CN105798049A - Harmless treatment technology for town household garbage - Google Patents

Harmless treatment technology for town household garbage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105798049A
CN105798049A CN201610164734.2A CN201610164734A CN105798049A CN 105798049 A CN105798049 A CN 105798049A CN 201610164734 A CN201610164734 A CN 201610164734A CN 105798049 A CN105798049 A CN 105798049A
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villages
small towns
subjected
described step
technology
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CN105798049B (en
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张共敏
冯建忠
王聚仓
杨晓辉
尚浩冉
张榕晏
宋冠霖
乔统
王宇航
张毅清
何惠琴
来建涛
慎伟琴
张晓峰
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04Biological compost
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A harmless treatment technology for town household garbage comprises the following specific steps that 1, the town household garbage is collected; 2, the collected town household garbage is subjected to coarse breaking; 3, the materials subjected to coarse breaking are subjected to primary screening, oversize products obtained after primary screening are subjected to gravity separation, and undersize products obtained after screening are subjected to primary aerobic fermentation; 4, the materials obtained after primary aerobic fermentation are subjected to fine breaking; and 5, the materials subjected to fine breaking are subjected to secondary screening, oversize products obtained after secondary screening are subjected to gravity separation, undersize products obtained after secondary screening are subjected to secondary aerobic fermentation and decomposition, namely, a curing procedure, the water content of the cured materials is reduced to 30% or below, and nutrient soil is produced. The technology is advanced, scientific and environment-friendly, the town household garbage is turned into wealth, the nutrient soil with high market value is produced, reducing, recycling and harmless treatment of the town household garbage is achieved, and town pollution is reduced.

Description

Villages and small towns technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of waste treatment, particularly relate to a kind of villages and small towns technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage.
Background technology
House refuse, refers in daily life or provides for daily life the solid waste produced in the activity of service and law, administrative regulation to specify to be considered as the solid waste of house refuse.House refuse generally can be divided into four big classes: recyclable rubbish, garbage, Harmful Waste and Other Waste.Conventional waste disposal method mainly has comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfills, burning and compost.Rubbish is carried out classification retrieval management, it is possible to effectively reduce pollution, increase the recycling of recyclable rubbish.According to the regulation in " the anti-method for the treatment of of People's Republic of China's pollutant of solid-waste environment ", house refuse refers in daily life or provides for daily life the solid waste produced in the activity of service and law, administrative regulation to specify to be considered as the solid waste of house refuse.
Show according to " life in China garbage disposal industry development prospect and the prediction of investment forecasting analysis report " data, along with economical developing rapidly, constantly the increasing and the raising day by day of living standards of the people of population, the generation amount of China's house refuse also sharply increases, very big burden is caused to environment, have impact on the basis of sustainable development, constrain the further development of national economy.How following innoxious, minimizing and resource principle and these rubbish are processed by target, fundamentally solving rubbish becomes, to the harm of environment, the problem that present society all circles extremely pay close attention to.Especially for
China's domestic rubbish disposal industry is started late, but by fast development in recent years, China's garbage disposal industry also begins to take shape, and industry just progressively strides forward to the period of maturation from the growth stage.Along with the continuous aggravation of domestic rubbish disposal industry competition, domestic outstanding domestic rubbish disposal enterprise more and more payes attention to the research to industry market, the particularly further investigation to Business Development Environment and customer demand Long-term change trend.Just because of this, large quantities of domestic outstanding domestic rubbish disposal enterprises emerge rapidly, are increasingly becoming the outstanding figure in domestic rubbish disposal industry.
House refuse generally can be divided into four big classes:
One, recyclable rubbish.Including stationery, metal, plastics, glass etc., recycled by integrated treatment, it is possible to reduce pollute, save resource.850 kilograms of paper can be made as often reclaimed 1 ton of waste paper, save 300 kilograms of timber, produce than equivalent and reduce pollution 74%;Often reclaim 1 ton of plastic beverage bottle and can obtain 0.7 ton of secondary raw materials;Often reclaiming 1 ton of scrap iron and steel and can refine steel 0.9 ton, save cost 47% than with ore smelting, reduce air pollution 75%, the water reducing 97% pollutes and solid waste.
Two, garbage.The foodstuff refuse such as including leftovers, leftovers, bone, dish root, dish leaf, through biotechnology treatment in situ compost, per ton produces 0.3 ton of organic fertilizer.
Three, Harmful Waste.Including refuse battery, waste daylight lamp tube, useless mercurial thermometer, Expired drug etc., these rubbish need specific safety to process.
Four, Other Waste.Including the brick and tile pottery except above-mentioned a few class rubbish, dregs, toilet waste paper etc., it is difficult to the garbage reclaimed, takes sanitary landfills to be effectively reduced the pollution to subsoil water, surface water, soil and air.
The harm of house refuse probably has following five aspects:
1. plastics: be difficult to decompose, destroy soil property, make plant growing reduce 30%;Polluted underground water it is likely to after landfill;Burning can produce harmful gas.
2, battery: button cell contains toxic heavy metal hydrargyrum;Rechargeable battery contains harmful heavy metal cadmium;Aneroid battery is mercurous, plumbous and the environmentally harmful material such as acid-base class material.
3, surplus meal: grow mosquitos and flies in a large number;Promote the antibacterial amount reproduction in rubbish, produce toxic gas and biogas, cause rubbish to explode.
4, paint and pigment: the paint containing organic solvent can cause headache, allergy, stupor or carcinogenic;It is dangerous inflammable thing;How containing heavy metal in pigment, health is unfavorable.
5, cleaning class chemical drugs: containing the petrochemicals of organic solvent or the Nature difficult degradation;There is corrosivity;Chloride element (such as bleach, floor lotion etc.), human body is poisonous;Medicine is containing ozone-layer depleting substance;In insecticide, there are about 50% containing carcinogen, some can damaged animal liver.
At present life is come and processing mode include following several:
1, landfill disposal.Landfill is the effective ways of villages and small towns house refuse of dissolving in a large number, is also the final processing method of all garbage treating process residues, the commonly used direct landfill method of China.So-called directly landfill method is to insert rubbish in ready hole to cover compacting so that it is biology, physics, chemical change, decomposing organic matter occur, reaches minimizing and innoxious purpose.
2, burning disposal.Burning method is to be placed in high temperature furnace by rubbish so that it is a kind of method that middle combustible component is fully oxidized, and the heat of generation is used for generating electricity and heating.
3, compost treatment.House refuse is piled up in heaps, be incubated to 70 DEG C of storages, fermentation, by the ability of microbial decomposition in rubbish, Organic substance resolved into inorganic nutrients.After compost treatment, house refuse becomes health, tasteless humus.Both having solved the outlet of rubbish, and can reach again the purpose of renewable resources, but consumer garbage compost amount is big, nutrient content is low, and cannot be used for agricultural, is only used for greening and waits the industry unrelated with food, so, the scale of compost is seriously restricted by market.
At present, in the vast villages and small towns of China, the processing mode of house refuse is mainly based on simple and easy landfill that technique is the most backward, substantially any effective pollution prevention measure is not taked, causing a large amount of percolate containing high concentration organic contaminant, stench and greenhouse gases to be directly discharged into environment, the health of villages and small towns ecological environment and the safety of drinking water in serious threat.Burning is the another kind of major way of China's villages and small towns garbage disposal, and the outdoor or local method burning disposal mode of main employing, process facility is extremely simple and crude.Owing to villages and small towns rubbish water content is high, calorific value is low, incomplete combustion, not taking any gas cleaning measure in burning process, a large amount of flying dusts that burning process produces, two English, carbon monoxide, the hazardous contaminant such as residue arbitrarily discharge, and cause serious secondary pollution.Villages and small towns house refuse is based on mixed collection, directly biodegradable organic waste higher for moisture content is mixed with other rubbish, not only increase the potential safety hazard of landfill yard, reduce waste incineration calorific value, and serious waste resource, especially the recycling of biodegradable organic waste is seriously ignored.On the other hand, owing to the understanding of domestic rubbish disposal and management deficiency, causing that domestic rubbish disposal disposal technology is extensive single, cause serious secondary pollution, reduction is poor, and resource utilization rate is low, and the environmental problem that villages and small towns domestic rubbish disposal produces becomes increasingly conspicuous.Present stage, the domestic research for the process of villages and small towns domestic garbage resource is more backward, lacks the effective comprehensive treatment technique of mature economy and means.Therefore, efficient and rational villages and small towns domestic refuse resource treatment technology is developed to controlling China's villages and small towns living garbage pollution, it is achieved the minimizing of house refuse, resource, harmless treatment are disposed significant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve weak point of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of technique is advanced, the villages and small towns technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage of science environmental protection.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that villages and small towns technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage, including step in detail below,
(1), villages and small towns house refuse is collected;
(2), the villages and small towns house refuse after collecting is carried out coarse crushing;
(3), the material after coarse crushing is once sieved, the oversize once obtained after screening carries out gravity separation, the heavy substance emergency burial that gravity separation operation sorts out processes, and the light materials that gravity separation operation sorts out is compressed pretreatment and keeps in, and then outward transport focuses on;The siftage obtained after screening is transported in closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank and carries out main fermentation, simultaneously supply in closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank, and the temperature of main fermentation is 60 °-70 °;
(4), the material after main fermentation is carried out fine crushing;
(5), the material after fine crushing is carried out regrading, the oversize obtained after regrading carries out gravity separation, the heavy substance emergency burial that gravity separation operation sorts out processes, and the light materials that gravity separation operation sorts out is compressed pretreatment and keeps in, and then outward transport focuses on;The siftage obtained after regrading carries out secondary aerobic fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, i.e. curing step, and after ripening, material water ratio is down to less than 30%, namely produces Nutrition Soil.
Described step (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) are collected in waste gas collecting system by the waste gas of villages and small towns house refuse Spontaneous release in collection process and in coarse crushing operation, the waste gas negative pressure once sieved in operation, fine crushing operation and regrading operation;Also being collected in waste gas collecting system by gas extraction system by the waste gas discharged in sweat in described step (3), (5), then by bacteria bed deodoration system, the waste gas in waste gas collecting system is carried out exhaust-gas treatment, after up to standard, row is in air.
The percolate oozed out in coarse crushing operation, once screening operation and main fermentation operation in described step (2), (3), (4) is discharge after three compartment septic tanks and biomembrane process are up to standard successively.
Villages and small towns house refuse in described step (1) passes sequentially through pound and claims metering, topples over collecting process and be collected.
The once screening operation that villages and small towns house refuse after described step (2) coarse crushing operation is delivered to step (3) by material process on carrier bar is sieved.
The temperature of the main fermentation in described step (3) is 70 °.
The granule size of the material of the siftage obtained after regrading in described step (5) is not more than 0.5cm.
In the present invention closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank (patent No. is 201310348486.3) used by main fermentation for the applicant in the 2013-08-12 patent of invention applied for.Therefore, the specific configuration of closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank and use procedure just no longer elaborate.Carry out main fermentation owing to have employed employing closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank, so not only shorten the time of aerobic fermentation, and substantially increase quality and the fertilizer efficiency of Nutrition Soil.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Present invention process is advanced, reasonable, science environmental protection, abundant Appropriate application villages and small towns produce and living resources, villages and small towns house refuse being made a silk purse out of a sow's ear, producing pole has the Nutrition Soil of market value, it also avoid in villages and small towns domestic rubbish disposal process and environment is polluted further, outer freight volume reduces 70%-80%, reduce cost of transportation and be further processed into this, thus realizing villages and small towns Domestic Waste Minimization, resource, harmless treatment, decreasing villages and small towns and polluting, improve villages and small towns ecological sanitation environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
As it is shown in figure 1, the villages and small towns technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage of the present invention, including step in detail below,
(1), villages and small towns house refuse is collected;
(2), the villages and small towns house refuse after collecting is carried out coarse crushing;
(3), the material after coarse crushing is once sieved, the oversize once obtained after screening carries out gravity separation, the heavy substance emergency burial that gravity separation operation sorts out processes, the light materials that gravity separation operation sorts out is compressed pretreatment and keeps in, as RDF(garbage derivatived fuel) outward transport focus on;The siftage obtained after screening is transported in closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank and carries out main fermentation, simultaneously supply in closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank, and the temperature of main fermentation is 65 °-75 °;
(4), the material after main fermentation is carried out fine crushing;
(5), the material after fine crushing is carried out regrading, the oversize obtained after regrading carries out gravity separation, the heavy substance emergency burial that gravity separation operation sorts out processes, the light materials that gravity separation operation sorts out is compressed pretreatment and keeps in, as RDF(garbage derivatived fuel) outward transport focus on;The siftage obtained after regrading carries out secondary aerobic fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, i.e. curing step, and after ripening, material water ratio is down to less than 30%, namely produces Nutrition Soil, local use.
Described step (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) are collected in waste gas collecting system by the waste gas of villages and small towns house refuse Spontaneous release in collection process and in coarse crushing operation, the waste gas negative pressure once sieved in operation, fine crushing operation and regrading operation;Also being collected in waste gas collecting system by gas extraction system by the waste gas discharged in sweat in described step (3), (5), then by bacteria bed deodoration system, the waste gas in waste gas collecting system is carried out exhaust-gas treatment, after up to standard, row is in air.
The percolate oozed out in coarse crushing operation in described step (2), (3), (4), once screening operation and main fermentation operation successively through three compartment septic tanks and biomembrane process up to standard after discharge, or the percolate oozed out in coarse crushing operation, once screening operation and main fermentation operation in described step (2), (3), (4) be fed directly to villages and small towns sewage treatment plant process.
Villages and small towns house refuse in described step (1) passes sequentially through pound and claims metering, topples over collecting process and be collected.
The once screening operation that villages and small towns house refuse after described step (2) coarse crushing operation is delivered to step (3) by material process on carrier bar is sieved.
The temperature of the main fermentation in described step (3) is 70 °.
The granule size of the material of the siftage obtained after regrading in described step (5) is not more than 0.5cm.
Present invention process is advanced, reasonable, science environmental protection, abundant Appropriate application villages and small towns produce and living resources, villages and small towns house refuse being made a silk purse out of a sow's ear, producing pole has the Nutrition Soil of market value, it also avoid in villages and small towns domestic rubbish disposal process and environment is polluted further, outer freight volume reduces 70%-80%, reduce cost of transportation and be further processed into this, thus realizing villages and small towns Domestic Waste Minimization, resource, harmless treatment, decreasing villages and small towns and polluting, improve villages and small towns ecological sanitation environment.
Above example is only in order to illustrative not limiting technical scheme, although the present invention being described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that: still the present invention can be modified or equivalent replacement, without deviating from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (7)

1. villages and small towns technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage, it is characterised in that: include step in detail below,
(1), villages and small towns house refuse is collected;
(2), the villages and small towns house refuse after collecting is carried out coarse crushing;
(3), the material after coarse crushing is once sieved, the oversize once obtained after screening carries out gravity separation, the heavy substance emergency burial that gravity separation operation sorts out processes, and the light materials that gravity separation operation sorts out is compressed pretreatment and keeps in, and then outward transport focuses on;The siftage obtained after screening is transported in closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank and carries out main fermentation, simultaneously supply in closed horizontal double-layer barrel aerobic fermentation tank, and the temperature of main fermentation is 60 °-70 °;
(4), the material after main fermentation is carried out fine crushing;
(5), the material after fine crushing is carried out regrading, the oversize obtained after regrading carries out gravity separation, the heavy substance emergency burial that gravity separation operation sorts out processes, and the light materials that gravity separation operation sorts out is compressed pretreatment and keeps in, and then outward transport focuses on;The siftage obtained after regrading carries out secondary aerobic fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, i.e. curing step, and after ripening, material water ratio is down to less than 30%, namely produces Nutrition Soil.
2. villages and small towns according to claim 1 technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage, it is characterised in that: described step (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) are collected in waste gas collecting system by the waste gas of villages and small towns house refuse Spontaneous release in collection process and in coarse crushing operation, the waste gas negative pressure once sieved in operation, fine crushing operation and regrading operation;Also being collected in waste gas collecting system by gas extraction system by the waste gas discharged in sweat in described step (3), (5), then by bacteria bed deodoration system, the waste gas in waste gas collecting system is carried out exhaust-gas treatment, after up to standard, row is in air.
3. villages and small towns according to claim 1 technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage, it is characterised in that: the percolate oozed out in coarse crushing operation, once screening operation and main fermentation operation in described step (2), (3), (4) is discharge after three compartment septic tanks and biomembrane process are up to standard successively.
4. villages and small towns according to claim 1 technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage, it is characterised in that: the villages and small towns house refuse in described step (1) passes sequentially through pound and claims metering, topples over collecting process and be collected.
5. villages and small towns according to claim 1 technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage, it is characterised in that: the once screening operation that the villages and small towns house refuse after described step (2) coarse crushing operation is delivered to step (3) by material process on carrier bar is sieved.
6. villages and small towns according to claim 1 technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage, it is characterised in that: the temperature of the main fermentation in described step (3) is 70 °.
7. villages and small towns according to claim 1 technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage, it is characterised in that: the granule size of the material of the siftage obtained after regrading in described step (5) is not more than 0.5cm.
CN201610164734.2A 2016-03-22 2016-03-22 Villages and small towns technology for harmless disposal of domestic garbage Expired - Fee Related CN105798049B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106944465A (en) * 2017-05-11 2017-07-14 临川环境技术(天津)有限公司 Composite module metaplasia work comprehensive treatment device for rubbishes
CN108543807A (en) * 2018-05-21 2018-09-18 阿尔法环能生物能源有限公司 A kind of method of house refuse obsolescence processing
CN108620418A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-09 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 City solid waste full dose recycling treatment and regeneration application system and method
CN109396161A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-03-01 深圳市三林生物科技工程有限公司 The quick volume reduction decrement of crude waste and the method for comprehensive resource processing

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1259502A (en) * 1998-10-30 2000-07-12 中国科学院成都生物研究所 Domestic garbage comprehensive treatment technology and complete set equipment
CN1513615A (en) * 2002-12-31 2004-07-21 上海思特经济技术开发公司 Domestic waste harmless comprehensive freatment technology and equipment system
CN102009057A (en) * 2010-09-16 2011-04-13 中山市祥源环保工程有限公司 House refuse treatment method
CN102671928A (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-09-19 四川川润环保能源科技有限公司 Method for sorting and comprehensively using urban mixed garbage
CN104607440A (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-05-13 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 Bio-drying-based domestic refuse treatment method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1259502A (en) * 1998-10-30 2000-07-12 中国科学院成都生物研究所 Domestic garbage comprehensive treatment technology and complete set equipment
CN1513615A (en) * 2002-12-31 2004-07-21 上海思特经济技术开发公司 Domestic waste harmless comprehensive freatment technology and equipment system
CN102009057A (en) * 2010-09-16 2011-04-13 中山市祥源环保工程有限公司 House refuse treatment method
CN102671928A (en) * 2012-05-07 2012-09-19 四川川润环保能源科技有限公司 Method for sorting and comprehensively using urban mixed garbage
CN104607440A (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-05-13 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 Bio-drying-based domestic refuse treatment method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106944465A (en) * 2017-05-11 2017-07-14 临川环境技术(天津)有限公司 Composite module metaplasia work comprehensive treatment device for rubbishes
CN108620418A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-10-09 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 City solid waste full dose recycling treatment and regeneration application system and method
CN108620418B (en) * 2018-05-16 2024-05-24 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 Urban solid waste full-recycling treatment and recycling system and method
CN108543807A (en) * 2018-05-21 2018-09-18 阿尔法环能生物能源有限公司 A kind of method of house refuse obsolescence processing
CN109396161A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-03-01 深圳市三林生物科技工程有限公司 The quick volume reduction decrement of crude waste and the method for comprehensive resource processing

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