CN105828662B - 用于熔合热塑性长丝的端部的装置 - Google Patents

用于熔合热塑性长丝的端部的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105828662B
CN105828662B CN201480068112.9A CN201480068112A CN105828662B CN 105828662 B CN105828662 B CN 105828662B CN 201480068112 A CN201480068112 A CN 201480068112A CN 105828662 B CN105828662 B CN 105828662B
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China
Prior art keywords
heater block
heating
heating plate
cluster
conductive material
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CN201480068112.9A
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CN105828662A (zh
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J·甘宁格
J·邱
K·赫佐格
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Gillette Co LLC
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Gillette Co LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B32B37/065—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method resulting in the laminate being partially bonded
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B3/00—Brushes characterised by the way in which the bristles are fixed or joined in or on the brush body or carrier
    • A46B3/06—Brushes characterised by the way in which the bristles are fixed or joined in or on the brush body or carrier by welding together bristles made of metal wires or plastic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
    • A46D3/00—Preparing, i.e. Manufacturing brush bodies
    • A46D3/04—Machines for inserting or fixing bristles in bodies
    • A46D3/045—Machines for inserting or fixing bristles in bodies for fixing bristles by fusing or gluing to a body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1448—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface radiating the edges of the parts to be joined, e.g. for curing a layer of adhesive placed between two flat parts to be joined, e.g. for making CDs or DVDs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1242—Tongue and groove joints comprising interlocking undercuts
    • B29C66/12421—Teardrop-like, waterdrop-like or mushroom-like interlocking undercuts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12441—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being a single wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/126—Tenon and mortise joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/137—Beaded-edge joints or bead seals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B29C66/3472—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/69—General aspects of joining filaments 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0046—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by constructional aspects of the apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A46—BRUSHWARE
    • A46B—BRUSHES
    • A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
    • A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
    • A46B2200/1066—Toothbrush for cleaning the teeth or dentures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/608—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81262—Electrical and dielectric properties, e.g. electrical conductivity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81425—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being stepped, e.g. comprising a shoulder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种方法和执行该方法的装置(300)，所述方法和装置在不接触的情况下熔合聚集在一起以形成被布置为彼此相距一定距离的至少两个簇(40,50)的热塑性长丝的端部(41,51)，所述方法具有以下步骤：提供至少两个热塑性长丝簇的布置，所述簇具有被布置为相距一定距离的端部(41,51)；提供至少部分地由导电材料制成的加热板(100)，所述加热板(100)被结构化成使得形成至少两个加热部件(110,120,130,140)，所述加热部件彼此被至少一个分隔部件(191,192,193,194,195)分开，该分隔部件被布置用于发出比加热部件(110,120,130,140)至少更少的热辐射(90)，加热部件(110,120,130,140)各自具有导电材料，并且加热部件(110,120,130,140)中的每个在加热板(100)的加热侧(101)上具有加热表面，所述加热表面的形状和位置与簇端部(41,51)的形状和位置相对应；使簇(40,50)的端部暴露于加热板，使得簇端部与加热部件彼此对齐；并且生成流经加热部件(100)的电流，使得加热部件的加热表面(111,121,131,141)发出被长丝端部(41,51)吸收的热辐射(90)，使得长丝的端部熔融，从而每个簇长丝(40,50)熔合在一起。

Description

用于熔合热塑性长丝的端部的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在不接触的情况下使聚集成簇的热塑性长丝的端部熔合的装置。本发明还涉及在不接触的情况下使热塑性长丝的端部熔合的方法。
背景技术
已知可以通过对长丝的端部加热使得长丝的端部熔融，然后熔融的材料形成连接簇的所有长丝的球状结构，从而将聚集成簇的热塑性长丝的端部熔合在一起。另外，此类球状结构通常还具有比簇大的直径，从而支撑该簇在可围绕簇的端部注塑的载体材料中固定。可以多种方式来加热，例如，通过使长丝端部与热板接触；通过向长丝的端部施加热空气流；或者通过使长丝的端部暴露于热辐射。EP 0 676 268 A1大致论述了通过使用热空气枪或加热板来使聚集成簇的长丝的端部熔合的方法。
文档DE 198 53 030 A1描述了一种熔合方法，其中加热块(其包括加热元件来加热该块)发出要被长丝簇的端部接收的热辐射。该加热块包括通道，该通道用于朝较大尺寸的长丝簇另外散发热空气，使得所有簇在相同的时间量内被加热，而不论簇的大小。
文档EP 2 534 973 A2描述了一种热气装置，该装置具有多个气体喷嘴，用于向簇端部施用不同流速的热气体；还描述了一种红外线辐射装置，该装置包括多个红外线辐射源，每个源具有一个反射器，用于向簇端部施用不同程度的红外线辐射。可以将各个喷嘴或反射器布置在距簇端部一致的距离或不同的距离处。
文档EP 0 150 785 A2论述了一种加热元件，该加热元件具有用于在簇载体中熔融凹槽的单独的加热销。另外，还论述了另一种加热元件，在该加热元件的一侧上具有一个半球状模具表面，并且在该加热元件的另一侧上具有呈浅锥形式的另一个模具表面。该加热元件具有用于使加热元件的两侧保持在不同的温度下的两个加热单元。该加热元件旨在接触加热，从而为配对体提供相应的成形，配对体即一侧上的簇载体和另一侧上的簇端部。
本发明的目标是提供在不接触的情况下熔合聚集成簇的热塑性长丝的端部的一种装置和方法，该装置和方法比现有技术有所改善或至少提供一种替代形式。
发明内容
根据一个方面，本发明提供了用于在不接触的情况下熔合聚集成至少两个簇的热塑性长丝的端部的装置，所述簇被布置为彼此相距一定距离，所述装置包括由导电材料至少部分地制成的加热板，所述导电材料用于在电流流经导电材料时发出热辐射，其中所述加热板被结构化成使得形成各自包括导电材料的至少两个加热部件，所述加热部件彼此由被布置用于发出至少少于加热部件的热辐射的至少一个分隔部件分开，并且每个加热部件在加热板的加热侧具有加热表面，其中加热表面中的每个具有介于约0.25mm2至约250mm2之间范围内的面积，具体地其中加热表面中的至少一个具有低于100mm2的面积。
根据一个方面，本发明提供了一种在不接触的情况下熔合聚集在一起以形成至少两个簇的热塑性长丝的端部的方法，所述簇被布置为彼此相距一定距离，所述方法具有以下步骤：提供至少两个热塑性长丝簇的布置，所述簇具有被布置为彼此相距一定距离的端部；提供由导电材料至少部分地制成的加热板，该加热板被结构化成使得形成至少两个加热部件，所述加热部件彼此由被布置用于发出至少少于加热部件的热辐射的至少一个分隔部件分开，所述加热部件各自包含导电材料，并且加热部件中的每个在加热板的加热侧上具有加热表面，所述加热表面的形状和位置与簇端部的形状和位置相对应；使簇的端部暴露于加热板，使得簇端部与加热部件彼此对齐；并且生成流经加热部件的电流，使得加热部件的加热表面发出被长丝的端部吸收的热辐射，使得长丝的端部熔融，从而每个簇的长丝熔合在一起。
附图说明
将通过一般方面和示例性实施方案的详细描述来进一步说明本发明的装置和方法。进一步的描述也涉及用于方便理解本发明的装置和方法的附图。在附图中
图1A为牙刷在顶视图中的示意性图示，该牙刷包括热塑性长丝簇，其中一些簇具有不同的横截面形状和不同的横截面积；
图1B为图1A中所示牙刷的纵切，其中可以看到，簇具有嵌入形成牙刷头部的材料中的熔合端部；
图2为在图3中线C-C指示的平面中截取的切穿用于熔合热塑性长丝簇的端部的装置的一个示例性实施方案的横截面，其中另外显示了切穿通过其提供具有待熔合端部的簇的孔板的横截面；
图3为沿图2中的线B-B指示的平面切穿图2中所示装置的横截面；
图4为沿图3中的线D-D指示的平面切穿图2中所示装置的横截面；
图5为切穿用于熔合热塑性长丝簇的端部的装置的另一个示例性实施方案的横截面；
图6为切穿用于熔合热塑性长丝簇的端部的装置的另一个示例性实施方案的横截面；
图7为切穿用于熔合热塑性长丝簇的端部的装置的另一个示例性实施方案的横截面，该装置包括感应加热单元；
图8为顶视图在加热板的加热侧上的加热板的示意性图示，其中示出了两组加热部件的加热表面。
具体实施方式
本发明的装置和方法涉及选择性地(并且具体地以非接触方式)加热至少两个簇各自要被加热板熔合的热塑性长丝布置的簇端部的特征，该加热板具有在加热板的加热侧上具有加热表面的加热部件。加热表面具有与簇端部相同或至少相似的形状，并且它们的相对位置基本上也一致。任选地，加热表面具有与簇布置的簇端部相同的面积或比簇布置的簇端部大的面积。至少两个加热部件和它们相应的加热表面被至少部分地邻接加热表面的至少一个分隔部件分开，该分隔部件被布置为发出比加热表面少的热辐射。在一些实施方案中，分隔部件至少部分地实现为间隙，例如作为穿过加热板的通孔，或作为切口(并且因此不发出热辐射)，这不应该排除在一些实施方案中加热部件被导电材料桥电连接。在具有三个或更多个加热部件的实施方案中，每对相邻的加热部件被分隔部件分开。
根据本发明，加热部件包括导电材料。在一些实施方案中，加热表面由导电材料制成。在一些实施方案中，加热部件包括由不导电材料(例如由陶瓷材料)至少部分地制成的加热表面，可以提前将不导电材料涂敷到导电材料层以产生辐射表面，具体地是粗糙辐射表面。在一些实施方案中，分隔部件至少部分地由电绝缘材料实现。在一些实施方案中，分隔部件包括不发出像加热部件那么多热辐射的导电材料，例如通过具有较低的电阻率或较大的体积或不同的表面粗糙度。
与使用基本上非结构化的大尺寸加热板进行非接触熔合的先前已知方法相比，本发明的方法和装置具体地经由加热部件的加热表面(而不是经由红外线辐射灯或类似物)发出热辐射，该加热表面与簇端部在形状和位置(并且可选尺寸)上是对齐的。可以将加热表面加热至一定程度，使得热辐射足以熔融在辐射方向以特定距离提供的簇端部。在熔合过程期间，簇端部与加热表面之间的距离可以介于约0.05mm和约5mm之间的范围内，另选地介于约0.1mm和约2mm之间的范围内。已经进行了介于0.1mm和1.6mm之间的测量。在这些测量中，加热表面的温度介于500摄氏度至约800摄氏度之间的范围内。虽然据信围绕加热部件的用于电连接加热部件以使电流流经整个加热板的任何导电材料可以被环境空气冷却，使得围绕加热部件的导电材料的温度将总是比加热部件的材料低相当多，另外可以认为提供了加热部件外部的加热板的材料的活性冷却。此类冷却具体地可以用在其中加热部件被嵌入电绝缘材料(参见下文)的实施方案中。
在一些实施方案中，加热板的加热部件的加热表面是由比形成至少部分地邻接加热部件的至少一个分隔部件的导电材料的电阻具有更高电阻的导电材料制成的。在一些实施方案中，这是位于加热部件的导电材料层比形成至少部分分隔部件的导电材料的层厚更薄的结果，和/或这是用于实现加热部件的导电材料比形成至少部分分隔区域的导电材料的电阻率更高的结果。当足够的电流流经加热部件，即通常电流最高至200安培时将发出足够的热辐射。在一些实施方案中，形成加热部件的导电材料的层厚为约或低于1.0mm，具体地低于900μm，低于800μm，低于700μm，低于600μm，低于500μm，低于400μm，低于300μm，低于200μm，或低于100μm。在一些实施方案中，形成加热部件的导电材料的层厚为500μm左右，例如介于250μm至750μm之间的范围内，或介于约400μm至约600μm之间的范围内。在一些实施方案中，分隔部件中导电材料的层厚为高于1.0mm，具体地高于1.5mm，高于2.0mm，高于3.0mm，高于4.0mm，高于5.0mm，或高于10mm。
在一些实施方案中，热塑性长丝可以基本上由尼龙(例如聚酰胺(PA)6.6、聚酰胺6.10、聚酰胺6.12)制成，或由聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)制成，其中例如PA 6.6具有260℃的熔点。在一些实施方案中，加热部件由嵌入电绝缘材料中的导电材料实现。一般且具体地是在后面的实施方案中，经过加热部件的电流可以为由电感应单元引起的涡电流，这将在下文进一步解释。
本发明中的加热部件为包括导电材料的加热板的结构化部分，该结构化部分在加热板的加热侧上具有加热表面，该加热表面趋于发出比至少部分地邻接相应的至少两个加热部件的分隔部件的表面区域更高量的热辐射，具体地是因为加热部件包括比加热板的邻近(即邻接)区域中的导电材料具有更高电阻的导电材料或因为加热部件被嵌入绝缘材料。
电阻率ρ(也已知为阻抗、比电阻或体积电阻率)量化给定材料如何强烈地反抗电流的流动。低电阻率表明材料易于使电荷移动。例如，18％铬/8％镍奥氏体不锈钢具有ρ钢＝6.9·10-7Ω·m的电阻率，铜的ρ铜＝1.68·10-8Ω·m，PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)的ρPET＝1.0·1021Ω·m(所有值在20℃的温度下给出)。电阻率是一种材料属性。一块具有长度l和横截面积A的电阻性材料对抗在其长度方向两端之间电流流动的电阻R由R＝ρ·l/A给出。因此，如所周知，给定长度的一块均匀材料的电阻可以通过减小其横截面积来增大。
完全绝缘的材料不存在。在本公开内，“导电材料”将指具有电阻率低于ρ＝1.0Ω·m(特别地，该界限可以设定为低于ρ＝1.0·10-1Ω·m)的材料，并且“绝缘材料”将指具有电阻率高于ρ＝1.0Ω·m(特别地，该界限可以设定为高于ρ＝1.0·103Ω·m)的材料。诸如钢、铜、银、金、铁的金属(允许自由电子流动)和金属合金等是良好的导电材料。其它导电材料包括无定形碳、导电陶瓷诸如ITO和导电聚合物诸如PEDOT:PSS。本公开范围内特别适合的导电材料为在上文提到的约500摄氏度至约800摄氏度的温度下热稳定的那些导体。诸如钢、铜、铝、银的许多金属，包括铁基合金或铜基合金如黄铜、青铜或铍铜(ASTM B194,B196,B197)等的许多金属合金在本公开的含义内为热稳定的(即不会显著变形或熔融或换句话讲降解，使得材料可用于工业上合理的时间段)。良好的隔离材料为玻璃、纸材、干燥木材、Teflon、PET、硬橡胶、橡胶状聚合物、绝缘陶瓷诸如氧化铝或滑石陶瓷，以及许多塑料等。
电流经过导体的通道经被称为电阻加热(或欧姆加热或焦耳加热)的过程释放热。如本文所述的用于熔合热塑性长丝的端部的装置使用电阻加热，这导致热辐射具体地是红外线辐射的散发，以足量被长丝的端部所吸收，使得暴露的长丝端部的热塑性材料加热并熔融，然后熔融的材料形成如本领域所周知并在前文论述过的球状结构。本公开提议使用加热板用于加热，在操作期间(即当电流流经加热部件时)在对应于聚集成簇的长丝端部位置的加热部件的加热表面处选择性地发出热辐射。通常，刷头包括多个(即至少两个)此类簇的布置。因此，提议的加热板具有聚集在一起的至少两个加热部件，使得它们的形状和位置对应于当暴露于加热板时长丝簇端部的形状和位置。布置这些加热部件之间的分隔部件以发出比用于加热簇端部的加热部件更少的热辐射。由于热辐射主要从这些相对小的加热部件的加热表面发出，所以本发明的装置不像大规模加热单元那样多地加热环境，而是选择性地主要加热簇端部。因此，节约了能量，并且可以精确控制长丝端部的加热。在其中提供簇的载体将比已知大尺寸加热板加热更少，并且可以在熔合过程后马上手动处理。
据发现，本文所述的装置和方法不仅可用于水平熔合(即簇被布置为基本平行于地球重力的方向)，而且也用于竖直熔合(即其中簇基本上倾向于与地球重力的方向相反，具体地其中簇被布置为基本上垂直于地球重力的方向)。这是由于如下事实：本发明的装置和方法允许簇端部的限定加热，并且在将加热板从簇移开时非常快速地冷却。熔融的簇端部非常快地熔化，并且当移开热辐射源时也非常快地固化，使得基本上没有滴落的塑料熔体“鼻子”产生。现有熔合技术使用大尺寸IR灯加热整个环境，使得至少可能很难避免在竖直熔合期间产生所提到的鼻子。具体地是当这些现有的熔合技术比本文所论述的熔合技术熔融多得多的材料时。由于对簇端部限定加热，因此所熔融材料的体积比在例如普通的IR基熔合中低，并且所熔融材料的表面张力因此更高并有效减少了鼻子或甚至滴落材料的产生。因此，本发明的装置和方法允许牙刷生产线有更多设计自由。
本发明的加热板具有长丝端部将暴露于其的加热侧。因此，加热侧具有对应于加热板的加热部件的加热表面，使得加热表面在装置运行期间选择性地发出热辐射。加热部件的加热表面区域的形状和大小将基本上对应于其端部将被熔合在一起的长丝簇的形状和大小(即使这样，将不排除加热部件的加热表面可以比簇端部稍大以在簇端部上提供基本上均匀的热分布)。因此，加热板的加热部位上的每个加热部件的加热表面的面积将介于约0.25mm2和约250mm2之间的范围内，具体地在约0.5mm2和约100mm2之间的范围内，其中更具体地上限可以较小，诸如约90mm2，80mm2，70mm2，60mm2，50mm2，40mm2，30mm2，20mm2，10mm2，5mm2，4mm2、3mm2或2mm2。如在今天的许多牙刷中所使用的典型圆柱形簇可以具有介于约0.5mm至约2.5mm之间范围内的直径，具体地介于约1.0mm至约2.0mm之间的范围内，更具体地介于约1.3mm至约1.8mm之间的范围内。作为一个示例，具有1mm直径的圆形簇具有约0.785mm2的面积。然后，相应的加热部件可以具有圆柱体形状以及同样约0.785mm2的面积，或者可以稍大，例如可以具有圆形形状并具有约1.13mm2的面积，这将涉及具有直径1.2mm的圆形区域，即使这样也设想了相对更大的加热部件。一些牙刷包括大尺寸的单个簇，诸如Oral-B牙刷，其在最前端具有约28mm2面积的大尺寸单个簇(然后可以认为30mm2为合适的上限)。显然，可以设想甚至更大的单个簇(然后可以认为50mm2为合适的上限)。各个簇分别被布置为彼此相距一定距离，否则它们将形成具有致密排列长丝的单个簇。以一定距离布置簇，以使最终牙刷的自由长丝端部在紧靠牙齿表面施力时移动。牙刷簇区域的相邻簇之间的典型距离可以介于约0.2mm至约5.0mm之间的范围内，具体地介于约0.5mm和约2.0mm之间的范围内。在一些今天的牙刷中使用了约0.8mm至约1.6mm的相邻簇之间的距离。因此，相邻加热部件的加热表面之间的距离通常为同一次序；或者如果加热表面比要熔合的相应簇端部的表面稍大，那么相邻加热部件的加热表面之间的距离可以稍小，即因此在平行于加热板的加热侧的平面上测量加热部件的加热表面之间的距离为介于约0.1mm至约5.0mm之间的范围内，具体地介于约0.3mm和约2.0mm之间的范围内。在一些实施方案中，加热板可包括至少两组加热部件，其中每组加热部件可以与用于另一个刷头的簇对齐。因此，在此类实施方案中，属于相邻组的相邻加热表面之间的距离可以比一组的加热表面的距离更大。
在一些实施方案中，通过由导电材料诸如不锈钢制成的加热板以及加热部件中的导电材料的厚度比至少部分地邻接加热部件的导电材料的分隔区域的厚度减缩来提供选择性加热，使得当电流流经加热板时加热部件中电阻加热增大。这将不排除加热板可以具有邻接加热部件的切口，并且只有连接较薄导电材料的加热部件的较厚导电材料的桥接，以使电流能够流经加热部件(即加热板不必没有从加热板的后侧延伸至前侧的通孔和/或切口，前侧也为加热板的加热侧)。加热板中的通孔和切口也用于使空气流经过加热板，因此，使围绕加热部件的区域诸如所提及的桥接冷却。
在一些实施方案中，通过加热表面上与分隔部件的由导电材料制成的邻接表面上的平均轮廓粗糙度Ra的差值来实现至少两个加热部件的加热表面的较高热辐射。此类平均轮廓粗糙度差值可以例如同加热部件的导电材料与分隔部件的导电材料的层厚差值相结合，但是层厚也可以为常数。例如，加热板可以通过一片导电金属诸如具有介于100μm至1.0mm之间，具体地约0.5mm厚度的不锈钢材料来实现。然后通过提供在加热部件的加热表面上的平均轮廓粗糙度比分隔部件的相应表面的平均轮廓表面粗糙度更高来形成加热部件。用于加热表面的平均轮廓粗糙度的典型值为Ra≥20μm，具体地为Ra≥25μm(可以使用Ra≤200μm，具体地Ra≤200μm，并且更具体地Ra≤50μm的上限)。用于分隔部件的表面的平均轮廓粗糙度的典型值为Ra≤10μm，具体地Ra≤5μm，并且更具体地Ra≤2.0μm。典型的抛光表面具有Ra≤1.0μm的平均轮廓粗糙度(其中最终磨削导致Ra≤0.2μm的平均轮廓粗糙度)。可以通过喷砂诸如金属粉末或陶瓷粉末的材料颗粒选择性激光熔化到具有低平均轮廓粗糙度的表面上，或通过激光烧蚀来生成较粗糙的加热表面。根据DIN EN ISO 4287来测量平均轮廓粗糙度。
在一些实施方案中，加热部件中的至少一个在加热板的加热侧上具有凹形加热表面，使得热辐射将比用平坦加热表面可能更聚焦。在一些实施方案中，至少两个加热部件由不同的厚导电材料制成和/或由不同电阻率的材料制成，使得从这些加热部件的每单元面积发出不同量的热辐射，这使得可能控制在簇的不同端部所递送的热(其中不同簇可以包括由不同材料制成的或具有不同直径需要不同的加热程度来熔融的长丝)。
在一些实施方案中，加热板包括至少两组加热部件，其中每组包括至少两个加热部件，任选其中加热部件组中的每组它们各自的加热部件具有相同的相对布置。这使得可能使用一个加热板在一瞬间熔合与不同刷头相关的长丝簇端部。
在一些实施方案中，至少一个加热表面为非平坦表面，例如可以为凹形。另外或另选地，加热表面中的至少一个可以布置为比另一个加热表面在辐射方向上处于不同的距离水平(其中辐射方向基本上垂直于加热板的加热侧，或换句话讲，垂直于加热板的长度和宽度延伸，其中深度延伸与辐射方向平行)。这些特征使簇端部的加热能够对簇布置形貌更好地自适应。
通常，加热板可以由烧结的，具体地是激光烧结的材料，具体地是导电材料制成，即使这样，加热板也可以包括绝缘材料。
与加热侧相对的加热板背面可以与可提供稳定性的背板连接，因为加热板可在加热部件之外包括许多通孔和/或加热部件可包括不具有高固有稳定性的薄层导电材料。背板具体地可以至少部分地由绝缘材料制成，因为电流应该只流经加热板而不经背板。另选地或除此之外，背板可以绝缘以有效降低经由加热板背面的热能损失。图1A和1B为一个示例性手动牙刷1(图1A)和由图1A中的线A-A指示的平面中切穿该牙刷1的纵向截面的示意性图示。牙刷1包括头部10和柄部20，该柄部具有颈杆区域21和抓握区域22。头部10具有植入载体11中的簇12,13，其中十二个具有圆柱形横截面的基本上相同的簇12被布置为三个纵列，每列具有四个簇，这些列彼此平行，并且具有基本上矩形横截面的较大簇13被布置在头部10的最前端处。例如，簇12可以各自具有20至60根刷毛长丝(例如挤出的热塑性塑料长丝(例如由PA6.12尼龙制成))，而簇13可以具有100至300根刷毛长丝。在所示的实施方案中，簇12,13全部具有嵌入载体11的材料中的熔合端部14,15。
如本领域所知，可以在簇端部从其中延伸的孔板中提供簇用于熔合(如图2中示意性地示出)。然后，将簇的端部暴露于热，直到它们熔融并且簇的长丝熔合在一起形成球状结构。在一些实施方案中，可以将压模推到热的熔合球上直到它们如图1B中所指出的那样平坦，但这是一个任选步骤。然后，可以将熔合的簇置于(与在其中提供它们的孔板一起)模具的腔中，其中至少(注入)模制围绕所熔合的簇端部的载体11。在(注入)模制载体的同一步骤中，也可以将柄部20作为与载体11一起的整体部分来模制。在一些实施方案中，可以模制电动牙刷的头部而没有任何更多的柄部部分。尽管示出了手动牙刷，但是可以相同的技术来实现适用于电动牙刷或任何其它刷物(例如发刷、鞋刷、衣服刷等)的刷头。
在下文中，论述了用于熔合根据本发明的簇端部的装置300的一个示例性实施方案，并且提及图2、3和4，它们示出了切穿装置的不同横截面。图2也示意性地示出了簇单元400，通过其将簇提供至熔合装置300。
图2为切(沿如图3中所指出的线C-C截取)穿用于熔合簇端部的示例性装置300并且另外切穿簇单元400(装置300与簇单元400之间的距离不是按比例的)的示意性横截面。簇单元400包括在其中提供热塑性长丝80簇40,50的孔板30，使得簇的端部41,51延伸超出孔板30，并且可以暴露于从装置300发出的热辐射90，如将进一步解释。这里的孔板30包括在其中设置簇40,50的盲孔31,32，即使这样，通孔也可以适合。
用于熔合簇端部的装置300包括加热板100和背板200(其同样为可选的)的示例性实施方案，并且还包括一个电流源310(在图4中示出)用于可转换产生电流流经加热板100。加热板100至少部分地由诸如不锈钢或铜或铝或任何其它导电材料的导电材料制成。加热板100被结构化，并且包括位置和形状与簇40,50的端部41,51的位置和形状(如上文所解释可能也有大小)对齐的加热部件110,120,130,140(在图3中示出更多的加热部件150,160,170)，使得加热部件110,120,130,140和簇的端部41,51可以进入精确对齐的相对位置。加热板100具有加热侧101，该加热侧旨在用于发出热辐射90用于熔合簇40,50的端部41,51。每个加热部件110,120,130,140分别与加热板100的加热侧101上的加热表面111,121,131,141相关联。当开启足够的电流流经加热板100时，加热表面111,121,131,141以适用于熔融并熔合在常规辐射方向E以给定距离d1排列的簇40,50的长丝端部的量发出热辐射90，使得簇40,50的熔融端部41,51形成熔融材料的球状结构(“熔合球”)，一旦熔合球冷却就连接长丝。为了布置加热表面以发出足够的热辐射，可以将加热部件所包括的导电材料的电阻相对于围绕加热部件的区域中导电材料的电阻放大。在图2中(与图3结合)可以看到，加热部件110,120,130,140的导电材料部分113,123,133,143的层厚d2(沿辐射方向E测量)小于介于相邻加热部件之间的分隔区域的导电材料的结构的层厚d3(沿辐射方向E测量)，后者的导电材料形成介于加热部件之间的桥接191,192,193,194,195(以及如图3所示桥接196,197)。如上文一般性地所解释，一块给定长度的材料的电阻通过减小其横截面积来增大。因此，加热部件处较薄材料厚度层具有比围绕它们的桥接更高的电阻。因此，当电流流经加热板100时在这些较薄材料层中比在桥接中生成更多欧姆热。在一些实施方案中，材料为不锈钢，较薄材料层的厚度为约0.5mm，并且电流最高至200安培。加热部件中的导电材料的层厚可以适于在相应加热部件的位置处熔合期间所需量的热辐射(在图7中示出不同的加热部件可以具有不同层厚的导电材料)。加热部件中的层厚可以被从加热板100的背面102向加热侧101延伸的加热板100中的凹陷112,122,132,142的深度控制。切割平面中的加热部件110,120,130,140的宽度114,124,134,144适应于簇端部41,51的宽度。
由电隔离材料制成的背板200被固定至加热板100的背面102。背板200为可选的特征，并且在一方面可以提供附加稳定性，具体地是当加热板包括许多通孔和/或切口(如在图3中可以看到这里示出的示例性实施方案)时，并且在另一方面可以热隔离以有效降低经由背板102的热辐射损失和/或位于加热板100后侧区域中部分的加热。
图3为在如图2中的线B-B指示的平面中切穿装置300。总之，这里示出的加热板100具有七个加热部件110,120,130,140,150,160,170，其中较大的加热部件110与较大的簇(图2中的簇40)相合，并且其它六个加热部件被布置为每行三个加热部件的两个平行行。显然，基于待熔合的簇的形貌可以设想加热部件的任何其它形状和数目和布置方式。在图3中，示出导电材料的桥接191,192,193,194,195,196,197连接加热部件；这些桥接形成介于加热部件之间的分隔区域的一部分；通孔也形成分隔区域的一部分。桥接被布置用于发出比加热部件较少的热辐射，并且通孔显然不发出热辐射。在运行中，当足够的电流流经加热板100时，加热部件发光使得发出足够的热辐射90，如图2中所示意性指出，以熔融并熔合簇的端部，而较低电阻的桥接仍保持较冷，并且由于被环境空气所冷却甚至可以保持在较冷水平更长时间(为了冷却的原因，鼓风机可以引发空气流经装置300)。也预期使用活性冷却，例如经由穿过桥接的其中循环冷却剂的管子。
图4为沿图3中的线D-D指示的平面切穿装置300的横截面。据显示，电线312将电流源310与加热板100连接，并且可以控制开关311用于可转换的电流流动。
图5为用于熔合簇端部的装置300A的另一个示例性实施方案的一部分的示意性图示。与之前示出的实施方案不同的是，加热部件110A和加热部件120A,130A,140A具有基本上相同的导电材料层厚，但是加热部件110A的加热表面111A被布置为在辐射方向E1中不同于其它加热表面121A,121A,131A的距离水平。辐射方向可以与地球重力的方向平行，或者与其成角度(具体地是在“竖直”熔合的布置中基本上垂直于地球重力的方向)。距离水平中的差距h可用于更强地加热特定的簇端部或适应其中簇端部也处于不同高度水平的情况。
图6是用于熔合簇端部的另一个装置300B的示意性示出，其中加热部件110B的加热表面111B为非平坦表面，并且在这里凹面成形，使得实现所发出热辐射的聚集效果。
图7为具有与图2中所示装置100相同常规设定的用于熔合簇端部的装置的另一个实施方案的示意性图示，但是这里没有实现电流源与加热板100C的直接耦合，但是在加热板100C上面(并且在背板200C上面)布置了包括AC源610C和线圈组620C的电感应装置600C。通常，电感应单元600C被布置为提供周期性改变的电磁场，这在加热板100C的导电材料中感应涡电流。在图7中也指出，由其实现加热部件110C,120C,130C,140C的材料可以与由其实现桥接191C,192C,193C,194C,195C的材料不同。不同的加热部件包括不同的导电材料也是可能的。在一些实施方案中，桥接的材料可以为电绝缘材料。在一些实施方案中，桥接191C,192C,193C,194C,195C可以由比加热部件110C,120C,130C,140C的导电材料部分113C,123C,133C,143C具有更低电阻率的材料制成。也如图7中所指出的那样，加热部件中的至少一个可以具有与另一个加热部件的层厚d5不同的导电材料层厚d4。这里，示出了较大的加热部件110具有比其它加热部件120,130,140,150的层厚d5较小的层厚d4。每个加热部件具有不同的层厚当然也是可能的。需注意，不同的层厚、不同的导电材料、非平坦加热表面、不同的距离水平等可以所有可能的方式全部结合。
图8为用在用于熔合热塑性长丝簇端部的装置中的加热板100D的一个示例性实施方案的加热侧的示意性图示。加热板100D包括两个组701D和702D，每组具有相同相对布置的八个加热部件，其中加热部件的加热表面111D和111E以点线示出。应当清楚，显然可以在加热板上实现超过两组加热部件，并且也不排除加热部件中的至少两组在加热部件中的一个的至少尺寸或相对位置等方面彼此不同。在加热板上配置两组或更多组加热部件使得可能在一个熔合步骤中熔合两个或更多个刷头的簇端部。然后，例如包括如图2所示簇的两个或更多个孔板可以在位置方面与加热部件组中的每组对齐提供，以便在单一熔合步骤中熔合簇端部。在所示的实施方案中，加热部件并且具体地是加热表面111D和111E可以由嵌入形成加热板100D的其余部分的绝缘材料101D中的导电材料制成。
应当了解，本文所公开的量纲和值不旨在严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反，除非另外指明，否则每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如，公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于在不接触的情况下熔合聚集成至少两个簇的热塑性长丝的端部的装置，所述至少两个簇被布置为彼此相距一定距离，所述装置包括加热板，所述加热板由导电材料至少部分地制成以用于在电流流经所述导电材料时发出热辐射，其中所述加热板被结构化成使得形成各自包括导电材料的至少两个加热部件，所述加热部件彼此由至少一个分隔部件分开，所述分隔部件被布置用于发出至少少于所述加热部件的热辐射，并且每个加热部件在所述加热板的加热侧上具有加热表面，其中所述加热表面中的每一个加热表面具有介于0.25mm2至250mm2之间范围内的面积。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热部件中的至少两个加热部件具有不同形状的加热表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热部件中的至少一个加热部件包括导电材料层，所述导电材料层在辐射方向上比所述分隔部件的导电材料层薄，所述分隔部件至少部分地邻接所述至少一个加热部件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热部件中的至少一个加热部件包括导电材料，所述导电材料具有比所述分隔部件所包括的导电材料高的电阻率，所述分隔部件至少部分地邻接所述至少一个加热部件。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热部件的至少所述加热表面由导电材料形成并且被嵌入形成所述分隔部件的绝缘材料中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中至少一个加热部件的所述加热表面为非平坦表面。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热板包括至少两组加热部件，每组包括所述加热部件中的至少两个加热部件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热板与绝缘背板连接，所述绝缘背板位于与所述加热板的加热侧相背对的一侧上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热板为具有凹陷的导电材料块，所述凹陷从所述加热板的与所述加热侧相背对的后侧在所述加热部件的位置处延伸到所述加热板中。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热板的至少一部分由烧结的导电材料制成。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中至少两个加热部件被布置成使得它们各自的加热表面相对于辐射方向处于不同的距离水平。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述装置包括用于感应地生成流经所述加热部件的电流的感应单元。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的装置，其中所述装置包括与所述加热板联接的电流源。
14.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述加热表面中的至少一个加热表面具有低于100mm2的面积。
15.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中所述加热部件的导电材料的厚度低于1.0mm。
16.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中所述至少一个加热部件的加热表面具有平均轮廓粗糙度，所述平均轮廓粗糙度低于所述分隔部件的辐射表面的平均轮廓粗糙度。
17.根据权利要求16所述的装置，其中所述加热表面的平均轮廓粗糙度为Ra≥20μm，并且所述分隔部件的辐射表面的平均轮廓粗糙度为Ra≤10μm。
18.根据权利要求17所述的装置，其中所述分隔部件的辐射表面的平均轮廓粗糙度为Ra≤2μm。
19.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其中所述加热表面是凹面成形的。
20.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其中加热部件组中的每个组的各自加热部件具有相同的相对布置。
21.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述绝缘背板也是隔热的。
22.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中所述加热板还具有邻近所述加热部件中的至少一个加热部件布置的至少一个通孔或切口。
23.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中所述加热板的至少一部分由激光烧结的导电材料制成。
24.一种在不接触的情况下熔合热塑性长丝的端部的方法，所述热塑性长丝聚集在一起以形成被布置为彼此相距一定距离的至少两个簇，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供至少两个热塑性长丝簇的布置，所述簇具有被布置为彼此相距一定距离的端部；
提供由导电材料至少部分地制成的加热板，所述加热板被结构化成使得形成至少两个加热部件，所述加热部件彼此被至少一个分隔部件分开，所述分隔部件被布置用于发出比所述加热部件至少更少的热辐射，所述加热部件各自包括导电材料，并且所述加热部件中的每个加热部件在所述加热板的加热侧上具有加热表面，所述加热表面在形状和位置方面对应于所述簇的端部的形状和位置；
使所述簇的端部暴露于所述加热板，使得所述簇端部与所述加热部件彼此对齐；并且
生成流经所述加热部件的电流，使得所述加热部件的加热表面发出被所述长丝的端部吸收的热辐射，使得所述长丝的端部熔融并且每个簇的长丝被熔合在一起。
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WO2015094991A1 (en) 2015-06-25
BR112016012843B1 (pt) 2022-02-22
AU2014366260A1 (en) 2016-06-02
MX2016007780A (es) 2016-09-07
EP2886009B1 (en) 2019-01-30
BR112016012843A2 (zh) 2017-08-08
US9636898B2 (en) 2017-05-02
CN105828662A (zh) 2016-08-03
KR20160088907A (ko) 2016-07-26
US20150165740A1 (en) 2015-06-18
CA2932141A1 (en) 2015-06-25

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