CN105801815A - 一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105801815A
CN105801815A CN201610178410.4A CN201610178410A CN105801815A CN 105801815 A CN105801815 A CN 105801815A CN 201610178410 A CN201610178410 A CN 201610178410A CN 105801815 A CN105801815 A CN 105801815A
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刘晓明
张雨薇
夏虹
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Abstract

本发明的一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料及制备方法属于化学及新材料技术领域,在30‑120℃条件下和路易斯酸催化剂的作用下,且在二甲醇缩甲醛交联剂存在下,利用3,3'‑取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和/或芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物在有机溶剂中进行付克烷基化反应,获得比表面积为3‑3000m2/g手性多孔有机聚合物材料。本发明通过改变作为反应单体的组分,就能调节所得产物手性多孔有机聚合物材料的比表面积、孔参数以及联萘酚的种类和含量,产物可以作为多相催化剂应用于非均相不对称催化领域,且具有操作简单,反应条件温和等特点,原料廉价,生产成本低,具有广泛的工业应用前景。

Description

一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学及新材料技术领域,具体涉及一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法。
背景技术
非均相催化相对于均相催化由于其可以方便实现产物与催化剂的分离、回收、再利用,目前已受到广泛重视。多相催化剂通常是负载在一定的载体上或骨架自身具有一定的催化功能。多相催化中所用的载体种类较多,如碳载体、硅载体、氧化物载体和有机聚合物载体等,这些载体材料各有其独特性质,在多相催化领域应用广泛。近年来,随着材料科学的发展,一些新型的材料,比如石墨烯、碳纳米管、金属有机骨架材料和共价键联接的多孔有机聚合物材料等被人们合成出来并应用于各个领域。特别地,多孔有机聚合物材料具有高的比表面积、低的骨架密度及高的化学稳定性,而且可以选择特定的有机结构基元与合成技术来调节聚合物的孔参数与骨架性质,已经在非均相催化领域表现出了潜在的应用。
手性2,2-联萘酚及其衍生物是具有良好的手性诱导能力的分子骨架。2,2-联萘酚及其衍生物本身就是良好的手性配体,可用于多种不对称催化反应。目前,已经有几例利用2,2联萘酚为结构基元的手性多孔有机聚合物骨架被报道了。例如Lin(Ma,L.;Wanderley,M.;Lin,W.ACS Catal.2011,1,691-697)等以炔基官能团化的手性2,2-联萘酚为单体,采用“自缩合”方式,合成了三个不同比表面积大小的手性材料。负载Ti(OiPr)4后的钛基手性多孔有机骨架材料在催化ZnEt2对芳香醛的不对称加成反应中有很好的活性,转化率和选择性都高达99%,ee值中等左右(55%~81%ee),该材料可以多次循环使用。2011年,Blechert等(Bleschke,C.;Schmidt,J.;Kundu,D.S.;Blechert,S.;Thomas,A.Adv.Synth.Catal.2011,353,3101-3106)在手性联萘酚的3,3'位引入两个噻吩基团,通过噻吩的氧化聚合反应,制备出了两种手性多孔有机聚合物材料。将其应用于不对称氢转移反应时,得到的产物只有中等的ee值。2012年,Blechert等(Kundu,D.S.;Schmidt,J.;Bleschke,C.;Thomas,A.;Blechert,S.Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2012,51,5456-5459)进一步在3,3'位引入空间位阻更大的蒽环,通过噻吩氧化聚合得到更高比表面积(386m2/g)的有机多孔材料,并且该材料具有更好的催化效果。联萘酚磷酸类化合物能够对多种不对称反应表现出优异对映体选择性,而手性中心的空间结构往往对催化结果有着重要的影响。先前报道的联萘酚基手性多孔聚合物材料仍然存在比表面积较低、不易于修饰手性中心等缺点。因此,设计发展具有高效催化性能、可回收循环利用的联萘酚基手性多孔有机聚合物材料仍然是非常重要和紧迫的,在不对称非均相催化等领域具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服背景技术存在的问题,提供一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法。
具体的技术方案如下:
一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料,是以3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和/或芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物作为反应单体,通过二甲醇缩甲醛作为交联剂,在路易斯酸催化剂催化下进行付克烷基化反应获得的比表面积为3-3000m2/g的多孔有机聚合物。
一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法,在30-120℃条件下和路易斯酸催化剂的作用下,且在二甲醇缩甲醛交联剂存在下,利用3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和/或芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物在有机溶剂中进行付克烷基化反应,获得比表面积为3-3000m2/g手性多孔有机聚合物材料,所述的3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物为所有能进行付克烷基化反应中的一种或几种;所述的芳环化合物为所有能进行付克烷基化反应中的一种或几种;所述的稠环化合物为所有能进行付克烷基化反应中的一种或几种;所述的杂环化合物为所有能进行付克烷基化反应中的一种或几种。
本发明一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法,更具体的步骤为:
在常温和氮气保护下,以3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和/或芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物作为反应单体溶于有机溶剂中,溶解后反应单体的总浓度为0.01~1mol/L,然后加入二甲醇缩甲醛交联剂,搅拌溶解或分散均匀,调节温度至30-120℃;加入路易斯酸催化剂,在30-120℃温度下反应6-72小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮清洗,再利用丙酮、甲醇分别索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色或黑色手性多孔有机聚合物材料;所述的反应单体与路易斯酸催化剂、交联剂的摩尔比为1~4:8:8。
本发明的一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法中,所述的有机溶剂优选1,2-二氯乙烷或氯仿;所述的路易斯酸催化剂优选无水三氯化铁或无水三氯化铝或浓硫酸或三氟甲磺酸。
本发明的一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法中,通过改变作为反应单体的3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物的种类和比例,就能调节所得产物手性多孔有机聚合物材料的比表面积、孔参数以及联萘酚的种类和含量。产物可以作为多相催化剂应用于非均相不对称催化领域。
在本发明的实施例中,通过测定产物的傅立叶红外光谱证实材料确实是由3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物与交联剂反应获得(参见:Wood,C.D.;Tan,B.;Trewin,A.;Niu,H.J.;Bradshaw,D.;Rosseinsky,M.J.;Kyimyak,Y.Z.;Campbell,N.L.;Kirk,R.;Stockel,E.;Cooper,A.I.Chem.Mater.2007,19,2034);通过测定氮气吸附-脱附曲线计算本发明手性多孔聚合物材料的比表面积、孔尺寸和孔体积;通过手性多孔有机聚合物材料的催化实验证明其催化活性。
有益效果:
1、本发明采用的原料廉价,生产成本低,具有广泛的工业应用前景。
2、本发明采用的制备方法非常简单,反应条件温和,可以在一个反应器皿中一步完成多孔有机聚合物的合成。
3、本发明采用的合成方法具有广泛的适用性,手性多孔有机聚合物材料可以作为多相催化剂应用于非均相不对称催化领域。
4、可根据不同的应用需求灵活改变3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和/或芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物的种类与比例。
附图说明:
图1是实施例1制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的傅立叶红外图谱(IR)。
图2是实施例4制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的傅立叶红外图谱(IR)。
图3是实施例8制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的傅立叶红外图谱(IR)。
图4是实施例13制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的傅立叶红外图谱(IR)。
图5是实施例14制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的傅立叶红外图谱(IR)。
图6是实施例15制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的傅立叶红外图谱(IR)。
图7是实施例1制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的氮气吸附-脱附等温线(77K)。
图8是实施例4制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的氮气吸附-脱附等温线(77K)。
图9是实施例8制备的多孔有机聚合物材料的氮气吸附-脱附等温线(77K)。
在图7~9中,实心点代表吸附曲线,空心点代表脱附曲线。
具体实施方式
以下实施例1-15是本发明的手性多孔有机聚合物材料及制备方法的实施例,实施例16是本发明的手性多孔有机聚合物材料作为催化剂的应用实施例。这些实施例将有助于理解本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此内容。
实施例1
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二苯基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸50mg(0.10mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛35.5μL(0.40mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁64.9mg(0.40mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。其傅立叶红外图谱(IR)如图1所示,氮气吸附-脱附等温线(77K)如图7所示。
实施例2
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-(4-甲氧基)-苯基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸50mg(0.09mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛32μL(0.36mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁58mg(0.36mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例3
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-2-萘基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸50mg(0.083mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛29.5μL(0.33mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁54.1mg(0.33mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例4
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-9-蒽基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸50mg(0.071mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛25.5μL(0.29mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁23.2mg(46.3mg,0.29mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。其傅立叶红外图谱(IR)如图2所示,氮气吸附-脱附等温线(77K)如图8所示。
实施例5
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-9-蒽基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸50mg(0.071mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛25μL(0.29mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入三氟甲磺酸25μL(0.23mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例6
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-9-蒽基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸50mg(0.071mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛25μL(0.29mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入浓硫酸15.5μL(0.29mmol)50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例7
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-9-菲基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸50mg(0.071mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛25μL(0.29mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁23.2mg(46.3mg,0.29mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例8
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-2,6-异丙基-苯基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸50mg(0.075mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛26.5μL(0.30mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁48.5mg(0.30mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。其傅立叶红外图谱(IR)如图3所示,氮气吸附-脱附等温线(77K)如图9所示。
实施例9
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-4-甲氧基-苯基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸28mg(0.05mmol)和3,3'-二-2-萘基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸30mg(0.05mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛35.4μL(0.4mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁65mg(0.4mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例10
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-9-菲基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸40mg(0.057mmol)和苯5μL(0.057mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛40.5μL(0.46mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁74.2mg(0.46mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例11
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-9-菲基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸40mg(0.057mmol)和联苯8.8mg(0.057mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛40.5μL(0.46mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷4mL(0.5mL),搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁74.2mg(0.46mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例12
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-2-菲基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸40mg(0.057mmol)和三苯胺14mg(0.057mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛40.5μL(0.46mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁74.2mg(0.46mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。
实施例13
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-9-菲基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸40mg(0.057mmol)和噻吩4.5μL(0.057mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛40.5μL(0.46mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至30℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁74.2mg(0.46mmol),30℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。其傅立叶红外图谱(IR)如图4所示。
实施例14
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-2-菲基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸40mg(0.057mmol)和N-甲基咔唑10.3mg(0.057mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛40.5μL(0.46mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL,搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至120℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铁74.2mg(0.46mmol),120℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。其傅立叶红外图谱(IR)如图5所示。
实施例15
在氮气保护下,在反应瓶中加入3,3'-二-2-萘基-2,2'-联萘酚磷酸40mg(0.057mmol)和萘7.3mg(0.057mmol)、二甲醇缩甲醛40.5μL(0.46mmol)、无水1,2-二氯乙烷2mL、搅拌使其分散均匀后升温至50℃,向反应瓶中加入无水三氯化铝61.34mg(0.46mmol),50℃反应48小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用10~30mL的甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮分别洗三次;将得到的固体用丙酮索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色手性多孔有机聚合物材料。其傅立叶红外图谱(IR)如图6所示。
实施例16
称取底物(0.20mmol),汉斯酯(60.5mg,0.24mmol)以及实施例4中制备的手性多孔联萘酚基聚合物(0.004mmol)置于小安瓶中,加入1.5mL氯仿。混合物在25℃下反应1~24小时,然后过滤,产物通过柱分离获得。ee值(即对映体过量)通过高效液相色谱获得。催化活化如表1。
表1.催化不对称反应举例

Claims (4)

1.一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料,是以3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和/或芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物作为反应单体,通过二甲醇缩甲醛作为交联剂,在路易斯酸催化剂催化下进行付克烷基化反应获得的比表面积为3-3000m2/g的多孔有机聚合物。
2.一种权利要求1的手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法,在30-120℃条件下和路易斯酸催化剂的作用下,且在二甲醇缩甲醛交联剂存在下,利用3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和/或芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物在有机溶剂中进行付克烷基化反应,获得比表面积为3-3000m2/g手性多孔有机聚合物材料,所述的3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物为所有能进行付克烷基化反应中的一种或几种;所述的芳环化合物为所有能进行付克烷基化反应中的一种或几种;所述的稠环化合物为所有能进行付克烷基化反应中的一种或几种;所述的杂环化合物为所有能进行付克烷基化反应中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体的步骤为:
在常温和氮气保护下,以3,3'-取代的联萘酚磷酸化合物和/或芳环化合物和/或稠环化合物和/或杂环化合物作为反应单体溶于有机溶剂中,溶解后反应单体的总浓度为0.01~1mol/L,然后加入二甲醇缩甲醛交联剂,搅拌溶解或分散均匀,调节温度至30-120℃;加入路易斯酸催化剂,在30-120℃温度下反应6-72小时;反应结束后,过滤固液混合物,获得的褐色或黑色固体,用四氢呋喃洗涤固体3次,然后依次用甲醇、水、二氯甲烷、丙酮清洗,再利用丙酮、甲醇分别索氏提取4小时,最后减压干燥,获得褐色或黑色手性多孔有机聚合物材料;所述的反应单体与路易斯酸催化剂、交联剂的摩尔比为1~4:8:8。
4.根据权利要求3或4所述的一种手性多孔有机聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂是1,2-二氯乙烷或氯仿;所述的路易斯酸催化剂是无水三氯化铁或无水三氯化铝或浓硫酸或三氟甲磺酸。
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