CN105802893B - 一种昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株及其应用 - Google Patents
一种昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105802893B CN105802893B CN201610300049.8A CN201610300049A CN105802893B CN 105802893 B CN105802893 B CN 105802893B CN 201610300049 A CN201610300049 A CN 201610300049A CN 105802893 B CN105802893 B CN 105802893B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株,其特征在于,该微生物的分类命名为嗜线虫沙雷氏菌的高毒力菌株R187‑2,2016年5月3日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,菌种保藏号为CCTCC M 2016240。本发明还公开了一种生物杀虫剂及其制备方法和应用。本发明提供的一种新型昆虫病原线虫共生菌杀虫菌剂,具有生产使用方便的优点,适用于现代生态农业经济中绿色无公害农产品的生产。本发明对于保护生态环境,提高农产品的附加值具有重要的意义。试验证明,R187‑2菌株的液体菌剂及固体菌剂的杀虫效果良好,各组的死亡率都在85%以上。昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187‑2的杀虫谱广,有很大的市场开发潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株,属于生物技术领域,是利用生物防治的方法控制农业昆虫的种群数量,适用于现代生态农业经济中绿色无公害农产品的生产。
背景技术
据不完全统计,全世界农作物每年因病虫害造成的损失约占其总产量的37%,对病虫害的防治一直是人们提高农作物产量和发展农业生产的途径之一,从无机农药到有机合成农药,化学药剂一度成为控制病虫害的有效手段。但化学农药的广泛使用,带来了一系列的环境问题和食品安全问题;严重影响了人类健康和农产品的出口创汇。倡导绿色消费的绿色无公害的生态农业模式是全球农业发展的必然趋势(农业环境与发展,2012,29:49-52)。绿色无公害农业作为一种符合农业发展方向的生产模式,其基本要求是“优质、高产、高效、生态、安全”,开发绿色农药成为趋势(Nature,2010,466:109-11;植物医生,2012,25(12901):12)。生物农药是实现无公害农业的关键环节之一。昆虫病原线虫(Entomopathogenic nematodes,EPNs)因其侵染期幼虫消化道内携带有使寄主昆虫罹患败血症死亡的共生菌而得名。昆虫病原线虫及其共生菌是发展潜力巨大的一类环境友好型生物防治因子:1)高效,昆虫病原线虫侵入寄主血腔后在48h内杀死寄主;2)昆虫不易产生抗性,抗虫机制复杂,共生菌为已知基因组序列的细菌中含有杀虫毒素基因最多的一类细菌(Nature,2013,495:520-523;.Nature Biotechnology.2003,21:1307-1313;Science.1998,280:2129-2132.);3)环境友好型生态农药,对人畜、植物及有益生物安全,一些品系能显著提高昆虫Bt抗性的适合度代价、延缓靶标害虫对转Bt植物表达毒素的抗性(J Econ Entomol.2010,103:1821-1831);4)抗逆性强,耐盐、可与化学农药混合施用,土壤农药残留不影响其施用(环境昆虫学报,2013,04:458-465;International journal forparasitology.2016,46:83-95;Nematology,2011 13:859-867;PNAS.2012,109:E2324-33);5)对土壤、钻蛀类和隐蔽性害虫的防治有特效,昆虫病原线虫通过嗅觉主动搜索寄主(PNAS.2012,109:E2324-33)。目前,昆虫病原线虫及其共生菌得到了非常广泛的开发和生物防治应用,在欧美国家可以豁免注册生产和释放,世界上该类杀虫剂的年销售额约为160亿美元,并每年以2~3%增长。在昆虫病原线虫-共生菌这类共生体中起主要杀虫作用的是存在于线虫肠道内与其共生的共生菌,共生菌被抑制或去除昆虫病原线虫就会完全或部分失去致病性(J Invertebr Pathol.2008,98:153-168;Journal of AppliedEntomology.2014,138(9):644-655;2013,495(7442):520-523)。
嗜线虫沙雷氏菌(Serratia nematodiphila)是本课题组发现的昆虫病原线虫共生菌新种(Int J Syst Evol.Microbiol.2009,59:1603-1608.),R187-2菌株是其中的杀虫高毒力菌株。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术问题,本发明的目的在于针对当前现代生态农业经济中绿色无公害农产品的生产的实际问题和需求,开发研制出一种新型绿色无公害微生物杀虫菌剂;使用该菌剂可有效控制地下害虫蛴螬、蜂巢害虫大蜡螟和桃蚜的危害,杀虫率在85%以上,具有广阔的开发利用前景。
本发明的第二个目的是提供了上述的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株在制备生物杀虫菌剂中的应用。
本发明的第三个目的是提供了一种生物杀虫剂及其制备方法。
技术方案:为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株,该微生物的分类命名为嗜线虫沙雷氏菌(Serratia nematodiphila R187-2)的高毒力菌株R187-2,2016年5月3日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,菌种保藏号为CCTCC M 2016240;地址:湖北省武汉市武昌区武汉大学保藏中心(武汉大学第一附属小学对面),邮编:430072。该菌株的主要生物学特性:革兰氏染色反应阴性菌菌株G-,菌体短杆状,大小约1.05×0.65μm,具有1根鞭毛;好氧;有酪蛋白水解酶活性;不能水解淀粉、纤维素、糖原、明胶和密二糖;无脲酶,精氨酸二水解酶活性;有β-半乳糖苷酶,鸟氨酸脱羧酶,和DNA酶活性;有α-甲基-D-糖甙酶苯丙氨酸脱羧酶,赖氨酸脱羧酶活性;可以还原硝酸盐;可从D-麦芽糖、D-果糖、D-葡萄糖、蔗糖、水杨苷、L-岩藻糖、D-核糖、D-山梨醇、木糖醇、D-甘露糖、肌醇、D-甘露醇和D-半乳糖产生酸;但不能从D-乳糖、淀粉、二阿拉伯糖、D-鼠李糖、L-山梨糖、L-棉子糖、L-阿糖醇、纤维二糖、D-松三糖、D-蜜二糖产生酸;不能利用苯丙氨酸和苏氨酸。
上述的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株在制备生物杀虫菌剂中的应用。
一种生物杀虫剂,其含有所述的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株。
使用上述昆虫病原线虫共生菌杀虫菌剂的生产工艺为:甘油菌原种→试管种→摇瓶种→种子罐→生产罐→产品(菌体菌剂或泥炭吸附固体菌剂)。
上述的生物杀虫剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)用接种针取R187-2原种,在NBTA固体培养基上划线培养24小时;
2)挑取单菌落划线保存于LB培养基斜面试管;
3)将试管种接种于Luria-Bertani培养基的摇瓶中震荡培养至对数期;
4)取3)培养的菌种接种于种子罐的培养基中培养至对数期得到种子液;
5)将4)得到的种子液接入相同培养基的生产罐中培养;
6)在菌株接入种子罐和生产罐培养的过程中通入无菌空气发酵,生产罐发酵完成后培养液直接分装成液体剂型或者用泥炭吸附分装成固体剂型。
其中,上述步骤4)和步骤5)中的培养基配方为萄糖0.6-0.8%、酵母膏0.03-0.3%、氯化钠0.2-0.4%、FeCl3 0.001%、pH值7.2~7.5。
其中,上述步骤4)和步骤5)中的接种量为8~11%。
其中,上述步骤6)中的通气量为1.0:0.6~1.0。
其中,上述搅拌速度为180-220r.p.m.,培养温度为28-35℃,全流程培养时间为60-72h。
其中,上述NBTA培养基为牛肉浸膏0.5%,牛肉蛋白胨1%,琼脂2%,红氮四唑0.0025%,溴汾蓝0.004%,pH 7.2~7.5。
上述的一种生物杀虫剂在昆虫病原线虫杀灭方面的应用。
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,其优点和积极效果表现在:本发明提供一种新型昆虫病原线虫共生菌杀虫菌剂,具有生产使用方便的优点,适用于现代生态农业经济中绿色无公害农产品的生产。本发明对于保护生态环境,保护人民的身体健康,提高农产品的附加值具有重要的意义。试验证明,R187-2菌株的液体菌剂及固体菌剂的杀虫效果良好,各组的死亡率都在85%以上(表1-3)。昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187-2的杀虫谱广,对鳞翅目的大蜡螟、鞘翅目金龟子总科的幼虫蛴螬和半翅目的桃蚜均有毒杀活性,有很大的市场开发潜力。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明进一步说明,应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干变型和改进,这些也应视为属于本发明的保护范围。
下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。本发明的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187-2以甘油菌的形式保藏在-80℃冰箱中。实施例1:昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187-2生物杀虫菌剂的制备
将本发明的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187-2甘油菌原种在NBTA培养基(牛肉浸膏0.5%,牛肉蛋白胨1%,琼脂2%,红氮四唑0.0025%,溴汾蓝0.004%,pH 7.2~7.4)平板上活化24h,测定其杀虫活性,活性高的红色单菌落接种于试管LB斜面上备用。取试管种接种于180mL LB培养基的1000mL摇瓶中,30℃恒温180转/分震荡培养至对数期;准备接种种子罐。在500L的种子罐中投入培养基质400L,基质配方为:为萄糖0.6-0.8%、酵母膏0.03-0.3%、氯化钠0.2-0.4%、FeCl3 0.001%、pH值7.2~7.5。投料完毕后121℃湿热高温灭菌20-30分钟,冷却至30℃,取培养好的摇瓶中的菌种按8-10%的接种量接种500L种子罐培养至对数期。得到的种子液按8-10%的接种量接入相同培养基的生产罐中培养。在菌株接入种子罐和生产罐培养的过程中通入无菌空气,通气量为1:1,搅拌速度为180r.p.m.,培养温度为30℃,全流程培养时间为60h。生产罐发酵完成后培养液直接分装成液体剂型。
实施例2:昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187-2生物杀虫菌剂的制备
将本发明的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187-2甘油菌原种在NBTA培养基(牛肉浸膏0.5%,牛肉蛋白胨1%,琼脂2%,红氮四唑0.0025%,溴汾蓝0.004%,pH 7.2~7.4)平板上活化24h,测定其杀虫活性,活性高的红色单菌落接种于试管LB斜面上备用。取试管种接种于180mL LB培养基的1000mL摇瓶中,30℃恒温180转/分震荡培养至对数期;准备接种种子罐。在500L的种子罐中投入培养基质400L,基质配方为:葡萄糖0.8%、酵母膏0.3%、氯化钠0.4%、FeCl3 0.001%、pH值7.2。投料完毕后121℃湿热高温灭菌30分钟,冷却至30℃,取培养好的摇瓶中的菌种按8%的接种量接种500L种子罐培养至对数期。得到的种子液按10%的接种量接入相同培养基的生产罐中培养。在菌株接入种子罐和生产罐培养的过程中通入无菌空气,通气量为1:0.6,搅拌速度为220r.p.m.,培养温度为28℃,全流程培养时间为72h。生产罐发酵完成后培养液用泥炭吸附分装成固体剂型。
实施例3:昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187-2生物杀虫菌剂的制备
将本发明的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株R187-2甘油菌原种在NBTA培养基(牛肉浸膏0.5%,牛肉蛋白胨1%,琼脂2%,红氮四唑0.0025%,溴汾蓝0.004%,pH 7.2~7.4)平板上活化24h,测定其杀虫活性,活性高的红色单菌落接种于试管LB斜面上备用。取试管种接种于180mL LB培养基的1000mL摇瓶中,30℃恒温180转/分震荡培养至对数期;准备接种种子罐。在500L的种子罐中投入培养基质400L,基质配方为:葡萄糖0.7%、酵母膏0.15%、氯化钠0.3%、FeCl3 0.001%、pH值7.4。投料完毕后121℃湿热高温灭菌30分钟,冷却至30℃,取培养好的摇瓶中的菌种按8%的接种量接种500L种子罐培养至对数期。得到的种子液按9%的接种量接入相同培养基的生产罐中培养。在菌株接入种子罐和生产罐培养的过程中通入无菌空气,通气量为1:0.8,搅拌速度为200r.p.m.,培养温度为33℃,全流程培养时间为66h。生产罐发酵完成后培养液直接分装成液体剂型。
实施例4:
实施例1制备的S187-2液体菌剂对大蜡螟初孵幼虫的致病性
S187-2液体菌剂按5%比例拌入大蜡螟初孵幼虫的饲料;在24孔板中每孔加入1块拌有菌剂的饲料,然后用毛笔小心地放入初孵幼虫,每孔放入3只;对照为生产罐无菌培养基;各20个重复;33℃培养。20天后开始观察记录幼虫的死亡情况及化蛹及羽化情况,35天的统计结果见表1。
表1. S187-2液体菌剂对大蜡螟初孵幼虫的致病性
实施例5
实施例2制备的S187-2固体菌剂对华北小黑鳃金龟幼虫(蛴螬)的致病性
取S187-2固体菌剂与1mm3大小的胡罗卜颗粒混匀,每粒葫芦卜上约沾附有108个菌体细胞,饲养华北小黑鳃金龟幼虫,10次重复,每次5只幼虫。对照组50只幼虫饲喂1mm3大小的胡罗卜颗粒。试验观察后发现,处理7天后蛴螬停止进食,体表背部出现琥珀色斑点,15天后88%的蛴螬死亡(表2),死亡时虫体红色。结果表明S187-2能够产生灵菌红素,能成功感染蛴螬,并对其产生较强的胃毒致病性。
表2. S187-2固体菌剂对蛴螬的致病性
实施例6
实施例3制备的S187-2液体菌剂对桃蚜的致病性
将本发明产品进行田间防治果梅桃蚜的试验。试验在桃蚜发生严重的初夏进行。取桃蚜危害基本一致的10棵10年生果梅树,每棵取6个枝条,其中3个为对照,喷洒2ml无菌液体培养基,3个处理枝条各喷洒2ml S187-2液体菌剂。1天后统计发现S187-2液体菌剂能很好的控制蚜虫的虫口密度,致死率高达97%(表3)。
表3. S187-2液体菌剂对桃蚜的防治结果
以上对本发明具体实施方式的描述并不限制本发明,本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变或变形,只要不脱离本发明的精神,均应属于本发明所附权利要求的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株,其特征在于,该菌株为嗜线虫沙雷氏菌(Serratianematodiphila)的高毒力菌株R187-2,2016年5月3日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,菌种保藏号为CCTCC NO: M 2016240。
2.权利要求1所述的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株在制备生物杀虫菌剂中的应用。
3.一种生物杀虫剂,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1所述的昆虫病原线虫共生菌菌株。
4.权利要求3所述的生物杀虫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)用接种针取R187-2菌种,在NBTA 培养基上划线培养24小时;
2)挑取单菌落划线保存于LB培养基斜面试管;
3)将试管菌种接种于LB培养基的摇瓶中震荡培养至对数期;
4)取3)培养的菌种接种于种子罐的培养基中培养至对数期得到种子液;
5)将4)得到的种子液接入加有与种子罐相同培养基的生产罐中培养;
6)在菌株接入种子罐和生产罐培养的过程中通入无菌空气发酵,生产罐发酵完成后培养液直接分装成液体剂型或者用泥炭吸附分装成固体剂型。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生物杀虫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4)和步骤5)中的培养基配方为葡萄糖0.6-0.8%、酵母膏0.03-0.3%、氯化钠0.2-0.4%、FeCl3 0.001%、 pH值7.2 ~ 7.5。
6.根据权利要求4所述的生物杀虫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4)和步骤5)中的接种量为8-10%。
7.根据权利要求4所述的生物杀虫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤6)中的通气比为1.0:0.6~ 1.0。
8.根据权利要求4所述的生物杀虫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)和步骤5)中的搅拌速度为180-220 rpm,培养温度为28-35℃,全流程培养时间为60~ 72 h。
9.权利要求3所述的一种生物杀虫剂在大蜡螟、蛴螬和桃蚜杀灭方面的应用。
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