CN105820138A - 用于治疗bcl-2蛋白相关疾病的abt-263晶体形式和溶剂化物 - Google Patents
用于治疗bcl-2蛋白相关疾病的abt-263晶体形式和溶剂化物 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D295/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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Abstract
用于治疗BCL?2蛋白相关疾病的ABT?263晶体形式和溶剂化物。ABT?263游离碱和其晶体形式是药物组合物的合适的活性药物组分,用于治疗以一种或多种抗凋亡Bcl?2家族蛋白的超表达为特征的疾病,例如癌症。
Description
本申请是申请日为2010年9月15日、申请号为201080041775.3、发明名称为“用于治疗BCL-2蛋白相关疾病的ABT-263晶体形式和溶剂化物”的PCT申请的分案申请。
本申请要求2009年9月20日提交的美国临时申请系列号61/244,051的优先权权益。
交叉引用包括与本申请相关的主题的下列未决美国申请∶系列号12/770,112,标题“凋亡促进剂的液体制剂(Lipid formulation of apoptosis promoter)”;系列号12/770,174,标题“凋亡促进剂的稳定化液体制剂(Stabilized lipid formulation ofapoptosis promoter)”;系列号12/770,205,标题“ABT-263的固体口服制剂(Solid oralformulation of ABT-263)”;和系列号12/770,299,标题“用于凋亡促进剂口服施用的制剂(formulation for oral administration of apoptosis promoter)”,它们都于2010年4月29日提交。
将上面每个申请的全部公开内容并入本文中作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及凋亡-促进剂ABT-263、其固态形式及包含这种固态形式和/或用这种固态形式制备的制剂、和其用于治疗疾病的方法,该疾病以抗凋亡Bcl-2家族蛋白的超表达为特征。更特别地,本发明涉及ABT-263的晶体形式,例如,在制备用于给予需要其的受试者ABT-263的药物组合物中用作活性药物组分(API)。
背景技术
凋亡的逃避是癌症的特点(Hanahan & Weinberg(2000)Cell 100:57-70)。癌细胞必须克服由细胞应激所造成的连续冲击,例如,会导致正常细胞经历凋亡的DNA损伤、癌基因活化、异常细胞周期进程和苛刻的微环境。癌细胞通过其逃避凋亡的一种主要方法是通过上调Bcl-2家族的抗凋亡蛋白。
已经描述了占据Bcl-2蛋白的BH3结合沟的化合物,例如,Bruncko等人(2007)J.Med. Chem. 50:641-662。 这些化合物包括N-(4-(4-((4′-氯-(1,1′-联苯基)-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲酰基)-4-(((1R)-3-(二甲基氨基)-1-((苯基硫烷基)甲基)丙基)氨基)-3-硝基苯-磺酰胺,其另外称为ABT-737,其具有下式∶
ABT-737与Bcl-2家族的蛋白(具体地说,Bcl-2,Bcl-XL和Bcl-w)以高亲合性(<1 nM)结合。其针对小细胞肺癌(SCLC)和淋巴恶性肿瘤显示出单一药剂活性,并且增强其它化疗剂的促凋亡效果。ABT-737和相关的化合物和制备这种化合物的方法公开在Bruncko等人的美国专利申请公开2007/0072860中。
近年来,对Bcl-2家族蛋白具有高结合亲合性的其它系列化合物已经得到了鉴定。这些化合物和制备它们的方法公开在Bruncko等人的美国专利申请公开号2007/0027135(本文中的“'135公开”)中,本文以引用的方式引入其全部内容,并且从它们的式子可以看出它们与ABT-737结构上是相关的。
鉴定为'135公开中“实施例1”的一种化合物是N-(4-(4-((2-(4-氯苯基)-5,5-二甲基-1-环己-1-烯-1-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲酰基)-4-(((1R)-3-(吗啉-4-基)-1-((苯基硫烷基)甲基)丙基)氨基-3-((三氟甲基)磺酰基)苯磺酰胺,其另外称为ABT-263。 该化合物具有974.6 g/mol的分子量,并且具有下式∶
可得自Cancer Research Online (cancerres.aacrjournals.org/)的Tse等人(2008)Cancer Res. 68:3421–3428及其补充数据已报导了ABT-263的药物动力学研究,其如’135公开中所述地合成。该药物在10%二甲亚砜(DMSO)的聚乙二醇(PEG) 400溶液或10%乙醇/30% PEG400/60% Phosal 50-PG™中配制。
需要改进治疗的疾病的具体类型是非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)。在美国,NHL是第六种最普遍类型的新癌症,并且主要出现在60-70岁的患者中。NHL不是单一疾病,而是相关疾病的家族,基于包括临床特征和组织学的几个特征对其进行分类。
一种分类方法基于疾病的自然史将不同的组织亚型归为两种主要类型,即,疾病是否是惰性的(indolent)或攻击性(aggressive)的。通常,惰性亚型生长迟缓,并且通常不能治愈,而攻击性的亚型生长快速,并且可能治愈。滤泡性淋巴瘤是最常见的惰性亚型,并且扩散的大细胞淋巴瘤构成最常见的攻击性亚型。最初在非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤中描述了癌蛋白质Bcl-2。
滤泡性淋巴瘤的治疗典型地由基于生物学的治疗或组合化疗构成。通常使用利妥昔单抗(rituximab)、环磷酰胺、多柔比星、长春新碱和泼尼松(R-CHOP)的组合治疗,如同利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、长春新碱和泼尼松(RCVP)的组合治疗一样。也使用利用利妥昔单抗(靶向CD20,在B细胞的表面上均匀表达的磷蛋白)或氟达拉滨的单一药剂治疗。化疗方案中加入利妥昔单抗可以提供改善的应答率和增加的无进展生存。
放射免疫治疗药剂、高剂量化疗和干细胞移植可用于治疗难治或复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤。目前,还没有产生治愈的被批准的治疗方案,并且现行指导方针建议患者在临床试验的背景下进行治疗,甚至在一线情况下。
患有攻击性大B细胞淋巴瘤的患者的一线治疗典型由利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、多柔比星、长春新碱和泼尼松(R-CHOP),或剂量调节的依托泊苷、泼尼松、长春新碱、环磷酰胺、多柔比星和利妥昔单抗(DA-EPOCH-R)构成。
大部分淋巴瘤最初对这些治疗中的任何一种都有应答,但肿瘤典型地复发并且最终变得难治。由于患者接受的方案数量提高,所以,疾病变得更具有化疗抗性。对一线治疗的平均应答为大约75%,对二线治疗为60%,对三线治疗为50%,并且对四线治疗为大约35-40%。在多次复发情况下,认为对于单一药剂接近20%的应答率是积极的并且保证进一步研究。
现行的化疗剂通过由各种机理引起凋亡而引起它们的抗癌应答。然而,许多肿瘤最终变得对这些药剂具有抗性。在体外短期存活试验和近年来在体内,Bcl-2和Bcl-XL已经显示赋予化疗抗性。这表明,如果可以开发针对抑制Bcl-2和Bcl-XL的功能的改进治疗,则可以成功地克服这种化疗抗性。
发明内容
当按照'135公开的实施例1制备时,化合物ABT-263作为无定形、玻璃状固体回收,其不适合作为用于下游制剂的活性药物组分(API)。更具体地,ABT-263的该无定形形式难于纯化并且因此纯化是昂贵的,并且具有工艺控制问题。在2009年4月30日提交的共同未决的美国临时申请系列号61/174,274(通过引用并入本文但不承认其构成本发明的现有技术)中示例的一种方法是制备作为晶体盐的ABT-263。在另一方法中,本发明人现在已经能够制备一系列新晶体形式的ABT-263游离碱,其在多种制剂类型中适合于用作API,包括API以颗粒形式与赋形剂一起存在的那些,例如,在可口服递送的片剂或胶囊剂中。
具体实施方式
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了固态晶体形式的N-(4-(4-((2-(4-氯苯基)-5,5-二甲基-1-环己-1-烯-1-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲酰基)-4-(((1R)-3-(吗啉-4-基)-1-((苯基硫烷基)甲基)丙基)氨基-3-((三氟甲基)磺酰基)苯磺酰胺(ABT-263)游离碱。
在一个进一步实施方案中,本发明提供了无溶剂晶型的ABT-263游离碱,其在本文中表征并且指定为形式 I ABT-263游离碱。
在一个更进一步实施方案中,本发明提供了无溶剂晶型的ABT-263游离碱,其在本文中表征并且指定为形式 II ABT-263游离碱。
在多种更进一步实施方案中,本发明提供了ABT-263游离碱与有机溶剂的溶剂化晶体形式。
在一个更进一步实施方案中,本发明提供了药物组合物,其包含晶体ABT-263游离碱(例如,如上文提供的形式I或形式II)和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在又一实施方案中,本发明提供了用于制备ABT-263的药物溶液组合物的方法,其包括将晶体ABT-263游离碱(例如,如上文提供的形式I或形式II)溶解在药学上可接受的溶剂或溶剂混合物中。
在一个更进一步实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗疾病的方法,该疾病以凋亡功能障碍和/或抗凋亡Bcl-2家族蛋白的超表达为特征,该方法包括:给予患有该疾病的受试者治疗有效量的晶体形式的ABT 263游离碱(例如,如上文提供的形式I或形式II)或包含晶体形式的ABT-263游离碱(例如,如上文提供的形式I或形式II)和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。这种疾病的例子包括许多肿瘤疾病,包括癌症。可以按照本方法治疗的具体说明性类型的癌症是非霍奇金淋巴瘤。可以按照本方法治疗的另一种具体说明性类型的癌症是慢性淋巴细胞性白血病。可以按照本方法治疗的又一个具体说明性类型的癌症是急性淋巴细胞性白血病,例如,在儿科患者中。
更进一步提供了维持人癌症患者的血流中ABT-263和/或其一种或多种代谢产物的治疗有效血浆浓度的方法,例如,所述患者是患有非霍奇金淋巴瘤的患者,包括给予受试者包含晶体形式的ABT-263游离碱(例如,如上文提供的形式I或形式II)和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物,剂量为每天大约50至大约1000 mg ABT-263,平均剂量间隔为大约3小时至大约7天。
本发明的其它实施方案,包括上面所提供那些的更具体方面,可以在随后的详细说明中得到,或可以通过随后的详细说明而变得很明显。
附图简述
图1是无溶剂晶型形式I ABT-263游离碱的PXRD扫描。
图2是无溶剂晶型形式II ABT-263游离碱的PXRD扫描。
实施例
术语“游离碱”是为了方便而在本文中使用,其指的是与其任何盐不同的ABT-263母体化合物,同时应该了解,严格来说,该母体化合物是两性离子,并由此不能始终起到真正的碱的作用。
术语“无溶剂”在本文中指多晶型物如形式I或形式II ABT-263游离碱的晶格,溶剂已通过去溶剂化从中去除。溶剂可以在化合物的固态颗粒中少量存在,而不是多晶型物的晶体结构的一部分或以其它方式影响多晶型物的晶体结构,溶剂的这种存在仍然与多晶型物“无溶剂”一致,如该术语在本文中应用的。
ABT-263游离碱可以通过如上面所引用的美国专利申请公开2007/0027135的实施例1中所述方法来制备,本文以引用的方式并入其全部公开内容。该方法的产物是无定形、玻璃状固体。粉末可以从该产物制备,例如通过冷冻-干燥或沉淀技术。
如下所述,已经制备ABT-263游离碱的溶剂化物。起始产物可以是任何固态形式的ABT-263游离碱,包括根据’135公开制备的无定形形式。
将测量量的ABT-263游离碱(如所示的,任何固态形式都可以应用)悬浮于如表1所示的许多溶剂或溶剂混合物的每一个中。将得到的悬浮液在环境温度搅动,同时避光。在足以允许每一情况下的ABT-263游离碱溶剂化的时期之后,通过滤器离心收获晶体。得到的溶剂化物通过粉末X-线衍射(PXRD)表征。
表1. ABT-263游离碱晶体溶剂化物的制备
溶剂 | 化合物重量 (mg) | 溶剂体积 (ml) |
2-丙醇 | 106.2 | 1.0 |
1-丙醇 | 160.1 | 1.25 |
乙酸乙酯:乙醇 (1:3, v/v) | 108.7 | 0.5 |
乙酸甲酯:己烷 (1:1, v/v) | 76.2 | 0.5 |
氯仿 | 110.3 | 0.5 |
甲醇 | 107.3 | 1.0 |
1,4-二烷:己烷 (1:2, v/v) | 99.5 | 0.75 |
甲苯 | 104.3 | 1.0 |
苯 | 100.3 | 0.5 |
乙酸乙酯 | ~250 | 0.25 |
乙酸异丙酯 | ~250 | 0.25 |
乙酸甲酯 | ~250 | 0.25 |
三氟甲苯 | ~250 | 0.25 |
使用配备有弧形位置灵敏探测器和平行束光学装置的G3000衍射器(Inel Corp.,Artenay,France)收集PXRD数据。在40 kV和30 mA下,用铜阳极管(1.5 kW细焦)操作衍射器。入射束锗单色仪提供单色辐射。使用衰减的直射光束、以一度间隔校正衍射器。使用硅粉线位置对照标准( NIST 640c)检查校正。使用Symphonix软件(Inel Corp., Artenay,France)用计算机控制仪器,并使用Jade软件(version 6.5,Materials Data,Inc.,Livermore,CA)分析数据。将样品装填到铝样品座上,并与载玻片水平。
如上确定的各个溶剂化物的PXRD峰列于表2-14中。峰位置典型地是±0.2度2-theta(°2θ)。
表2. PXRD峰列表∶ABT-263游离碱1-丙醇溶剂化物
表3. PXRD峰列表∶ABT-263游离碱2-丙醇溶剂化物
表4. PXRD峰列表∶ABT-263游离碱苯溶剂化物
表5. PXRD峰列表∶ABT-263游离碱氯仿溶剂化物
表6. PXRD峰列表∶ABT-263游离碱1,4-二烷/己烷溶剂化物
表 7. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱乙酸甲酯/己烷溶剂化物
表8. PXRD峰列表∶ABT-263游离碱甲醇溶剂化物
表 9. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱甲苯溶剂化物
表 10. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱乙醇/乙酸乙酯溶剂化物
表 11. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱乙酸乙酯溶剂化物
表 12. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱乙酸异丙酯溶剂化物
表 13. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱乙酸甲酯溶剂化物
表 14. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱三氟甲苯溶剂化物
此外,制备苯甲醚、吡啶和2-丙醇溶剂化物的单晶用于通过下列方法进行结晶学分析。将单晶个别置于MiTeGen聚酰亚胺架上。在装配APEX II CCD照相机的Bruker D8系统上收集强度数据。在100 K收集数据,其带有石墨-单色Mo Ka辐射(λ = 0.71073 Ǻ)。应用ω–φ扫描和0.5°的ω步骤及90°的φ步骤在4个设置中收集数据。利用20 s帧暴露收集数据。应用APEX2软件处理数据。应用针对Lorentz偏振效果的校正。吸收可以忽略。所有结构应用产生非氢原子的直接方法解析。所有存在的氢原子位于傅里叶差分电子密度图中。所有非氢原子各向异性地精修。与碳原子相关的氢原子在几何限制的安放位置中精修。与氧原子相关的氢原子包含在定位位置中。精修应用SHELXTL 结晶学软件实现。
为了制备苯甲醚溶剂化物的单晶,将无定形ABT-263游离碱溶解在0.5 ml苯甲醚中。2天后观察单晶。用于苯甲醚溶剂化物的结晶学数据在表15中呈现,并且根据晶体结构计算的PXRD峰在表16中列出。
表 15.用于ABT-263游离碱苯甲醚溶剂化物的结晶学信息
晶格类型 | 正交晶的 |
空间群 | P212121 |
晶胞长度 a | 12.112 Å |
晶胞长度 b | 14.120 Å |
晶胞长度 c | 38.710 Å |
晶胞角 α | 90.0° |
晶胞角 β | 90.0° |
晶胞角 γ | 90.0° |
晶胞体积 | 6620.24 Å3 |
Z | 4 |
表 16. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱苯甲醚溶剂化物
(由晶体结构计算)
为了制备吡啶溶剂化物的单晶,将晶体ABT-263游离碱(900 mg)悬浮于吡啶/己烷混合物(8 ml, 1:4 v/v)中。使悬浮液静置并去除上清液并加热至50℃。将无定形ABT-263游离碱 (100 mg) 于50℃溶于上清液并将得到的溶液冷却至室温。1周后观察单晶并发现其为吡啶溶剂化物。用于吡啶溶剂化物的结晶学数据呈现于表17中,并且根据晶体结构计算的PXRD峰列在表18中。
表 17. 用于ABT-263游离碱吡啶溶剂化物的结晶学信息
晶格类型 | 单斜晶的 |
空间群 | P21 |
晶胞长度 a | 13.901 Å |
晶胞长度 b | 11.931 Å |
晶胞长度 c | 38.935 Å |
晶胞角 α | 90.0° |
晶胞角 β | 90.154° |
晶胞角 γ | 90.0° |
晶胞体积 | 6457.46 Å3 |
Z | 4 |
表 18. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱吡啶溶剂化物
(由晶体结构计算)
为了制备2-丙醇溶剂化物的单晶,将大约100 mg ABT-263游离碱溶于大约1 g 乙酸乙酯中。将得到的溶液加入2.7 g 2-丙醇。加入ABT-263游离碱形式I的晶种。2天后观察单晶。用于2-丙醇溶剂化物的结晶学数据呈现于表19中,并且根据晶体结构计算的PXRD峰列在表20中。
表 19. 用于ABT-263游离碱2-丙醇溶剂化物的结晶学信息
晶格类型 | 单斜晶的 |
空间群 | P21 |
晶胞长度 a | 13.834 Å |
晶胞长度 b | 36.105 Å |
晶胞长度 c | 19.104 Å |
晶胞角 α | 90.0° |
晶胞角 β | 110.56° |
晶胞角 γ | 90.0° |
晶胞体积 | 8934.19 Å3 |
Z | 6 |
表 20. PXRD峰列表: ABT-263游离碱2-丙醇溶剂化物
(根据晶体结构计算)
与表3的比较示出根据单结晶数据计算的峰位置和通过PXRD确定的那些之间的紧密一致性。一些峰中的小移位可反映两种方法中不同的温度条件(对于单晶为100 K,对于PXRD为室温)。
上文描述的悬浮结晶技术是产生制备溶剂化晶体必需的过饱和的几种已知方式中的仅仅一种。其它过程包括:
· 抗溶剂(anti-solvent)添加(将ABT-263溶于第一溶剂或溶剂混合物中,其中其在高浓度是可溶的,并且将可与第一溶剂或溶剂混合物混溶的抗溶剂加入得到的溶液中);
· 上述抗溶剂添加过程的变体,例如其中将ABT-263溶液加入抗溶剂;
· 温度梯度(在升高的温度下将ABT-263溶于溶剂或溶剂混合物,并且将得到的溶液冷却至较低温度,例如,低于环境温度);
· 溶剂蒸发(将ABT-263溶于溶剂或溶剂混合物,随后将其蒸发);和
· 反应结晶(将盐形式的ABT-263与酸溶于溶剂或溶剂混合物,并将得到的溶液加入中和剂如氢氧化钠、碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠的溶液中,使得游离碱结晶出来;可选地,可以应用ABT-263盐和碱,在该情况下将pH用酸性中和剂调整以使得游离碱结晶出来)。
上述过程的组合可以在期望时应用。具体细节如产生过饱和的速度(例如通过加入抗溶剂或中和剂的速度、冷却速度或溶剂蒸发速度)可以容易地由本领域技术人员优化而不应用过多实验。
乙醇/乙酸乙酯溶剂化物例如通过风干的去溶剂化提供ABT-263游离碱的无溶剂晶体形式。这种晶体形式称为形式I。形式I ABT-263游离碱的PXRD扫描示于图1中。形式IABT-263游离碱的PXRD峰列于表21中。具有基本上如其中所表明峰的PXRD图可用于鉴定晶体ABT-263游离碱,更具体地是形式I ABT-263游离碱。本上下文中的短语“基本上如所表明的”是指所具有的峰从所表明的位置移动不超过大约0.2°2θ。
表21. PXRD峰列表∶无溶剂晶型形式I ABT-263游离碱
大多数溶剂化物,包括1-丙醇、2-丙醇、甲醇、二烷/己烷、乙酸甲酯/己烷、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯和氯仿溶剂化物的去溶剂化提供无溶剂晶体形式的ABT-263游离碱,通过PXRD显示,其与通过乙醇/乙酸乙酯溶剂化物去溶剂化产生的晶体形式相同。
吡啶、苯甲醚和三氟甲苯溶剂化物的去溶剂化提供无溶剂晶体形式的ABT-263游离碱,通过PXRD显示,其与通过乙醇/乙酸乙酯溶剂化物的去溶剂化所制备的形式不同。衍生自吡啶、苯甲醚或三氟甲苯溶剂化物的去溶剂化的晶体形式称为形式II。形式II ABT-263游离碱的PXRD扫描示于图2中。形式II ABT-263游离碱的PXRD峰列于表22中。具有基本上如其中所表明峰的PXRD图可用于鉴定晶体ABT-263游离碱,更具体地形式II ABT-263游离碱。
表22. PXRD峰列表∶无溶剂晶型形式II ABT-263游离碱
已在不同场合观察到苯和甲苯溶剂化物的去溶剂化以提供鉴定为形式I或形式II的晶体。当得到较高结晶度产物时,其最密切地匹配形式II。
PXRD峰特别诊断形式I ABT-263游离碱,尤其是将形式I与形式II区分,包括处于6.21、6.72、12.17、18.03和20.10° 2θ的峰,在每种情况下 ± 0.2° 2θ。在一个实施方案中,形式I ABT-263游离碱的特征至少在于在这些位置中的任一或更多处的峰。在另一实施方案中,形式I ABT-263游离碱的特征至少在于在这些位置中的每一个处的峰。在又一实施方案中,形式I ABT-263游离碱的特征在于在表21中示出的位置的每一个处的峰。
PXRD峰特别诊断形式II ABT-263游离碱,尤其是将形式II与形式I区分,包括在5.79、8.60、12.76、15.00和20.56° 2θ的峰,在每种情况下 ± 0.2° 2θ。在一个实施方案中,形式II ABT-263游离碱的特征至少在于在这些位置中的任一或更多处的峰。在另一实施方案中,形式II ABT-263游离碱的特征至少在于在这些位置中的每一个处的峰。在又一实施方案中,形式II ABT-263游离碱的特征在于在表22中示出的位置的每一个处的峰。
任何晶体形式的ABT-263游离碱,包括溶剂化形式,都可以用作API用于制备药物组合物。但是,无溶剂形式如形式I和形式II对于此目的是一般优选的。
如上述,溶剂化形式用作制备无溶剂形式如形式I和形式II中的工艺中间体。因此从本文公开内容清楚的是,本发明的实施方案提供与有机溶剂溶剂化的晶体形式的ABT-263游离碱。术语“有机溶剂”在本文中将理解为包含单一有机溶剂和有机溶剂的混合物。更具体地,根据该实施方案,提供了晶体ABT-263游离碱溶剂化物,选自1-丙醇、2-丙醇、甲醇、苯、甲苯、二烷/己烷、乙酸甲酯/己烷、乙醇/乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯、氯仿、吡啶、苯甲醚和三氟甲苯溶剂化物。
根据本文公开内容将进一步清楚的是,本发明的实施方案提供了用于制备形式IABT-263游离碱的方法,包括对选自1-丙醇、2-丙醇、甲醇、二烷/己烷、乙酸甲酯/己烷、乙醇/乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸异丙酯和氯仿溶剂化物的ABT-263游离碱溶剂化物去溶剂化。
根据本文公开内容将进一步清楚的是,本发明的实施方案提供了用于制备形式IIABT-263游离碱的方法,包括对选自吡啶、苯甲醚和三氟甲苯溶剂化物的ABT-263游离碱溶剂化物去溶剂化。在相关的实施方案中,用于制备形式II ABT-263游离碱的方法包括对选自苯和甲苯溶剂化物的ABT-263游离碱溶剂化物去溶剂化。
ABT-263晶体游离碱,例如形式I、形式II或其组合,可以用于制备适合于对需要其的受试者的任何给药途径的药物组合物,包括口服。由此,在本发明的某些实施方案中,提供了药物组合物,其包含ABT-263晶体游离碱和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。这种组合物可以通过制药学的任何已知方法制备。在一个实施方案中,组合物包含晶体形式IABT-263游离碱。在另一个实施方案中,组合物包含晶体形式II ABT-263游离碱。按照这些实施方案中的任一种,可以递送该组合物,例如,通过口服途径。其它给药途径包括但不限于:肠胃外,舌下,口腔(buccal),鼻内,肺部,局部,透皮,皮内,眼睛,耳部,直肠,阴道,胃内,颅内,滑膜内和关节内途径。
在期望提供溶液形式的ABT-263游离碱、例如液体制剂用于口服或肠胃外施用的情况下,ABT-263游离碱当然不会以晶体形式存在于这种制剂中,事实上,晶体的存在在这种制剂中是一般不期望的。但是虽然如此,本发明的晶体ABT-263游离碱在用于制备这种制剂的方法中作为API可以是重要的。因此,本发明进一步提供了用于制备ABT-263的药物溶液组合物的方法,包括将晶体ABT-263游离碱溶于药学上可接受的溶剂或溶剂混合物中。在一个实施方案中,方法包括将晶体形式I ABT-263游离碱溶于溶剂或溶剂混合物中。在另一实施方案中,组合物包括将晶体形式II ABT-263游离碱溶于溶剂或溶剂混合物中。
即使在期望制剂是包含无定形形式ABT-263游离碱的制剂例如固体熔融制剂的情况下,晶体ABT-263游离碱仍然可以用作用于制备这种制剂的方法中的API。例如,用于制备ABT-263游离碱的固体分散体的示例性方法包括:
(a) 在合适溶剂中溶解API,其包含(i) 晶体ABT-263游离碱,(ii) 药学上可接受的水溶性聚合载体,和 (iii) 药学上可接受的表面活性剂;以及
(b) 去除溶剂以提供固体基质,所述基质包含聚合载体和表面活性剂并具有以基本上非晶体形式在其中分散的ABT-263游离碱。
另一示例性方法包括将晶体ABT-263游离碱加入至少一种药学上可接受的聚合物和至少一种增溶剂中,从得到的混合物制备均质熔体,并且使熔体固化以获得固体分散体产物。
作为API,晶体形式的ABT-263游离碱如形式I、形式II或其混合物具有优于迄今可得的无定形形式的优势。例如,与无定形形式相对在API为晶体的情况下,API至大多数管理机构要求的高度纯度的纯化是更有效的,并且因此花费更少。API固体的物理和化学稳定性以及因而货架期对于晶体一般比无定形形式好。处理的容易性相对于无定形形式改进,无定形形式趋于是油性或粘性的。与无定形材料的情况相比,在晶体材料的情况下,干燥是更直接的并且更容易控制,晶体材料具有充分限定的干燥或去溶剂化温度,无定形形式对有机溶剂具有较大的亲和力并具有不充分限定的干燥温度。粒度分布可以更容易地在晶体材料中控制,例如通过操纵结晶过程。应用晶体API的下游处理使得工艺控制得到增强。在制备液体制剂例如液体载体中的溶液时,晶体ABT-263溶解得较快,并且具有较少的倾向在溶解过程中形成凝胶。这些优势是示例性和非限制性的。
当按照合适方案给予需要其的受试者该组合物时,包括晶体ABT-263游离碱或应用晶体ABT-263游离碱作为API制备的药物组合物包含可以为治疗有效的量的ABT-263。本文以游离碱当量数量表示剂量数量,除非上下文另外要求。典型地,单位剂量(单次给予的数量)为大约10至大约1,000 mg,其可以以合适频率给予,例如,每天两次至每周一次。在给药频率是每天一次(q.d.)的情况下,单位剂量和日剂量相同。举例说明地,在本发明的组合物中,ABT-263的单位剂量可以是大约25至大约1,000 mg,更典型地是大约50至大约500mg,例如大约50 mg、大约100 mg、大约150 mg、大约200 mg、大约250 mg、大约300 mg、大约350 mg、大约400 mg、大约450 mg或大约500 mg。在以离散剂型例如片剂或胶囊剂制备该组合物的情况下,单位剂量可以以单个剂型递送或以小的多个剂型递送,最典型地是1至大约10个剂型。
单位剂量越高,选择允许在制剂中相对高API(在这种情况下是ABT-263游离碱)负荷的赋形剂变得越期望。典型地,根据本发明制备的制剂中的ABT-263游离碱的浓度是按重量计至少大约1%,例如,大约1%至大约25%,但在特定病例中,可以接受或达到更低和更高浓度。举例说明地,在各种实施方案中,ABT-263游离碱当量浓度是按制剂重量计至少大约2%,例如,大约2%至大约20%重量,例如大约5%、大约10%或大约15%。
除了API之外,根据本发明制备的组合物还包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。如果组合物要以固态形式制备用于口服施用,例如片剂或胶囊剂,其典型地包括至少一种或多种固体稀释剂和一种或多种固体崩解剂。任选地,赋形剂进一步包括一种或多种粘合剂、润湿剂和/或抗摩擦剂(润滑剂、防粘剂和/或助流剂)。在药物组合物中,许多赋形剂具有两种或更多种功能。本文中表征具体赋形剂具有某些功能,例如,稀释剂、崩解剂、粘合剂等等,这不应该被解读为限于该功能。关于赋形剂的详细信息可以在标准参考资料中找到,例如Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 3rd ed.(Kibbe, ed.(2000),Washington: American Pharmaceutical Association)。
举例说明地,合适稀释剂单独或联合地包括:乳糖,包括无水乳糖和乳糖一水合物;乳糖醇;麦芽糖醇;甘露糖醇;山梨糖醇;木糖醇;葡萄糖和葡萄糖一水合物;果糖;蔗糖和蔗糖基稀释剂,例如可压缩糖,糖果店的糖和糖球;麦芽糖;肌醇;水解谷物固体;淀粉(例如,玉米淀粉,麦淀粉,米淀粉,马铃薯淀粉,木薯淀粉,等等),淀粉组分,例如直链淀粉和葡聚糖(dextrate),和改性或加工的淀粉,例如预胶凝淀粉;糊精;纤维素,包括粉末纤维素,微晶纤维素,硅化微晶纤维素,食品等级的α-和非晶态纤维素和粉末纤维素,和醋酸纤维素;钙盐,包括碳酸钙,正磷酸钙,磷酸氢钙二水合物,一代硫酸钙一水合物,硫酸钙和颗粒状乳酸钙三水合物;碳酸镁;氧化镁;膨润土;高岭土;氯化钠;等等。这种稀释剂如果存在的话典型地构成按组合物重量计总计大约5%至大约95%,例如大约20%至大约90%或大约50%至大约85%。优选地,所选择的一种或多种稀释剂显示出合适的流动特性,如果在期望片剂的情况下显示出可压缩性。
微晶纤维素和硅化微晶纤维素是特别有用的稀释剂,并且任选与水溶性的稀释剂例如甘露糖醇组合使用。举例说明地,微晶纤维素或硅化微晶纤维素与甘露糖醇的合适重量比为大约10:1至大约1:1,但在特定情况下,超出该范围的比例可以是有用的。
合适的崩解剂单独或联合地包括:淀粉,包括预胶凝淀粉和羟乙酸淀粉钠;粘土;硅酸镁铝;纤维素基崩解剂,例如粉末纤维素,微晶纤维素,甲基纤维素,低取代的羟丙基纤维素,羧甲纤维素,羧甲纤维素钙,羧甲纤维素钠和交联羧甲纤维素钠;海藻酸盐;聚维酮;交联聚维酮;聚克利林钾(polacrilin potassium);树胶,例如琼脂,瓜尔胶,槐豆,刺梧桐树胶,果胶和西黄蓍胶;胶体二氧化硅;等等。一种或多种崩解剂如果存在的话典型地构成按组合物重量计总计大约0.2%至大约30%,例如大约0.5%至大约20%,或大约1%至大约10%。
羟乙酸淀粉钠是特别有用的崩解剂,并且典型地构成按组合物重量计总计大约1%至大约20%,例如大约2%至大约15%,或大约5%至大约10%。
粘合剂或粘附剂是有用的赋形剂,尤其是在组合物是片剂形式的情况下。这种粘合剂和粘附剂应该为待压片掺合物赋予充分粘合,以便允许正常加工操作,例如筛分、润滑、压缩和包装,但仍允许片剂崩解和组合物在摄入时吸收。合适的粘合剂和粘附剂单独或联合地包括:阿拉伯胶;西黄蓍胶;葡萄糖;聚葡萄糖;淀粉,包括预胶凝淀粉;明胶;改性纤维素,包括甲基纤维素,羧甲纤维素钠,羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC),羟丙基纤维素,羟乙基纤维素和乙基纤维素;糊精,包括麦芽糖糊精;玉米醇溶蛋白;海藻酸和海藻酸的盐,例如海藻酸钠;硅酸镁铝;膨润土;聚乙二醇(PEG);聚氧化乙烯;瓜尔胶;多糖酸;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(聚维酮或PVP),例如聚维酮K-15、K-30和K-29/32;聚丙烯酸(卡波姆);聚甲基丙烯酸酯;等等。一种或多种粘合剂和/或粘附剂(如果存在的话)典型地构成按组合物重量计总计大约0.5%至大约25%,例如大约1%至大约15%,或大约1.5%至大约10%。
单独或联合的聚维酮和羟丙基纤维素是特别有用的片剂制剂的粘合剂,并且如果存在的话,典型地构成按组合物重量计大约0.5%至大约15%,例如大约1%至大约10%,或大约2%至大约8%。
润湿剂如果存在的话,其通常选择为保持药物与水密切结合,这种条件可以提高组合物的生物利用度。可以用作润湿剂的表面活性剂的非限制性例子单独或联合地包括:季胺化合物,例如苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵和氯化十六烷基吡啶;磺基丁二酸钠二辛酯;聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚,例如壬苯醇醚(nonoxynol)9、壬苯醇醚10和辛苯醇醚9;泊洛沙姆(聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物);聚氧乙烯脂肪酸甘油酯和油,例如聚氧乙烯(8)辛酸/癸酸甘油单酯和甘油二酯,聚氧乙烯(35)蓖麻油和聚氧乙烯(40)氢化蓖麻油;聚氧乙烯烷基醚,例如十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚-10、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-4、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-23、油基聚氧乙烯醚-2、油基聚氧乙烯醚-10、油基聚氧乙烯醚-20、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-2、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-10、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-20、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-100和聚氧乙烯(20)十六十八基醚;聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯,例如聚氧乙烯(20)硬脂酸酯,聚氧乙烯(40)硬脂酸酯和聚氧乙烯(100)硬脂酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇酯,例如脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯,脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯和脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯;聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇酯,例如聚山梨酸酯20和聚山梨酸酯80;丙二醇脂肪酸酯,例如丙二醇月桂酸酯;月桂基硫酸钠;脂肪酸和其盐,例如油酸、油酸钠和油酸三乙醇胺;甘油基脂肪酸酯,例如单油酸甘油酯,单硬脂酸甘油酯和硬脂酸棕榈酸甘油酯;泰洛沙泊(tyloxapol);等等。一种或多种润湿剂如果存在的话典型地构成按组合物重量计总计大约0.1%至大约15%,例如大约0.2%至大约10%,或大约0.5%至大约7%。
非离子型表面活性剂,更尤其是泊洛沙姆,是本文可以有用的润湿剂的例子。举例说明地,泊洛沙姆,例如PluronicTM F127如果存在的话,典型地构成按组合物重量计大约0.1%至大约10%,例如大约0.2%至大约7%,或大约0.5%至大约5%。
在片剂制剂的压缩期间,润滑剂降低压片混合物和压片设备之间的摩擦。合适润滑剂单独或联合地包括:山嵛酸甘油酯;硬脂酸和其盐,包括硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸钠;氢化植物油;硬脂酸棕榈酸甘油酯;滑石;蜡;苯甲酸钠;乙酸钠;富马酸钠;十八烷基富马酸钠;PEGs(例如,PEG 4000和PEG 6000);泊洛沙姆;聚乙烯醇;油酸钠;月桂基硫酸钠;月桂基硫酸镁;等等。一种或多种润滑剂如果存在的话典型地构成按组合物重量计总计大约0.05%至大约10%,例如大约0.1%至大约5%,或大约0.2%至大约2%。十八烷基富马酸钠是特别有用的润滑剂。
防粘剂降低片剂制剂与设备表面的粘附。合适的防粘剂单独或联合地包括:滑石,胶体二氧化硅,淀粉,DL-亮氨酸,月桂基硫酸钠和金属硬脂酸盐。一种或多种防粘剂如果存在的话典型地构成按组合物重量计总计大约0.05%至大约10%,例如大约0.1%至大约7%,或大约0.2%至大约5%。胶体二氧化硅是特别有用的防粘剂。
助流剂提高压片混合物中的流动特性,并且降低其中的静电。合适助流剂单独或联合地包括:胶体二氧化硅,淀粉,粉末纤维素,月桂基硫酸钠,三硅酸镁和金属硬脂酸盐。一种或多种助流剂如果存在的话典型地构成按组合物重量计总计大约0.05%至大约10%,例如大约0.1%至大约7%,或大约0.2%至大约5%。胶体二氧化硅是特别有用的助流剂。
其它赋形剂,例如缓冲剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、抗微生物剂、着色剂、矫味剂和甜味剂,在药物领域是已知的,并且可以在本发明的组合物中使用。片剂可以是无包衣的,或可以包含被包衣的核,例如,用非功能的膜或释放改进包衣或肠衣包衣。胶囊剂可以具有硬或软壳,其包含例如明胶(硬明胶胶囊或软弹性明胶胶囊形式)、淀粉、角叉菜聚糖和/或HPMC,任选连同一种或多种增塑剂。
本发明的固体口服递送组合物不受用于制备它的任何方法的限制。可以使用任何合适的药学方法,包括直接压缩或不直接压缩地干混,和湿或干法成粒。
如果要以液体(包括包封液体)形式制备组合物,可以将API(晶体ABT-263游离碱)例如溶于合适载体中,典型地是包含用于API的脂质溶剂的载体。单位剂量越高,选择在其溶液中允许相对高浓度的药物的载体变得越期望。典型地,在载体中的API的游离碱当量浓度是至少大约10 mg/ml,例如大约10至大约500 mg/ml,但在特定情况中,可以接受或达到更低和更高浓度。举例说明地,在各种实施方案中,药物浓度为至少大约10 mg/ml,例如,大约10至大约250 mg/ml,或至少大约20 mg/ml,例如,大约20至大约200 mg/ml,例如大约20、大约25、大约30、大约40、大约50、大约75、大约100、或大约150 mg/ml。
载体可以是基本上非水性的,即不含水,或具有足够少以便实际上对组合物的性能或特性基本上无害的水量。典型地,载体包含零至小于大约5%重量的水。可以理解,本文有用的某些组分可以在它们的分子或超分子结构之上或之内结合少量的水;这种结合水如果存在的话不影响本文所定义载体的“基本上非水性”特征。
在一些实施方案中,载体包括一种或多种甘油酯材料。合适的甘油酯材料包括但不限于:中至长链甘油单、二和三酯。本文中的术语“中链”是指单独地具有不少于大约6个和少于大约12个碳原子的烃基链,包括例如C8至C10链。由此,包含辛酰基和癸酰基链的甘油酯材料,例如,辛酸/癸酸甘油单、二和/或三酯是本文中的“中链”甘油酯材料的例子。本文中的术语“长链”是指单独具有至少大约12个碳原子的烃基链,例如大约12至大约18个碳原子,包括例如月桂基、十四烷基、鲸蜡基、十八烷基、油基、亚油基和亚麻基链。在甘油酯材料中的中至长链烃基可以是饱和的、单或多不饱和的。
在一个实施方案中,载体包含中链和/或长链甘油三酯材料。中链甘油三酯材料的合适例子是辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯产品,例如,Abitec Corp.的Captex 355 EPTM和与其基本上等价的产品。长链甘油三酯的合适例子包括任何药学上可接受的植物油,例如芥花油,椰油,玉米油,棉籽油,亚麻籽油,橄榄油,棕榈油,花生油,红花油,芝麻油,大豆油和向日葵油,和这些油的混合物。还可以使用动物、尤其是海洋动物来源的油,包括例如鱼油。
已经发现尤其有用的载体系统包括两个主要组分∶磷脂和用于该磷脂的药学上可接受的增溶剂。可以理解,本文中以单数形式提及的磷脂、增溶剂或其它制剂成分包括复数;由此,本文明确地考虑一种以上的磷脂或一种以上的增溶剂的组合,例如混合物。增溶剂或增溶剂和磷脂的组合也增溶药物,尽管在一些情况下任选存在于载体中的其它载体组分,例如表面活性剂或醇例如乙醇提供增强的药物溶解性。
可以使用任何药学上可接受的磷脂或磷脂的混合物。通常,这种磷脂是磷酸、脂肪酸、醇和含氮碱基水解时所产生的磷酸酯。药学上可接受的磷脂可以包括但不限于:磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰乙醇胺。在一个实施方案中,组合物包括从例如天然卵磷脂得到的磷脂酰胆碱。可以使用卵磷脂的任何来源,包括动物来源,例如蛋黄,但通常优选植物来源。大豆尤其富含卵磷脂,其可以提供本发明中使用的磷脂酰胆碱。
举例说明地,磷脂的合适数量为按载体重量计大约15%至大约75%,例如大约30%至大约60%,尽管在特定情况下,更大和更小的数量可以有用。
对用作增溶剂组分的成分没有特别限制,并且其在某种程度上取决于药物和磷脂的期望浓度。在一个实施方案中,增溶剂包括一种或多种二醇、一种或多种乙交酯和/或一种或多种甘油酯材料。
二醇通常仅适于非包封制剂或待应用软胶囊壳之时,并且倾向于不与硬壳如硬明胶壳相容。合适的二醇包括丙二醇和聚乙二醇(PEGs),其具有大约200至大约1,000 g/mol的分子量,例如PEG-400,其具有大约400 g/mol的平均分子量。这种二醇可以提供相对高的药物溶解度;然而,在包含这种二醇的载体中的溶液时,例如,由于二醇倾向于产生超氧化物、过氧化物和/或羟自由基,ABT-263氧化降解的可能性可以提高。载体的二醇含量越高,ABT-263的降解倾向可以越大。因此,在一个实施方案中,一种或多种二醇以总二醇数量为按载体重量计至少大约1%但少于大约50%,例如少于大约30%,少于大约20%,少于大约15%或少于大约10%存在。在另一个实施方案中,载体基本上不包含二醇。
乙交酯是用一种或多种有机酸例如中至长链脂肪酸酯化的二醇,例如丙二醇或PEG。合适实例包括例如丙二醇单辛酸酯、丙二醇单月桂酸酯和丙二醇二月桂酸酯产品,例如分别为Abitec Corp.的Capmul PG-8TM、Capmul PG-12TM和Capmul PG-2LTM以及基本上与其等价的产品。
与磷脂一起使用的合适甘油酯材料包括但不限于上述那些。在一种或多种甘油酯材料作为增溶剂的主要组分存在的情况下,甘油酯的合适总量是有效增溶磷脂的数量,并且在与载体的其它组分的组合中,在溶液中有效保持药物和抗氧化剂。例如,甘油酯材料(例如,中链和/或长链甘油三酯)可以以按载体重量计大约5%至大约70%,例如大约15%至大约60%或大约25%至大约50%的总甘油酯数量存在。
如果需要的话,可以包括不同于二醇、乙交酯或甘油酯材料的其它增溶剂。这种试剂,例如N-取代的酰胺溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA),可以在特定情况下有助于提高药物在载体中的溶解度限度,由此允许增加的药物负荷。然而,本文有用的载体通常不用这种其它试剂就提供ABT-263的足够溶解度。
即使当存在足够数量的二醇、乙交酯或甘油酯材料来溶解磷脂时,所得到的载体溶液和/或药物载体系统可能相当粘稠,并且难以操作或操作麻烦。在此情况下,发现可能期望的是,在载体中包含粘度降低剂,其数量有效提供可以接受的低粘度。这种试剂的例子是醇,更尤其是乙醇,其优选以基本上无水的形式引入,例如99%乙醇、脱水酒精USP或无水乙醇。然而,通常避免过高浓度的乙醇。这尤其在例如以明胶胶囊形式给予药物-载体系统的情况下是正确的,这是因为高乙醇浓度具有导致胶囊机械破损的倾向。通常,乙醇的合适数量是按载体重量计0%至大约25%,例如大约1%至大约20%,或大约3%至大约15%。在药物-载体系统待包封于硬胶囊如硬明胶胶囊中的情况下,二醇如丙二醇或PEG和中链单和二甘油酯(例如辛酸/癸酸单和二甘油酯)也可以有助于较低粘度;就此而言中链单和二甘油酯特别有用。
任选地,载体进一步包含药学上可接受的非磷脂表面活性剂。本领域技术人员将能够选择合适的表面活性剂用于本发明组合物。举例说明地,表面活性剂,例如聚山梨酸酯80可以以按载体重量计0%至大约5%,例如0%至大约2%或0%至大约1%的量包含。
方便地,可应用预先混合的产品,其包含合适的磷脂+增溶剂组合用于本发明的组合物。预先混合的磷脂+增溶剂产品在改进本组合物的制备容易性方面可以具有优势。
预先混合的磷脂+增溶剂产品的说明性例子是Phosal 50 PGTM,可得自Phospholipid GmbH,Germany,其包含按重量计不小于50%的磷脂酰胆碱,不超过6%的溶血磷脂酰胆碱,大约35%的丙二醇,大约3%的甘油单酯和甘油二酯(得自于向日葵油),大约2%的大豆脂肪酸,大约2%的乙醇和大约0.2%的抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯。
另一个说明性例子是Phosal 53 MCTTM,也可得自Phospholipid GmbH,其包含按重量计不小于53%的磷脂酰胆碱,不超过6%的溶血磷脂酰胆碱,大约29%的中链甘油三酯,3-6%(典型地大约5%)的乙醇,大约3%的甘油单酯和甘油二酯(得自于向日葵油),大约2%的油酸和大约0.2%的抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(参考组合物)。本文中,含有上述或基本上等价组分的产品(无论是否以Phosal 53 MCTTM商标销售)一般称为“磷脂酰胆碱+中链甘油三酯53/29”。在本上下文中,含有“基本上等价组分”的产品是指在其组分列表和组分的相对量方面含有与参考组合物充分相似的组分,从而在相对于本文产品使用的性能方面不显示出实际差别。
又一个说明性例子是Lipoid S75TM,可得自Lipoid GmbH,其在增溶系统中包含按重量计不小于70%的磷脂酰胆碱。其可以进一步与中链甘油三酯混合,例如,以30/70重量/重量混合物,以提供包含按重量计不小于20%的磷脂酰胆碱、2-4%的磷脂酰乙醇胺、不超过1.5%的溶血磷脂酰胆碱和67-73%的中链甘油三酯的产品(“Lipoid S75TM MCT”)。
又一个说明性例子是Phosal 50 SA+TM,可得自Phospholipid GmbH,其在包含红花油及其它成分的增溶系统中包含按重量计不小于50%的磷脂酰胆碱和不超过6%的溶血磷脂酰胆碱。
这些预先混合产品中每一种的磷脂酰胆碱成分源自于大豆卵磷脂。基本上等价组成的产品可以从其它供应商获得。
在某些实施方案中,预先混合的产品,例如Phosal 50 PGTM、Phosal 53 MCTTM、Lipoid S75TM MCT或Phosal 50 SA+TM可以基本上构成整个载体系统。在其它实施方案中,存在其它成分,例如乙醇(对于可能存在于预先混合产品中的任何来说是额外的),非磷脂表面活性剂例如聚山梨酸酯80,聚乙二醇和/或其它成分。这种额外的成分如果存在的话典型地只以微小数量包含。举例说明地,磷脂酰胆碱+中链甘油三酯53/29可以以按载体重量计大约50%至100%,例如大约80%至100%的量包括在载体中。
通过引用并入本文而不是承认其构成本发明现有技术的Krivoshik的美国专利申请公开号2009/0149461描述了临床试验,其应用当混合 (25 mg/ml)于列为Phosal 53 MCT™和脱水醇的稀释剂中时用于口服溶液的粉末形式的ABT-263作为试验药物。
ABT-263易在氧化环境中降解;由此,在组合物中包含抗氧化剂常常发现是期望的。药物组合物中使用的抗氧化剂是抑制氧化种类,例如三线态氧或单线态氧、超氧化物、过氧化物和羟自由基产生的最典型的试剂,或当它们产生时清除这种氧化种类的试剂。通常使用的这些类别的抗氧化剂的例子包括丁羟茴醚(BHA),丁羟甲苯(BHT),棕榈酸视黄酯,生育酚,没食子酸丙酯,抗环血酸和抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯。可以使用这种抗氧化剂;或者可以尤其使用更重的硫族(chalcogen)抗氧化剂。
硫族是元素周期表的16族(原来被称为VIA族)的元素,包括氧、硫、硒和碲。本文中,“更重硫族”是指具有比氧重的原子量的硫族,具体地说,包括硫和硒。“更重硫族抗氧化剂”或“HCA”是具有抗氧化性能的化合物,其包含一个或多个可氧化的硫或硒原子,最尤其是硫原子。不受理论束缚,认为HCAs主要起竞争性底物的作用,即,作为“牺牲的”抗氧化剂,其优先被氧化种类攻击,由此保护药物免于过度降解。
在一些实施方案中,HCA包括一种或多种式II的抗氧化剂化合物:
其中
n是0、1或2;
Y1是S或Se;
Y2是NHR1、OH或H,其中R1是烷基或烷基羰基;
Y3是COOR2或CH2OH,其中R2是H或烷基;和
R3是H或烷基;
其中烷基独立地任选被独立地选自下列的多个取代基中的一个取代:羧基,烷基羰基,烷氧羰基,氨基和烷基羰基氨基;其药学上可接受的盐;或者,其中Y1是S,R3是H,其-S-S-二聚体或这种二聚体的药学上可接受的盐。
在其它实施方案中,HCA是式III的抗氧化剂化合物:
其中
Y是S、Se或S-S;和
R4和R5独立地选自H、烷基和(CH2)nR6,其中n是0-10,并且R6是芳基羰基、烷基羰基、烷氧羰基、羧基或CHR7R8-取代的烷基,其中R7和R8独立地是CO2R9、CH2OH、氢或NHR10,其中R9是H、烷基、取代的烷基或芳烷基,且R10是氢、烷基、烷基羰基或烷氧羰基。
形成按照式II或式III的取代基的一部分的“烷基”取代基或“烷基”或“烷氧基”基团是具有1至大约18个碳原子的基团,并且可以由直链或支链组成。
形成按照式III的取代基的一部分的“芳基”基团是苯基,其是未取代的或被一个或多个羟基、烷氧基或烷基取代。
在某些实施方案中,式II中的R1是C1-4烷基(例如,甲基或乙基)或(C1-4烷基)羰基(例如,乙酰基)。
在某些实施方案中,式II中的R2是H或C1-18烷基,例如甲基,乙基,丙基(例如,正丙基或异丙基),丁基(例如,正丁基,异丁基或叔丁基),辛基(例如,正辛基或2-乙基己基),十二烷基(例如,月桂基),十三烷基,十四烷基,十六烷基或十八烷基(例如,硬脂基)。
R3典型地是H或C1-4烷基(例如,甲基或乙基)。
HCA可以是例如天然或合成的氨基酸或其衍生物,例如烷基酯或N-酰基衍生物,或这种氨基酸或衍生物的盐。在氨基酸或其衍生物衍生自天然来源的情况下,它典型地是L-构型;然而应当理解,如果需要的话,可以替代D-异构体和D,L-异构体混合物。
本文有用的HCAs的非限制性例子包括β-烷基巯基酮,半胱氨酸,胱氨酸,高半胱氨酸,甲硫氨酸,亚硫基二乙酸(thiodiglycolic acid),硫代二丙酸(thiodipropionicacid),硫代甘油,硒代半胱氨酸,硒代蛋氨酸和其盐、酯、酰胺和硫醚;和其组合。更具体地说,一种或多种HCAs可以选自:N-乙酰半胱氨酸,N-乙酰半胱氨酸丁酯,N-乙酰半胱氨酸十二烷基酯,N-乙酰基-半胱氨酸乙酯,N-乙酰半胱氨酸甲酯,N-乙酰半胱氨酸辛酯,N-乙酰基-半胱氨酸丙酯,N-乙酰半胱氨酸硬脂基酯,N-乙酰半胱氨酸十四烷基酯,N-乙酰半胱氨酸十三烷基酯,N-乙酰蛋氨酸,N-乙酰蛋氨酸丁酯,N-乙酰基-甲硫氨酸十二烷基酯,N-乙酰蛋氨酸乙酯,N-乙酰蛋氨酸甲酯,N-乙酰蛋氨酸辛酯,N-乙酰蛋氨酸丙酯,N-乙酰蛋氨酸硬脂基酯,N-乙酰蛋氨酸十四烷基酯,N-乙酰蛋氨酸十三烷基酯,N-乙酰基-硒代半胱氨酸,N-乙酰基硒代半胱氨酸丁酯,N-乙酰基硒代半胱氨酸十二烷基酯,N-乙酰基硒代半胱氨酸乙酯,N-乙酰基硒代半胱氨酸甲酯,N-乙酰基-硒代半胱氨酸辛酯,N-乙酰基硒代半胱氨酸丙酯,N-乙酰基硒代半胱氨酸硬脂基酯,N-乙酰基硒代半胱氨酸十四烷基酯,N-乙酰基硒代半胱氨酸十三烷基酯,N-乙酰基硒代蛋氨酸,N-乙酰基硒代蛋氨酸丁酯,N-乙酰基硒代蛋氨酸十二烷基酯,N-乙酰基硒代蛋氨酸乙酯,N-乙酰基硒代蛋氨酸甲酯,N-乙酰基硒代蛋氨酸辛酯,N-乙酰基硒代蛋氨酸丙酯,N-乙酰基-硒代蛋氨酸硬脂基酯,N-乙酰基硒代蛋氨酸十四烷基酯,N-乙酰基-硒代蛋氨酸十三烷基酯,半胱氨酸,半胱氨酸丁酯,半胱氨酸十二烷基酯,半胱氨酸乙酯,半胱氨酸甲酯,半胱氨酸辛酯,半胱氨酸丙酯,半胱氨酸硬脂基酯,半胱氨酸十四烷基酯,半胱氨酸十三烷基酯,胱氨酸,胱氨酸二丁酯,胱氨酸二(十二烷基)酯,胱氨酸二乙酯,胱氨酸二甲酯,胱氨酸二辛酯,胱氨酸二丙酯,胱氨酸二硬脂基酯,胱氨酸二(十四烷基)酯,胱氨酸二(十三烷基)酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二丁酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二乙酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二(十二烷基)酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二甲酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二辛酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二丙酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二硬脂基酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二(十四烷基)酯,N,N-二乙酰基胱氨酸二(十三烷基)酯,亚硫基二乙酸二丁酯,硫代二丙酸二丁酯,亚硫基二乙酸二(十二烷基)酯,硫代二丙酸二(十二烷基)酯,亚硫基二乙酸二乙酯,硫代二丙酸二乙酯,亚硫基二乙酸二甲酯,硫代二丙酸二甲酯,亚硫基二乙酸二辛酯,硫代二丙酸二辛酯,亚硫基二乙酸二丙酯,硫代二丙酸二丙酯,亚硫基二乙酸二硬脂基酯,硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯,亚硫基二乙酸二(十四烷基)酯,硫代二丙酸二(十四烷基)酯,高半胱氨酸,高半胱氨酸丁酯,高半胱氨酸十二烷基酯,高半胱氨酸乙酯,高半胱氨酸甲酯,高半胱氨酸辛酯,高半胱氨酸丙酯,高半胱氨酸硬脂基酯,高半胱氨酸十四烷基酯,高半胱氨酸十三烷基酯,甲硫氨酸,甲硫氨酸丁酯,甲硫氨酸十二烷基酯,甲硫氨酸乙酯,甲硫氨酸甲酯,甲硫氨酸辛酯,甲硫氨酸丙酯,甲硫氨酸硬脂基酯,甲硫氨酸十四烷基酯,甲硫氨酸十三烷基酯,S-甲基半胱氨酸,S-甲基-半胱氨酸丁酯,S-甲基半胱氨酸十二烷基酯,S-甲基半胱氨酸乙酯,S-甲基-半胱氨酸甲酯,S-甲基半胱氨酸辛酯,S-甲基半胱氨酸丙酯,S-甲基-半胱氨酸硬脂基酯,S-甲基半胱氨酸十四烷基酯,S-甲基半胱氨酸十三烷基酯,硒代半胱氨酸,硒代半胱氨酸丁酯,硒代半胱氨酸十二烷基酯,硒代半胱氨酸乙酯,硒代半胱氨酸甲酯,硒代半胱氨酸辛酯,硒代半胱氨酸丙酯,硒代半胱氨酸硬脂基酯,硒代半胱氨酸十四烷基酯,硒代半胱氨酸十三烷基酯,硒代蛋氨酸,硒代蛋氨酸丁酯,硒代蛋氨酸十二烷基酯,硒代蛋氨酸乙酯,硒代蛋氨酸甲酯,硒代蛋氨酸辛酯,硒代蛋氨酸丙酯,硒代蛋氨酸硬脂基酯,硒代蛋氨酸十四烷基酯,硒代蛋氨酸十三烷基酯,亚硫基二乙酸,硫代二丙酸,硫代甘油,其异构体和异构体的混合物,和其盐。
HCA化合物的盐可以是酸加成盐,例如乙酸盐,己二酸盐,海藻酸盐,碳酸氢盐,柠檬酸盐,天冬氨酸盐,苯甲酸盐,苯磺酸盐,硫酸氢盐,丁酸盐,樟脑酸盐,樟脑磺酸盐,二葡糖酸盐,甲酸盐,富马酸盐,甘油磷酸盐,谷氨酸盐,半硫酸盐,庚酸盐,己酸盐,盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,氢碘酸盐,乳糖酸盐,乳酸盐,马来酸盐,均三甲苯磺酸盐,甲磺酸盐,萘磺酸盐,烟酸盐,草酸盐,双羟萘酸盐,果胶酯酸盐,过硫酸盐,磷酸盐,苦味酸盐,丙酸盐,琥珀酸盐,酒石酸盐,硫氰酸盐,三氯乙酸盐,三氟乙酸盐,对甲苯磺酸盐和十一烷酸盐。在一个具体实施方案中,一个上面单独叙述化合物的盐酸盐以抗氧化剂有效量存在于组合物中。
不受理论束缚,普遍认为,更重硫族抗氧化剂,例如,上面举例说明的那些,由于本身更容易被氧化并因此比ABT-263优先氧化而保护ABT-263。通常,对于提供ABT-263的可接受的保护度的这种操作方式,式II或式III的抗氧化剂必须大量存在,例如,与ABT-263的摩尔比为至少大约1:10。在某些实施方案中,抗氧化剂与ABT-263的摩尔比为大约1:10至大约2:1,例如大约1:5至大约1.5:1。当该摩尔比是大约1:1、即大约8:10至大约10:8时,有时将会获得最好的结果。
尽管式II或式III的含硫抗氧化剂具有抗氧化效力,已发现当ABT-263以其游离碱形式使用时,在约1:1的摩尔比下,这种抗氧化剂具有得到贮存时变得浑浊的溶液的趋势。
但是,已发现当以液态溶液(但在抗氧化剂不存在时)配制时,ABT-263游离碱对亚砜制剂的易感性低于盐形式的ABT-263,例如ABT-263二-HCl。利用该发现,不同类别的含硫抗氧化剂可以与ABT-263游离碱一起应用,也就是亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、偏亚硫酸氢盐和硫代硫酸盐类别的无机抗氧化剂。使问题复杂的是,这些抗氧化剂的脂溶性差,在期望液态制剂时,并且必须以水溶液形式引入到载体或药物-载体系统中。水的存在促进在ABT-263溶液中形成亚砜,这正是设法减到最小的效果。为了限制所加入水的量,在本发明一个实施方案中,以大大低于提供与ABT-263浓度摩尔等价的那些的浓度加入脂溶性差的抗氧化剂。
如果使用脂溶性差的抗氧化剂,例如亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、偏亚硫酸氢盐或硫代硫酸盐抗氧化剂,在药物-载体系统中伴随有水,其数量不超过大约1%重量,例如大约0.2%至大约0.8%重量。可以被引进到这种少量水中的这种抗氧化剂的量典型地不超过按药物-载体系统重量计大约0.2%,例如,大约0.02%至大约0.2%,或大约0.05%至大约0.15%的量。
为了使加入到制剂中的水量减到最小,以相对浓缩的含水原液形式提供抗氧化剂是期望的,例如,具有至少大约10%重量的抗氧化剂。然而,已经发现,在使用过度浓缩的原液(例如,大约20%或更高)的情况下,可以在制剂中导致不期望的固体沉淀。抗氧化剂在原液中的合适浓度典型地是大约10%至大约18%重量,举例说明地,大约15%重量。
按照本实施方案,亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、偏亚硫酸氢盐和硫代硫酸盐的钠和钾盐是有用的抗氧化剂;更具体地说,是偏亚硫酸氢钠和偏亚硫酸氢钾。
为了进一步使亚砜形成减到最小,任选加入螯合剂,例如EDTA或其盐(例如,乙二胺四乙酸二钠或乙二胺四乙酸二钠钙),例如,加入数量为按药物-载体系统重量计大约0.002%至大约0.02%。可以以与抗氧化剂一样的方法以含水原液加入EDTA。如果期望,抗氧化剂和EDTA可以作为相同原液的组分加入。螯合剂螯合能够促进氧化降解的金属离子。
甚至在本文考虑的极低抗氧化剂浓度下(根据本实施方案的一般脂溶性差的抗氧化剂与ABT-263的摩尔比不大于约1:20),已发现亚砜制剂保持在可接受的限制中。
通过选择具有低过氧化值的制剂成分,可以使亚砜形成进一步减到最小。过氧化值是药物赋形剂的充分确立的性质,并且通常用与每千克赋形剂的过氧化物的毫克当量相当的单位(meq/kg)表示(如本文中)。某些赋形剂固有地具有低过氧化值,但其它的赋形剂,例如具有不饱和脂肪酸例如油酰部分和/或聚氧乙烯链的那些赋形剂,可以是过氧化物来源。在聚山梨酸酯80的情况下,例如,优选选择具有不大于大约5的过氧化值的聚山梨酸酯80来源,例如不大于大约2。 合适的来源包括Crillet 4HPTM和Super-Refined Tween 80TM,它们都得自于Croda。
不受理论束缚,认为ABT-263的治疗效力至少部分是由于其与Bcl-2家族蛋白(例如Bcl-2、Bcl-XL或Bcl-w)结合的能力,所述结合是以抑制该蛋白的抗凋亡作用的方式,例如,通过占据该蛋白的BH3结合沟。
在本发明的更进一步实施方案中,提供了用于治疗疾病的方法,该疾病以凋亡功能障碍和/或抗凋亡Bcl-2家族蛋白的超表达为特征,该方法包括:给予患有该疾病的受试者治疗有效量的晶体ABT-263游离碱或包含晶体ABT-263游离碱和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。在一个实施方案中,方法包括给受试者施用晶体形式I ABT-263游离碱或包含晶体形式I ABT-263游离碱以及一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的组合物。在另一实施方案中,方法包括给受试者施用晶体形式II ABT-263游离碱或包含晶体形式 II ABT-263游离碱以及一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的组合物。
在本发明的更进一步的实施方案中,提供了用于治疗特征在于凋亡功能障碍和/或抗凋亡Bcl-2家族蛋白超表达的疾病的方法,包括 (a) 将晶体ABT-263游离碱溶于药学上可接受的溶剂或溶剂混合物中(例如,选自上文作为赋形剂提及的这种溶剂),和 (b) 将得到的溶液以治疗有效量施用于具有该疾病的受试者。在一个实施方案中,晶体ABT-263游离碱是晶体形式I ABT-263游离碱。在另一实施方案中,晶体ABT-263游离碱是晶体形式IIABT-263游离碱。
受试者可以是人或非人(例如,农场、动物园、工作或陪伴动物,或用作模型的实验室动物),但在一个重要的实施方案中,受试者是需要该药物的人患者,例如,治疗以凋亡功能障碍和/或抗凋亡Bcl-2家族蛋白的超表达为特征的疾病。人受试者可以是男性或女性,并且可以是任何年龄。患者典型地是成年人,但本发明的方法可以用于治疗儿科患者中的儿童癌症,例如白血病,例如急性淋巴细胞性白血病。
通常以提供药物的治疗有效日剂量的数量来给予组合物。本文中,术语“日剂量”是指每天给予的药物数量,与给药频率无关。例如,如果受试者接受每天两次的150 mg的单位剂量,则日剂量是300 mg。应该理解,术语“日剂量”的使用并不暗示必须每天给予一次指定剂量数量。然而,在一个具体实施方案中,给药频率是每天一次(q.d.),并且日剂量和单位剂量在该实施方案中是相同的。
什么构成治疗有效剂量取决于具体制剂的生物利用度,受试者(包括受试者的物种和体重),所治疗的疾病(例如,癌症的具体类型),疾病的阶段和/或严重程度,个体受试者的化合物耐受性,是否化合物是以单一疗法或与一种或多种其它药物(例如,用于治疗癌症的其它化疗药物)组合给予,及其它因素。因此,日剂量可以在宽的范围内改变,例如,从大约10至大约1,000 mg。在特定情况下,更大或更小的日剂量可以是合适的。可以理解,如果仅仅给予单个这种剂量,则本文的“治疗有效”剂量的叙述不一定要求该药物是治疗有效的;典型地,治疗效力取决于按照方案(牵涉给药的合适频率和持续时间)反复给予的组合物。强烈地优选的是,尽管所选择的日剂量就治疗癌症而言足以提供益处,但该日剂量不应该足以引起不利的副作用达到无法接受的或无法忍受的程度。不应用过度实验,基于本文公开的内容和本文引用的技术,考虑例如上述那些因素,可以由常规技术的医生选择合适的治疗有效剂量。医生可以例如用相对低的日剂量对癌症患者开始治疗过程,并在几天或几周期间内逐渐调高剂量,以减少不利副作用的危险。
举例说明地,ABT-263的合适剂量通常是大约25至大约1,000 mg/天或大约50至大约1,000 mg/天,更典型地大约50至大约500 mg/天或大约200至大约400 mg/天,例如大约50、大约100、大约150、大约200、大约250、大约300、大约350、大约400、大约450、大约500、大约750或大约1000 mg/天,以大约3小时至大约7天的平均剂量间隔给药,例如,大约8小时至大约3天,或大约12小时至大约2天。在大多数情况下,每天一次(q.d.)的给药方案是合适的。
本文的“平均剂量间隔”定义为:时间跨度(例如一天或一周)除以该时间跨度内所给予的单位剂量数目。例如,在大约8 am、大约中午和大约6 pm一天给予药物三次的情况下,平均剂量间隔是8小时(24小时时间跨度除以3)。如果将药物配制为离散剂型,例如片剂或胶囊剂,为了定义平均剂量间隔,认为一次给予的多个(例如,2至大约10)剂型是单位剂量。
在某些实施方案中,可以选择日剂量数量和剂量间隔,以便保持ABT-263的血浆浓度在大约0.5至大约10μg/ml范围。由此,在按照这种实施方案的ABT-263治疗的疗程期间,稳态的血浆峰浓度(Cmax)通常应该不超过大约10μg/ml,且稳态的血浆谷浓度(Cmin)通常应该不低于大约0.5μg/ml。进一步发现,期望的是,在上面提供的范围之内,选择有效日剂量数量和平均剂量间隔,以便提供在稳态下不大于大约5、例如不大于大约3的Cmax/Cmin比例。可以理解,更长的剂量间隔将倾向于导致更大的Cmax/Cmin比例。举例说明地,在稳态下,可以利用本方法达到ABT-263的大约3至大约8μg/ml的Cmax和大约1至大约5μg/ml的Cmin。在人PK研究中,可以建立Cmax和Cmin的稳态值,例如,该研究按照标准规程进行,包括但不局限于管理机构例如美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)可接受的那些规程。
由于认为用于本文的组合物只显示出微小的食品效果,所以,按照本实施方案的施用可以与食品一起或不与食品一起,即,在非禁食或禁食条件下施用。通常优选给予非禁食患者本组合物。
本发明的制剂适合于在单一疗法或在组合治疗中使用,例如,与其它化疗药物或电离辐射一起使用。本发明的一个特别优点是:其允许每天一次口服施用,这种方案便于用其它口服给予药物基于每天一次的方案进行治疗的患者。患者自己或由护理者在患者家庭中容易完成口服给药;口服给药对于在医院或居所护理环境中的患者来说也是方便的给药途径。
举例说明地,组合治疗包括:给予包含晶体ABT-263游离碱的(或应用其作为API制备的)组合物并伴随下列中的一种或多种:硼替佐米,卡铂,顺铂,环磷酰胺,达卡巴嗪,地塞米松,多西他赛,多柔比星,依托泊苷,氟达拉滨,羟基多柔比星,依立替康,紫杉醇,雷帕霉素,利妥昔单抗,长春新碱等等,例如,用多药疗法,例如CHOP(环磷酰胺+羟基多柔比星+长春新碱+泼尼松),RCVP(利妥昔单抗+环磷酰胺+长春新碱+泼尼松),R-CHOP(利妥昔单抗+CHOP)或DA-EPOCH-R(剂量调节的依托泊苷,泼尼松,长春新碱,环磷酰胺,多柔比星和利妥昔单抗)。
ABT-263组合物可以在组合治疗中与一种或多种治疗剂一起给予,所述治疗剂包括但不局限于:血管生成抑制剂,抗增殖药剂,其它凋亡促进剂(例如,Bcl-xL,Bcl-w和Bfl-1抑制剂),死亡受体途径的活化剂,BiTE(双-特异性T细胞衔接物)抗体,双重可变结构域结合蛋白(DVDs),凋亡蛋白的抑制剂(IAPs),微RNAs,丝裂原-活化的胞外信号调节激酶抑制剂,多价结合蛋白,聚ADP(腺苷二磷酸)-核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂,小抑制性核醣核酸(siRNAs),激酶抑制剂,受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,极光激酶抑制剂,polo样激酶抑制剂,bcr-abl激酶抑制剂,生长因子抑制剂,COX-2抑制剂,非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs),抗有丝分裂剂,烷化剂,抗代谢物,嵌入性抗生素,含铂的化疗剂,生长因子抑制剂,电离辐射,细胞周期抑制剂,酶,拓扑异构酶抑制剂,生物反应调节剂,免疫制剂,抗体,激素治疗,类维生素A,三角的(deltoids),植物生物碱,蛋白酶体抑制剂,HSP-90抑制剂,组蛋白脱乙酰酶(HDAC)抑制剂,嘌呤类似物,嘧啶类似物,MEK抑制剂,CDK抑制剂,ErbB2受体抑制剂,mTOR抑制剂以及其它抗肿瘤剂。
血管生成抑制剂包括但不局限于:EGFR抑制剂,PDGFR抑制剂,VEGFR抑制剂,TIE2抑制剂,IGF1R抑制剂,基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)抑制剂,基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)抑制剂和血小板反应蛋白类似物。
EGFR抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:吉非替尼,埃洛替尼,西妥昔单抗,EMD-7200,ABX-EGF,HR3,IgA抗体,TP-38(IVAX),EGFR融合蛋白,EGF-疫苗,抗EGFR免疫脂质体和拉帕替尼。
PDGFR抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:CP-673451和CP-868596。
VEGFR抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:贝伐单抗,舒尼替尼,索拉非尼,CP-547632,阿西替尼(axitinib),凡德他尼(vandetanib),AEE788,AZD-2171,VEGF trap,瓦他拉尼,哌加他尼(pegaptanib),IM862,帕唑帕尼,ABT-869和angiozyme。
不同于本文中的ABT-263或式I化合物的Bcl-2家族蛋白抑制剂包括但不局限于:AT-101((-)棉子酚),GenasenseTM Bcl-2-靶向反义寡核苷酸(G3139或oblimersen),IPI-194,IPI-565,ABT-737,GX-070(obatoclax)等等。
死亡受体途径的活化剂包括但不局限于:TRAIL,靶向死亡受体(例如,DR4和DR5)的抗体或其它药剂,例如apomab,conatumumab,ETR2-ST01,GDC0145(lexatumumab),HGS-1029,LBY-135,PRO-1762和曲妥珠单抗。
血小板反应蛋白类似物的例子包括但不局限于:TSP-1,ABT-510,ABT-567和ABT-898。
极光激酶抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:VX-680,AZD-1152和MLN-8054。
polo样激酶抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:BI-2536。
bcr-abl激酶抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:伊马替尼和达沙替尼。
包含铂的药剂的例子包括但不局限于:顺铂,卡铂,依他铂,乐铂,奈达铂,奥沙利铂和沙铂(satraplatin)。
mTOR抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:CCI-779,雷帕霉素,temsirolimus,依维莫司,RAD001和AP-23573。
HSP-90抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:格尔德霉素,根赤壳菌素,17-AAG,KOS-953,17-DMAG,CNF-101,CNF-1010,17-AAG-nab,NCS-683664,efungumab,CNF-2024,PU3,PU24FCl,VER-49009,IPI-504,SNX-2112和STA-9090。
HDAC抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA),MS-275,丙戊酸,TSA,LAQ-824,trapoxin和缩酚酸肽。
MEK抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:PD-325901,ARRY-142886,ARRY-438162和PD-98059。
CDK抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:夫拉平度(flavopyridol),MCS-5A,CVT-2584,seliciclib ZK-304709,PHA-690509,BMI-1040,GPC-286199,BMS-387032,PD-332991和AZD-5438。
COX-2抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:塞来昔布,帕瑞考昔,地拉考昔(deracoxib),ABT-963,艾托考昔,鲁米考昔(lumiracoxib),BMS-347070,RS 57067,NS-398,伐地考昔,罗非考昔,SD-8381,4-甲基-2-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-1-(4-氨磺酰基苯基)-1H-吡咯,T-614,JTE-522,S-2474,SVT-2016,CT-3和SC-58125。
NSAIDs的例子包括但不局限于:双水杨酯,二氟尼柳,布洛芬,酮洛芬,萘丁美酮,吡罗昔康,萘普生,双氯芬酸,消炎痛,舒林酸,甲苯酰吡酸,依托度酸,酮咯酸和奥沙普秦。
ErbB2受体抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:CP-724714,卡拉替尼(canertinib),曲妥珠单抗,petuzumab,TAK-165,ionafamib,GW-282974,EKB-569,PI-166,dHER2,APC-8024,抗HER/2neu双特异性抗体B7.her2IgG3和HER2三功能双特异性抗体mAB AR-209和mAB 2B-1。
烷化剂的例子包括但不局限于:氮芥N-氧化物,环磷酰胺,异环磷酰胺,曲磷胺,苯丁酸氮芥,美法仑,白消安,二溴甘露醇,卡波醌,硫替派,雷莫司汀(Ranimustine),嘧啶亚硝脲,CloretazineTM(拉莫司汀(laromustine)),AMD-473,六甲蜜胺,AP-5280,apaziquone,brostallicin,苯达莫司汀,卡莫司汀,雌莫司汀,福莫司汀,葡膦酰胺,KW-2170,马磷酰胺(mafosfamide),二溴卫矛醇,环己亚硝脲,曲奥舒凡(treosulfan),达卡巴嗪和替莫唑胺。
抗代谢物的例子包括但不局限于:氨甲喋呤,6-巯基嘌呤核糖核苷,巯基嘌呤,5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)(单独或与醛氢叶酸组合),替加氟,UFT,去氧氟尿苷,卡莫氟,阿糖胞苷,阿糖胞苷十八烷基磷酸钠,依诺他滨,S-1,培美曲唑(Pemetrexed),吉西他滨,氟达拉滨,5-阿扎胞苷,卡培他滨,克拉屈滨,氯法拉滨(clofarabine),地西他滨,依氟鸟氨酸,ethenylcytidine,阿糖胞苷,羟基脲,TS-1,美法仑,奈拉滨(nelarabine),诺拉曲特(nolatrexed),培美曲唑二钠,喷司他丁,pelitrexol,雷替曲塞(raltitrexed),triapine,三甲曲沙,阿糖腺苷,霉酚酸,十八烷基磷酸钠,喷司他丁,噻唑呋啉,利巴韦林,EICAR,羟基脲和去铁胺。
抗生素的例子包括但不局限于:嵌入性抗生素,阿柔比星,放线菌素D,氨柔比星,annamycin,多柔比星,博来霉素,阿霉素,多柔比星(包括脂质体多柔比星),依沙芦星,表柔比星,glarubicin,伊达比星,丝裂霉素C,奈莫柔比星,新制癌菌素,硫酸培洛霉素,吡柔比星,蝴蝶霉素(rebeccamycin),stimalamer,链脲霉素,戊柔比星(Valrubicin),净司他丁和其组合。
拓扑异构酶抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:阿柔比星,氨萘非特,贝洛替康(belotecan),喜树碱,10-羟基喜树碱,9-氨基-喜树碱,安吖啶,右雷佐生,二氟替康(diflomotecan),依立替康HCl,伊朵堤卡林(edotecarin),表柔比星,依托泊苷,依沙替康(exatecan),becatecarin,吉马替康,勒托替康,orathecin,BN-80915,米托蒽醌,吡柔比星(pirarbucin),pixantrone,鲁比替康,索布佐生,SN-38,tafluposide和托泊替康。
抗体的例子包括但不局限于:利妥昔单抗,西妥昔单抗,贝伐单抗,曲妥珠单抗,CD40-特异性抗体和IGF1R-特异性抗体,chTNT-1/B,denosumab,依决洛单抗,WX G250,zanolimumab,林妥珠单抗和ticilimumab。
激素治疗的例子包括但不局限于:碳酸司维拉姆(sevelamer),rilostane,促黄体素释放激素,modrastane,依西美坦,乙酸亮丙瑞林,布舍瑞林,西曲瑞克,地洛瑞林,组氨瑞林(Histrelin),阿那曲唑,fosrelin,戈舍瑞林,地盖瑞利(degarelix),度骨化醇(doxercalciferol),法屈唑,福美坦,三苯氧胺,阿佐昔芬(arzoxifene),比卡鲁胺,阿倍瑞克(Abarelix),曲普瑞林,非那雄胺,氟维司群,托瑞米芬,雷诺昔芬,曲洛司坦,拉索昔芬,来曲唑,氟他胺,甲地孕酮,美服培酮,尼鲁米特,地塞米松,泼尼松及其它糖皮质激素。
类维生素A或三角的(deltoids)的例子包括但不局限于:西奥骨化醇(seocalcitol),来沙骨化醇(lexacalcitol),芬维A胺,aliretinoin,维甲酸,贝沙罗汀(Bexarotene)和LGD-1550。
植物生物碱的例子包括但不局限于:长春新碱,长春碱,长春地辛和长春瑞滨。
蛋白酶体抑制剂的例子包括但不局限于:硼替佐米(bortezomib),MG-132,NPI-0052和PR-171。
免疫制剂的例子包括但不局限于:干扰素和许多其它免疫增强剂。干扰素包括干扰素α,干扰素α-2a,干扰素α-2b,干扰素β,干扰素γ-1a,干扰素γ-1b,干扰素γ-n1和其组合。其它药剂包括非格司亭,蘑菇多糖,裂裥多糖,活BCG,乌苯美司,WF-10(四氯十氧化物(tetrachlorodecaoxide)或TCDO),阿地白介素,阿仑单抗(Alemtuzumab),BAM-002,达卡巴嗪,达克珠单抗,地尼白介素(denileukin),吉妥珠单抗奥唑米星(gemtuzumabozogamicin),ibritumomab,咪喹莫特,来格司亭,黑素瘤疫苗,莫拉司亭,sargaramostim,他索纳明(tasonermin),tecleukin,thymalasin,托西莫单抗(tositumomab),LorusPharmaceuticals的VirulizinTM免疫治疗剂,Z-100(Maruyama的特异物质或SSM),ZevalinTM(90Y-替伊莫单抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan)),依帕珠单抗,米妥莫单抗(mitumomab),oregovomab,pemtumomab,ProvengeTM (sipuleucel-T),替西白介素(teceleukin),TherocysTM(卡介苗),细胞毒淋巴细胞抗原4(CTLA4)抗体和能够阻断CTLA4的药剂,例如MDX-010。
生物反应调节剂的例子是调节活生物体的防卫机制或生物反应,例如,组织细胞的存活、生长或分化从而使它们具有抗肿瘤活性的药剂。这种药剂包括但不局限于:云芝多糖K(krestin),蘑菇多糖,西佐喃(sizofuran),溶链菌制剂(picibanil),PF-3512676和乌苯美司。
嘧啶类似物的例子包括但不局限于:5-氟尿嘧啶,氮尿苷,去氧氟尿苷,雷替曲塞(raltitrexed),阿糖胞苷,胞嘧啶阿糖核苷,氟达拉滨,三乙酰尿苷,曲沙他滨(Troxacitabine)和吉西他滨。
嘌呤类似物的例子包括但不局限于:巯基嘌呤和硫鸟嘌呤。
抗有丝分裂剂的例子包括但不局限于:N-(2-((4-羟基苯基)氨基)吡啶-3-基)-4-甲氧基苯磺酰胺,紫杉醇,多西他赛,larotaxel,埃坡霉素D,PNU-100940,巴他布林(batabulin),伊沙匹隆,patupilone,XRP-9881,长春氟宁和ZK-EPO(合成的埃坡霉素)。
放射治疗的例子包括但不局限于:外束放射治疗(XBRT),远距离治疗,近距疗法,密封源放射治疗和未密封源放射治疗。
BiTE抗体是引导T细胞攻击癌细胞的双-特异性抗体,其通过同时结合这两个细胞进行。然后T细胞攻击靶癌细胞。BiTE抗体的例子包括但不局限于:阿德木单抗(adecatumumab)(Micromet MT201),blinatumomab(Micromet MT103)等等。不受理论限制,T细胞引起靶癌细胞的凋亡的一个机理是通过溶细胞的颗粒组分(包括穿孔素和粒酶B)的胞吐作用。在这方面,已经显示Bcl-2通过穿孔素和粒酶B来减弱凋亡的诱导。这些数据说明,当靶向癌细胞时,抑制Bcl-2可以增加由T细胞引起的细胞毒效果(Sutton等人(1997)J. Immunol. 158:5783-5790)。
SiRNAs是具有内源RNA碱基或化学上调节的核苷酸的分子。该修饰不消除细胞活性,而是赋予提高的稳定性和/或提高的细胞效力。化学修饰的例子包括硫代磷酸酯基团,2'-脱氧核苷酸,含2'-OCH3-的核糖核苷酸,2'-F-核糖核苷酸,2'-甲氧基乙基核糖核苷酸,其组合等等。siRNA可以具有变化长度(例如,10-200 bps)和结构(例如,发夹形,单/双链,凸形,切口/缺口,错配),并且在细胞中被加工,提供活性基因沉默。双链siRNA(dsRNA)在每个链(钝端)上或非对称端(突出端)可以具有相同数目的核苷酸。1-2个核苷酸的突出端可以存在于有义链和/或反义链上,以及存在于给定链的5'-和/或3'-端。例如,靶向Mcl-1的siRNA已经显示出增强ABT-263的活性(Tse等人(2008)、上文和其中的参考文献)。
多价结合蛋白是包含两个或更多个抗原结合位点的结合蛋白。设计多价结合蛋白,使其具有三个或更多个抗原结合位点,并且其通常不是天然存在的抗体。术语“多特异性结合蛋白”是指能够结合两个或更多个相关或无关靶向的结合蛋白。双重变量区域(DVD)结合蛋白是包含两个或多个抗原结合位点的四价或多价结合蛋白结合蛋白。这种DVD可以是单特异性的(即,能够结合一个抗原)或多特异性的(即,能够结合两个或更多个抗原)。包含两个重链DVD多肽和两个轻链DVD多肽的DVD结合蛋白被称为DVD Ig's。DVD Ig的每一半包含重链DVD多肽、轻链DVD多肽和两个抗原结合位点。每个结合位点包含重链可变结构域和轻链可变结构域,每个抗原结合位点具有总共6个涉及抗原结合的CDR。
PARP抑制剂包括但不局限于:ABT-888,olaparib,KU-59436,AZD-2281,AG-014699,BSI-201,BGP-15,INO-1001,ONO-2231等等。
另外或可选地,包含晶体ABT-263游离碱的(或应用其作为API制备的)组合物可以在组合治疗中与一种或多种选自下列的抗肿瘤剂一起给予:ABT-100,N-乙酰基秋水仙醇-O-磷酸盐,阿维A,AE-941,糖苷配基原人参萜二醇,arglabin,三氧化二砷,AS04佐剂-吸附的HPV疫苗,L-门冬酰胺酶,阿他美坦,阿曲生坦(atrasentan),AVE-8062,波生坦,canfosfamide,CanvaxinTM,catumaxomab,CeaVacTM,西莫白介素,combrestatin A4P,contusugene ladenovec,CotaraTM,环丙孕酮,脱氧柯福霉素,右雷佐生,N,N-二乙基-2-(4-(苯基甲基)苯氧基)乙胺,5,6-二甲基吨酮-4-乙酸,二十二碳六烯酸/紫杉醇,discodermolide,乙丙昔罗(efaproxiral),enzastaurin,埃坡霉素B,乙炔尿嘧啶(ethynyluracil),依昔舒林(exisulind),falimarev,GastrimmuneTM,GMK疫苗,GVAXTM,卤夫酮(halofuginone),组胺,羟基脲,依班膦酸,替伊莫单抗(ibritumomab tiuxetan),IL-13-PE38,inalimarev,白介素4,KSB-311,兰瑞肽,来那度胺(lenalidomide),洛那法尼(lonafarnib),洛伐他汀,5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸,米伐木肽(mifamurtide),米特福辛,莫特沙芬(motexafin),奥利默森(oblimersen),OncoVAXTM,OsidemTM,紫杉醇白蛋白-稳定化纳米颗粒,聚谷氨酸紫杉醇(paclitaxel poliglumex),帕米膦酸盐,帕尼单抗(panitumumab),聚乙二醇化干扰素α,培加帕酶,苯妥帝尔(phenoxodiol),聚(I)-聚(C12U),普鲁苄肼,豹蛙酶(ranpirnase),rebimastat,重组体四价HPV疫苗,角鲨胺(squalamine),星孢菌素,STn-KLH疫苗,T4内切核酸酶(endonuclase) V,维生素A酸(tazarotene),6,6',7,12-四甲氧基-2,2'-二甲基-1β-berbaman,沙立度胺,TNFeradeTM,131I-托西莫单抗(tositumomab),曲贝替定(trabectedin),三嗪酮,肿瘤坏死因子,UkrainTM,牛痘-MUC-1疫苗,L-缬氨酸-L-boroproline,VitaxinTM,维特斯朋(vitespen),唑来膦酸和佐柔比星。
在一个实施方案中,给予需要的受试者治疗有效量的包含晶体ABT-263游离碱的(或应用其作为API制备的)组合物,以便治疗疾病,在其期间,抗凋亡Bcl-2蛋白、抗凋亡Bcl-XL蛋白和抗凋亡Bcl-w蛋白中的一种或多种超表达。
在另一个实施方案中,给予需要的受试者治疗有效量的包含晶体ABT-263游离碱的(或应用其作为API制备的)组合物,以便治疗异常的细胞生长和/或失调的凋亡的疾病。
这种疾病的例子包括但不局限于:癌症,间皮瘤,膀胱癌,胰腺癌,皮肤癌,头或颈癌,皮肤或眼内的黑素瘤,卵巢癌,乳腺癌,子宫癌,输卵管癌,子宫内膜癌,宫颈癌,阴道癌,外阴癌,骨癌,结肠癌,直肠癌,肛区癌,胃癌,胃肠(胃、结肠直肠和/或十二指肠)癌,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病,急性淋巴细胞性白血病,食道癌,小肠癌,内分泌系统癌,甲状腺癌,甲状旁腺癌,肾上腺癌,软组织肉瘤,尿道癌,阴茎癌,睾丸癌,肝细胞(肝脏和/或胆管)癌,原发性或继发性中枢神经系统肿瘤,原发性或继发性脑肿瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,慢性或急性白血病,慢性髓样白血病,淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤,成淋巴细胞性白血病,滤泡性淋巴瘤,T细胞或B细胞源的淋巴恶性肿瘤,黑素瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,口腔癌,非小-细胞肺癌,前列腺癌,小细胞肺癌,肾和/或输尿管癌,肾细胞癌,肾盂癌,中枢神经系统的瘤,原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,脊椎轴肿瘤,脑干神经胶质瘤,垂体腺瘤,肾上腺皮质癌,胆囊癌,脾癌,胆管上皮癌,纤维肉瘤,神经母细胞瘤,视网膜母细胞瘤或其组合。
在一个更具体实施方案中,给予需要其的受试者治疗有效量的包含晶体ABT-263游离碱的(或应用其作为API制备的)组合物,以便治疗膀胱癌,脑癌,乳腺癌,骨髓癌,子宫颈癌,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病,急性淋巴细胞性白血病,结肠直肠癌,食道癌,肝细胞癌,成淋巴细胞性白血病,滤泡性淋巴瘤,T细胞或B细胞源的淋巴恶性肿瘤,黑素瘤,髓性白血病,骨髓瘤,口腔癌,卵巢癌,非小细胞肺癌,前列腺癌,小细胞肺癌或脾癌。
按照这些实施方案中的任一项,可在单一疗法或在组合治疗中与一种或多种额外的治疗剂一起给予该组合物。
例如,治疗受试者中下列疾病的方法包括给予该受试者治疗有效量的:(a)包含晶体ABT-263游离碱的(或应用其作为API制备的)组合物,和(b) 依托泊苷,长春新碱,CHOP,利妥昔单抗,雷帕霉素,R-CHOP,RCVP, DA-EPOCH-R或硼替佐米中的一种或多种:间皮瘤,膀胱癌,胰腺癌,皮肤癌,头或颈癌,皮肤或眼内的黑素瘤,卵巢癌,乳腺癌,子宫癌,输卵管癌,子宫内膜癌,宫颈癌,阴道癌,外阴癌,骨癌,结肠癌,直肠癌,肛区癌,胃癌,胃肠(胃,结肠直肠和/或十二指肠)癌,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病,急性淋巴细胞性白血病,食道癌,小肠癌,内分泌系统癌,甲状腺癌,甲状旁腺癌,肾上腺癌,软组织肉瘤,尿道癌,阴茎癌,睾丸癌,肝细胞(肝脏和/或胆管)癌,原发性或继发性中枢神经系统肿瘤,原发性或继发性脑肿瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,慢性或急性白血病,慢性髓样白血病,淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤,成淋巴细胞性白血病,滤泡性淋巴瘤,T细胞或B细胞源的淋巴恶性肿瘤,黑素瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,口腔癌,非小细胞肺癌,前列腺癌,小细胞肺癌,肾和/或输尿管癌,肾细胞癌,肾盂癌,中枢神经系统瘤,原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,脊椎轴肿瘤,脑干神经胶质瘤,垂体腺瘤,肾上腺皮质癌,胆囊癌,脾癌,胆管上皮癌,纤维肉瘤,神经母细胞瘤,视网膜母细胞瘤或其组合。
在具体实施方案中,在与治疗有效量的依托泊苷、长春新碱、CHOP、利妥昔单抗、雷帕霉素、R-CHOP、RCVP、DA-EPOCH-R或硼替佐米的组合治疗中给予需要其的受试者治疗有效量的包含晶体ABT-263游离碱的(或应用其作为API制备的)组合物,用于治疗淋巴恶性肿瘤,例如B细胞淋巴瘤或非霍奇金淋巴瘤。
在其它具体实施方案中,在单一疗法中或在与治疗有效量的依托泊苷、长春新碱、CHOP、利妥昔单抗、雷帕霉素、R-CHOP、RCVP、DA-EPOCH-R或硼替佐米的组合治疗中给予需要其的受试者治疗有效量的包含晶体ABT-263游离碱的(或应用其作为API制备的)组合物,用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞性白血病或急性淋巴细胞性白血病。
与本发明相关的其它信息可以在最近公开的文章(Tse等人(2008)Cancer Res.68:3421-3428)和其中的补充数据(可在Cancer Research Online(cancerres.aacrjournals.org/)中获得)中得到。本文以引用的方式并入该文章和其补充数据的全部内容。
Claims (37)
1.固态晶体形式的化合物N-(4-(4-((2-(4-氯苯基)-5,5-二甲基-1-环己-1-烯-1-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯甲酰基)-4-(((1R)-3-(吗啉-4-基)-1-((苯基硫烷基)甲基)丙基)氨基-3-((三氟甲基)磺酰基)苯磺酰胺(ABT-263游离碱)。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述晶体形式是形式I ABT-263游离碱,其特征至少为在下列位置的任何一个或多个的粉末X射线衍射峰:6.21, 6.72, 12.17, 18.03和20.10° 2θ, ± 0.2° 2θ。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中所述晶体形式是形式I ABT-263游离碱,其特征至少为在所述位置的每一个的粉末X射线衍射峰。
4.权利要求2的化合物,其中所述晶体形式是形式I ABT-263游离碱,其特征至少为在下列位置的每一个的粉末X射线衍射峰:6.21, 6.72, 9.66, 10.92, 11.34, 12.17,14.28, 16.40, 16.95, 17.81, 18.03, 18.47, 19.32, 20.10和21.87° 2θ, ± 0.2° 2θ。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述晶体形式是形式II ABT-263游离碱,其特征至少为在下列位置的任何一个或多个的粉末X射线衍射峰:5.79, 8.60, 12.76, 15.00和20.56° 2θ, ± 0.2° 2θ。
6.权利要求5的化合物,其中所述晶体形式是形式II ABT-263游离碱,其特征至少为在所述位置的每一个的粉末X射线衍射峰。
7.权利要求5的化合物,其中所述晶体形式是形式II ABT-263游离碱,其特征至少为在下列位置的每一个的粉末X射线衍射峰:5.79, 8.60, 9.34, 10.79, 11.36, 11.59,12.76, 13.23, 13.73, 14.01, 14.72, 15.00, 16.28, 17.07, 17.48, 18.75, 19.34,19.71, 20.56和21.35° 2θ, ± 0.2° 2θ。
8.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述晶体形式是包含用有机溶剂溶剂化的ABT-263游离碱的溶剂化物。
9.权利要求8的化合物,其中所述溶剂化物选自乙醇/乙酸乙酯混合物、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、甲醇、苯、甲苯、二烷/己烷混合物、乙酸甲酯/己烷混合物、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸甲酯、吡啶、苯甲醚和三氟甲苯溶剂化物。
10.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1的化合物以及一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
11.用于制备ABT-263的药物溶液组合物的方法,包括将晶体ABT-263游离碱溶于药学上可接受的溶剂或溶剂混合物中。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱包含形式I ABT-263游离碱。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱包含形式II ABT-263游离碱。
14.用于治疗以凋亡功能障碍和/或抗凋亡Bcl-2家族蛋白的超表达为特征的疾病的方法,包括给患有该疾病的受试者施用治疗有效量的(a) 晶体ABT-263游离碱或 (b) 包含晶体ABT-263游离碱以及一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱包含形式I ABT-263游离碱。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱包含形式II ABT-263游离碱。
17.权利要求14的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱包含含有用有机溶剂溶剂化的ABT-263游离碱的溶剂化物。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述溶剂化物选自乙醇/乙酸乙酯混合物、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、甲醇、苯、甲苯、二烷/己烷混合物、乙酸甲酯/己烷混合物、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸甲酯、吡啶、苯甲醚和三氟甲苯溶剂化物。
19.权利要求14的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱或药物组合物通口服、肠胃外、舌下、口腔、鼻内、肺部、局部、透皮、皮内、眼睛、耳部、直肠、阴道、胃内、颅内、滑膜内或关节内途径施用。
20.权利要求14的方法,其中所述疾病是肿瘤病。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中所述肿瘤病选自:癌症,间皮瘤,膀胱癌,胰腺癌,皮肤癌,头或颈癌,皮肤或眼内的黑素瘤,卵巢癌,乳腺癌,子宫癌,输卵管癌,子宫内膜癌,宫颈癌,阴道癌,外阴癌,骨癌,结肠癌,直肠癌,肛区癌,胃癌,胃肠(胃、结肠直肠和/或十二指肠)癌,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病,急性淋巴细胞性白血病,食道癌,小肠癌,内分泌系统癌,甲状腺癌,甲状旁腺癌,肾上腺癌,软组织肉瘤,尿道癌,阴茎癌,睾丸癌,肝细胞(肝脏和/或胆管)癌,原发性或继发性中枢神经系统肿瘤,原发性或继发性脑肿瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,慢性或急性白血病,慢性髓样白血病,淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤,成淋巴细胞性白血病,滤泡性淋巴瘤,T细胞或B细胞来源的淋巴恶性肿瘤,黑素瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,口腔癌,非小-细胞肺癌,前列腺癌,小细胞肺癌,肾和/或输尿管癌,肾细胞癌,肾盂癌,中枢神经系统的瘤,原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,脊椎轴肿瘤,脑干神经胶质瘤,垂体腺瘤,肾上腺皮质癌,胆囊癌,脾癌,胆管上皮癌,纤维肉瘤,神经母细胞瘤,视网膜母细胞瘤和其组合。
22.权利要求20的方法,其中所述肿瘤病是淋巴恶性肿瘤。
23.权利要求22的方法,其中所述淋巴恶性肿瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤。
24.权利要求14的方法,其中所述晶体 ABT-263游离碱或药物组合物以约50至约1000mg ABT-263每日的剂量以约3小时至约7天的平均治疗间隔口服施用。
25.权利要求14的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱或药物组合物以约200至约400mg ABT-263游离碱当量每日的剂量每日一次口服施用。
26.用于治疗以凋亡功能障碍和/或抗凋亡Bcl-2家族蛋白的超表达为特征的疾病的方法,包括将晶体ABT-263游离碱溶于药学上可接受的溶剂或溶剂混合物中、和给患有该疾病的受试者施用治疗有效量的得到的溶液。
27.权利要求26的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱包含形式I ABT-263游离碱。
28.权利要求26的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱包含形式II ABT-263游离碱。
29.权利要求26的方法,其中所述晶体ABT-263游离碱包含含有用有机溶剂溶剂化的ABT-263游离碱的溶剂化物。
30.权利要求29的方法,其中所述溶剂化物选自乙醇/乙酸乙酯混合物、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、甲醇、苯、甲苯、二烷/己烷混合物、乙酸甲酯/己烷混合物、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸甲酯、吡啶、苯甲醚和三氟甲苯溶剂化物。
31.权利要求26的方法,其中所述溶液通过口服、肠胃外、舌下、口腔、鼻内、肺部、局部、透皮、皮内、眼睛、耳部、直肠、阴道、胃内、颅内、滑膜内或关节内途径施用。
32.权利要求26的方法,其中所述疾病是肿瘤病。
33.权利要求32的方法,其中所述肿瘤病选自:癌症,间皮瘤,膀胱癌,胰腺癌,皮肤癌,头或颈癌,皮肤或眼内的黑素瘤,卵巢癌,乳腺癌,子宫癌,输卵管癌,子宫内膜癌,宫颈癌,阴道癌,外阴癌,骨癌,结肠癌,直肠癌,肛区癌,胃癌,胃肠(胃、结肠直肠和/或十二指肠)癌,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病,急性淋巴细胞性白血病,食道癌,小肠癌,内分泌系统癌,甲状腺癌,甲状旁腺癌,肾上腺癌,软组织肉瘤,尿道癌,阴茎癌,睾丸癌,肝细胞(肝脏和/或胆管)癌,原发性或继发性中枢神经系统肿瘤,原发性或继发性脑肿瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,慢性或急性白血病,慢性髓样白血病,淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤,成淋巴细胞性白血病,滤泡性淋巴瘤,T细胞或B细胞来源的淋巴恶性肿瘤,黑素瘤,多发性骨髓瘤,口腔癌,非小-细胞肺癌,前列腺癌,小细胞肺癌,肾和/或输尿管癌,肾细胞癌,肾盂癌,中枢神经系统的瘤,原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,脊椎轴肿瘤,脑干神经胶质瘤,垂体腺瘤,肾上腺皮质癌,胆囊癌,脾癌,胆管上皮癌,纤维肉瘤,神经母细胞瘤,视网膜母细胞瘤和其组合。
34.权利要求32的方法,其中所述肿瘤病是淋巴恶性肿瘤。
35.权利要求34的方法,其中所述淋巴恶性肿瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤。
36.权利要求26的方法,其中所述溶液以约50至约1000 mg ABT-263每日的剂量以约3小时至约7天的平均治疗间隔口服施用。
37.权利要求26的方法,其中所述溶液以约200至约400 mg ABT-263游离碱当量每日的剂量每日一次口服施用。
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