助于预防手术部位处的感染。多种编织纤维可被涂覆抗微生物剂510。在另一实施方式中,抗微生物剂510也可与吸收性成分502合并,然后涂覆编织纤维。示例性抗微生物剂510可包括抗生素、杀生物剂、抗病毒剂、防腐剂和抗真菌剂。此外,止痛剂512可与吸热海绵合并,以有助于缓解手术部位处的疼痛。示例性止痛剂可包括4-乙酰氨基酚、非甾体抗炎药、水杨酸盐和阿片样物质药物。止痛剂512可与吸收性成分502合并,并且可涂覆在吸热海绵的多种编织纤维上。
尽管上面已经使用具体的实例、组分和构造讨论了实施方式,但是它们旨在提供使用吸热海绵的一般指南。这些实例不视为对实施方式的限制,其可使用其他组分、模块和构造使用本文所述的原理实施。此外,上面讨论的动作可以以各种顺序进行,尤其以交错的方式进行。
根据一些实施例,本公开描述了降低部位的温度的吸收性制品,该制品包括至少一个吸收性部分和与所述吸收性部分结合的至少一种吸热反应物,该吸热反应物被配置为响应触发而诱导吸热效应,其中吸热反应物可保留在半渗透膜中。触发可以是一种或多种反应物的湿润和混合中的一种或多种。
根据一些实施例,吸收性部分可包括下述的一种或多种:泡沫材料、多层结构、棉签、敷布、衬垫、织物和纱布。吸收性部分可由编织纤维形成,所述编织物由下述的一种或多种构成:棉、亚麻、丝和合成材料。
根据一些实施例,止血剂可在处理之前与吸收性成分整合。止血剂可选自下述的一种或多种:明胶、壳聚糖、血纤蛋白原、骨蜡、矿物沸石、凝血酶、肾上腺素、牛胰腺胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BPTI)、叶绿醌、甲萘醌、因子VII、因子IX、卡巴克络、巴曲酶、包括罗米司亭和艾曲波帕的一种或多种的血小板生成素受体激动剂、四半乳糖醛酸羟甲酯、藻酸钙、肾上腺素、肾上腺酮、C-1酯酶抑制剂、微原纤维胶原止血剂(MCH)、无水硫酸铝、硫酸铝钾、二氧化钛和酚黄乙胺。
根据其他实施例,抗微生物剂可与吸收性成分整合。抗微生物剂包括下述的一种或多种:抗生素、杀生物剂、抗病毒剂、防腐剂和抗真菌剂。止痛剂可与吸收性成分整合。至少一种吸热反应物可密封在袋中。袋可由半渗透膜构成。半渗透膜可被配置为使流体通过并且被配置为抑制所述至少一种吸热反应物通过。
根据一些实施例,半渗透膜可选自下述的一种或多种:聚酰亚胺、纤维素、硝化纤维素和玻璃纸膜。由半渗透膜构成的袋可在第一纱布织物层和第二纱布织物层之间成层。多种空心纤维可被编织在一起形成纱布织物。空心纤维可由选自下述的一种或多种的半渗透膜构成:聚酰亚胺、纤维素、硝化纤维素和玻璃纸膜。
根据一些实施例,至少一种吸热反应物可插入多种空心纤维中的每条空心纤维中。包括插入的吸热反应物的多种空心纤维可与纱布织物的编织纤维一起被编织。包括插入的吸热反应物的多种空心纤维可用吸收性成分处理。
根据一些实施例,至少一种吸热反应物包括一种或多种无机盐。无机盐可以脱水状态与纱布织物整合。一种或多种无机盐可选自下述的一种或多种:硝酸钾、硝酸铵、氯化铵、尿素、氯化钾和硫酸钾。
根据一些实施例,亲水性化合物可与一种或多种无机盐一起插入。亲水性化合物可选自下述的一种或多种:水凝胶、壳聚糖、透明质酸、藻酸盐和硅氧烷。至少一种吸热反应物包括至少一种羧酸和至少一种碳酸盐。纱布织物可被配置为包含至少一种羧酸和至少一种碳酸盐之间吸热反应的气态双产物。
根据其他实施例,本公开描述了形成吸收性制品的方法,所述吸收性制品吸收来自手术部位的流体并且降低手术部位的环境温度。方法可包括提供至少一种吸收性制品,将止血剂与至少一部分吸收性制品整合在一起,和将至少一种吸热反应物与至少一部分吸收性制品整合在一起,所述吸热反应物被配置为响应湿润触发诱导吸热效应,其中吸热反应物可保留在半渗透膜中。触发可以是一种或多种反应物的湿润和混合中的一种或多种。
根据一些实施例,吸收性制品可包括下述的一种或多种:泡沫材料、多层结构、棉签、敷布、衬垫、织物和纱布。吸收性制品可由编织纤维形成,所述编织纤维由下述的一种或多种构成:棉、亚麻、丝和合成材料。该方法也包括将止血剂与吸收性成分整合在一起。止血剂可选自下述的一种或多种:明胶、壳聚糖、血纤蛋白原、骨蜡、矿物沸石、凝血酶、肾上腺素、牛胰腺胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BPTI)、叶绿醌、甲萘醌、因子VII、因子IX、卡巴克络、巴曲酶、包括罗米司亭和艾曲波帕的一种或多种的血小板生成素受体激动剂、四半乳糖醛酸羟甲酯、藻酸钙、肾上腺素、肾上腺酮、C-1酯酶抑制剂、微原纤维胶原止血剂(MCH)、无水硫酸铝、硫酸铝钾、二氧化钛和酚黄乙胺。
根据其他实施例,方法也可包括将抗微生物剂与吸收性成分整合在一起。抗微生物剂包括下述的一种或多种:抗生素、杀生物剂、抗病毒剂、防腐剂和抗真菌剂。止痛剂可与吸收性成分整合。方法也可包括将至少一种吸热反应物密封在袋中。方法也可包括由半渗透膜构成袋。半渗透膜可被配置为使流体流过并且被配置为抑制所述至少一种吸热反应物通过。半渗透膜可选自下述的一种或多种:聚酰亚胺、纤维素、硝化纤维素和玻璃纸膜。
根据一些实施例,方法也可包括使由半渗透膜构成的袋在第一纱布织物层和第二纱布织物层之间成层。方法也可包括将多种空心纤维编织一起而形成纱布织物。空心纤维可由选自下述的一种或多种的半渗透膜构成:聚酰亚胺、纤维素、硝化纤维素和玻璃纸膜。
根据其他实施例,方法也可包括将至少一种吸热反应物插入多种空心纤维的每条空心纤维中。方法也可包括将多种空心纤维与纱布织物的编织纤维整合在一起,其中多种空心纤维包括插入的吸热反应物。
根据一些实施例,方法也可包括用吸收性成分处理包括插入的吸热反应物的多种空心纤维。至少一种吸热反应物包括一种或多种无机盐。方法也可包括将无机盐与脱水状态的纱布织物整合在一起。一种或多种无机盐可选自下述的一种或多种:硝酸钾、硝酸铵、氯化铵、尿素、氯化钾和硫酸钾。
根据一些实施例,方法也可包括将亲水性化合物与所述一种或多种无机盐一起插入。亲水性化合物可选自下述的一种或多种:水凝胶、壳聚糖、透明质酸、藻酸盐和硅氧烷。至少一种吸热反应物包括至少一种羧酸和至少一种碳酸盐。纱布织物可被配置为包含至少一种羧酸和至少一种碳酸盐之间吸热反应的气态双产物。
根据进一步的实施例,本公开描述了吸收来自医疗部位的流体并且降低医疗部位的环境温度的方法,该方法可包括使至少一种吸热反应物结合吸收性制品,其中吸热反应物可保留在半渗透膜中并且可被配置为响应触发而诱导吸热效应,使止血剂结合至少一部分吸收性制品,并且在手术部位插入包括结合的至少一种吸热反应物的吸收性制品。触发可以是一种或多种反应物的湿润和混合中的一种或多种。
根据一些实施例,方法也可包括将至少一种吸热反应物保留在由半渗透膜构成的袋中。方法也可包括使由半渗透膜构成的袋在第一纱布织物层和第二纱布织物层之间成层。多种编织纤维的至少一部分可以是空心纤维。
根据一些实施例,方法也可包括将至少一种吸热反应物插入每条空心纤维中。方法也可包括由半渗透膜构成空心纤维。方法也可包括用吸收性成分涂覆空心纤维,以使纱布织物能够在手术部位吸收流体。至少一种吸热反应物可以是无机盐。方法也可包括插入脱水形式的无机盐。方法也可包括随着流体可被纱布织物吸收而将无机盐配置为水合的。
本公开不受在本申请中所描述的特定实施方式的限制,这些特定实施方式意在为各个方面的示例。对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,能够进行各种改进和变型,而不偏离其精神和范围。根据前面的说明,除了本文列举的那些之外,在本公开范围内的功能上等同的方法和装置对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。旨在这些改进和变型例落在随附权利要求书的范围内。本公开仅受随附权利要求书的术语连同这些权利要求所给予权利的等同方案的整个范围的限制。将理解的是,本公开不限于特定的方法、试剂、化合物、组合物或生物系统,当然这些可以变化。还应理解的是,本文所使用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施方式的目的,而不意在是限制性的。
本文描述的主题有时阐释不同组分,其包含在其他不同组分中或与其他不同组分结合。应当理解,这样的描述结构仅仅是示例性的,并且事实上可实施可实现相同功能的许多其他结构。在概念上,实现相同功能的组分的任何排列是有效“关联的”,以便实现期望的功能。因此,在本文中组合以实现具体功能的任何两个组分可视为彼此“关联”,以便实现期望的功能,无论结构或中间组分如何。同样地,如此结合的任何两个组分也可视为彼此“可操作地结合”或“可操作地连接”,以实现期望的功能,并且能够如此结合的任何两个组分也可视为彼此“可操作地连接”,以实现期望的功能。可操作地连接的具体例子包括但不限于物理连接的和/或物理相互作用的组分和/或无线可相互作用的和/或无线相互作用组分和/或逻辑上相互作用和/或逻辑上可相互作用的组分。
关于本文中基本上任何复数和/或单数术语的使用,本领域技术人员能够根据上下文和/或应用适当地从复数变换成单数和/或从单数变换成复数。为了清晰的目的,本文中明确地阐明了各单数/复数的置换。
本领域技术人员应当理解,通常,本文中并且特别是在所附权利要求(例如,所附权利要求的主体)中使用的术语通常意欲作为“开放性”术语(例如,术语“包括”应当解释为“包括但不限于”,术语“具有”应当解释为“至少具有”,术语“包含”应当解释为“包含但不限于”等)。本领域技术人员应当进一步理解,如果意欲引入特定数量的权利要求列举项,则这样的意图将在权利要求中明确地列举,并且在不存在这种列举项的情况下,不存在这样的意图。例如,为了有助于理解,以下所附权利要求可以包含引导性的短语“至少一个”和“一个或多个”的使用以引入权利要求列举项。然而,即使当同一个权利要求包含引导短语“一个或多个”或“至少一个”和不定冠词比如“一个”或“一种”时,这种短语的使用不应当解释为暗示由不定冠词“一个”或“一种”引入的权利要求列举项将包含这样引入的权利要求列举项的任何特定权利要求限定为仅包含一个这种列举项的实施方式(例如,“一个”和/或“一种”应当解释为指“至少一个”或“一种或多种”);这同样适用于以引入权利要求列举项的定冠词的使用。另外,即使明确地叙述特定数量的所引入的权利要求列举项,本领域技术人员应当认识到将这种列举项解释为意指至少所叙述的数量(例如,没有其他修饰的单纯列举项“两个列举项”意指至少两个列举项,或者两个以上列举项)。
此外,在其中使用类似于“A、B和C等中的至少一个”的习语的那些情况下,通常这种造句意味着本领域技术人员应当理解的习语(例如,“具有A、B和C中的至少一个的系统”应当包括,但不限于具有单独的A、单独的B、单独的C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起、和/或A、B和C一起等的系统)。本领域技术人员应当进一步理解,实际上呈现两个或多个可选择术语的任何转折性词语和/或短语,无论在说明书、权利要求书还是附图中,都应当理解为包括术语的一个、术语的任何一个或全部两个术语的可能性。例如,短语“A或B”应当理解为包括“A”或“B”或“A和B”的可能性。
此外,当公开内容的特征或方面以马库什组的方式描述时,本领域技术人员将认识到,该公开内容由此也以马库什组的任何单独的成员或成员的亚组的方式描述。
如本领域技术人员应当理解的,用于任何和所有目的,如在提供书写描述的方面,本文公开的所有范围也包括任何和所有可能的亚范围及其亚范围的组合。任何所列范围可以容易地被认为是充分描述并能够使同一范围可以容易地分解为至少两等份、三等份、四等份、五等份、十等份等。作为非限制性实例,本文所讨论的每个范围可以容易地分解为下三分之一、中间三分之一和上三分之一等。如本领域技术人员也应当理解的,所有语言比如“高达”、“至少”、“大于”、“小于”等包括所叙述的数字并且指可以随后分解为如上所述的亚范围的范围。最后,如本领域技术人员应当理解的,范围包括每个单独的成员。因此,例如,具有1-3个单元的组是指具有1、2或3个单元的组。类似地,具有1-5个单元的组指具有1、2、3、4或5个单元的组,以此类推。
尽管本文已经公开了各个方面和实施方式,但是其他方面和实施方式对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。本文公开的各个方面和实施方式是为了阐述的目的并且不旨在是限制性的,其中真实的范围和精神由下述权利要求表示。
Claims (21)
1.一种降低部位的温度的吸收性制品,所述吸收性制品包括:
至少一种吸收性部分,其包括与一种或多种其他纤维编织在一起的多种空心纤维,其中所述多种空心纤维中的每一条由半渗透膜构成;和
插入到所述多种空心纤维中的一种或多种空心纤维的所述半渗透膜中的至少一种吸热反应物,所述至少一种吸热反应物被配置为响应触发而引起吸热效应。
2.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,其中所述触发是一种或多种反应物的湿润或混合中的一种或多种。
3.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,其中所述至少一种吸收性部分包括下述中的一种或多种:泡沫材料、多层结构、棉签、敷布、衬垫、织物和纱布。
4.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,其中所述一种或多种其他纤维由以下中的一种或多种构成:棉、亚麻、丝和合成材料。
5.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,其中所述多种空心纤维用吸收性物质处理。
6.权利要求5所述的吸收性制品,其中在所述处理之前使所述吸收性物质结合止血剂。
7.权利要求6所述的吸收性制品,其中所述止血剂选自下述的一种或多种:明胶、壳聚糖、血纤蛋白原、骨蜡、矿物沸石、凝血酶、肾上腺素、牛胰腺胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BPTI)、叶绿醌、甲萘醌、因子VII、因子IX、卡巴克络、巴曲酶、包括罗米司亭和艾曲波帕的一种或多种的血小板生成素受体激动剂、四半乳糖醛酸羟甲酯、藻酸钙、肾上腺素、肾上腺酮、C-1酯酶抑制剂、微原纤维胶原止血剂(MCH)、无水硫酸铝、硫酸铝钾、二氧化钛和酚黄乙胺。
8.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,进一步包括抗微生物剂。
9.权利要求8所述的吸收性制品,其中所述抗微生物剂包括下述的一种或多种:抗生素、杀生物剂、抗病毒剂、防腐剂和抗真菌剂。
10.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,进一步包括止痛剂。
11.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,其中所述至少一种吸热反应物包括一种或多种无机盐。
12.权利要求11所述的吸收性制品,其中所述无机盐与呈脱水状态的吸收性部分整合。
13.权利要求11所述的吸收性制品,其中所述一种或多种无机盐选自:硝酸钾、硝酸铵、氯化铵、尿素、氯化钾和硫酸钾。
14.权利要求11所述的吸收性制品,其中亲水性化合物与所述一种或多种无机盐一起被插入到所述多种空心纤维中的一种或多种空心纤维的所述半渗透膜中。
15.权利要求14所述的吸收性制品,其中所述亲水性化合物选自:水凝胶、壳聚糖、透明质酸、藻酸盐和硅氧烷。
16.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,其中所述至少一种吸热反应物包括至少一种羧酸和至少一种碳酸盐。
17.权利要求16所述的吸收性制品,其中所述吸收性部分被配置为包含至少一种羧酸和至少一种碳酸盐之间的吸热反应的气态双产物。
18.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,其进一步包含抗炎剂。
19.权利要求1所述的吸收性制品,其中所述多种空心纤维用多孔膜处理,以使所述吸收性制品与所述部位的粘连最小化。
20.权利要求19所述的吸收性制品,其中所述多孔膜可以是聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。
21.一种制备如权利要求1-20任一项所述的吸收性制品的方法。
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US20150209192A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
WO2015094171A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
CN105828754A (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
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