CN1259502A

CN1259502A - Domestic garbage comprehensive treatment technology and complete set equipment

Info

Publication number: CN1259502A
Application number: CN98121820A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖银章; 刘晓风; 刘克鑫; 罗晋阳; 杨敬
Original assignee: Chengdu Institute of Biology of CAS
Current assignee: Chengdu Institute of Biology of CAS
Priority date: 1998-10-30
Filing date: 1998-10-30
Publication date: 2000-07-12
Anticipated expiration: 2018-10-30
Also published as: CN1128120C

Abstract

A set of supporting equipment for the comprehensive treatment process of municipal waste consists of sorting equipment for pre-treatment, unit fermentation bin for fermentation treatment, wet grinder for post-treatment, drum thermal granulation equipment for producing organic compound granular fertilizer and placement It is composed of air extraction system equipment in the three main processes of pretreatment, fermentation bin and crushing and drying. Using this set of equipment to treat urban organic waste not only integrates incineration, landfill and composting, realizes resource utilization of waste, but also obtains final products. The organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than 30%, and the hardness of the organic compound granular fertilizer reaches the national granular fertilizer standard. The environmental pollution caused by waste gas, waste water, odor and dust in the production process is reduced. It has achieved the industrialization, recycling and harmlessness of garbage disposal.

Description

Domestic garbage comprehensive treatment technology and complete set equipment

The present invention relates to the comprehensive treating process and the support equipment of domestic waste.

At present, countries in the world handle domestic waste mainly still adopt single compost, landfill, incinerating method, particularly China commonplace be to adopt composting process; These single processing or secondary pollution or energy consumption height, or cost height, or construction investment is high and be not widely adopted.In recent years, some research units have adopted the collection compost at the problem that single processing exists both at home and abroad, and burning, landfill are in the integrated conduct method of one, with the inorganic part landfill disposal; Flammable organism partly is used for burning; The organism that can become thoroughly decomposed is used for fermentation, becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is made into compoiste fertilizer at last.The new way of processing domestic waste that this method is open has played the effect of garbage disposal resource.But because of municipal wastes composition complexity, treatment process is perfect inadequately, and equipment does not match, thereby exists: inorganic refuse separates difficult with organic waste, inorganic content is higher, and fertilizer quality is poor behind the compost.The resident adopts in plastics load garbage and some bags bagging again, need manually separate bag in the assorting room, pour out, and has increased labour intensity, has reduced processing efficiency; Foul smell and floating dust are heavier in the fermentation approach and the garbage tankage course of processing, to environment pollute, the fertile granularity of organic waste is big, organic content is low; Dust is big in the course of processing, and organic compositing fertilizer granularity of producing with organic waste is big, and equipment attrition is big during granulation, and the processing charges height yields poorly.

Problem at above-mentioned existence, the objective of the invention is to set up complete, the supporting equipment of a cover, make the rationalization of entire treatment process, supportingization, no stink, no dust, the compoiste fertilizer organic content height of producing, cost is low, garbage disposal resource can be reached, processing plantization, innoxious can be reached.

Technical solution of the present invention:

1. improve the sorting index of rubbish, make the organic waste content height that enters fermentation cabin;

2. improve fermentation unit, become big fermentation cabin formula and be the unit fermentation type;

3. increase at bin stock, sorting, fermentation and fertilizer processing each several part and bleed washing, high-order discharge equipment;

4. in the refuse fertilizer course of processing, adopt the equipment that reduces dust and improve lapping degree.

Garbage comprehensive treatment technology flow process of the present invention is seen accompanying drawing 1.

According to technical process, in order to improve sorting index, improve the organism of fermentation part, in the pre-treatment sorting process stage, disposed big material size separation equipment, broken bag disintegrating apparatus, magnetic plant, the double-deck sieve apparatus that divides.Enter a domestic waste of handling and be introduced into big material separating screen, this separating screen sub-elects whopper such as straw mat, trailing plants basket, bulk foam etc., sends into incinerator to handle with burning method the heat back organism composting drying that is used to ferment.Undersized material enters the broken bag disintegrating apparatus after the big material sorting; Rubbish after the fragmentation enters horizontal pneumatic separator after irony is removed in magnetic separation, carry out sorting; Horizontal size separation equipment is divided into 4 grades with rubbish, and front end is the bulk inorganics, the centre organism of attaching most importance to, and inferior end is a spot of little inorganics, end is light thing.The heavy organism of telling is again through double-deck size separation equipment, and with the thin inorganics in the rubbish and organism and other combustiblematerialss separately, organism and combustiblematerials are with sorting through the artificial hand selection; Can be rotten carry out fermentative processing in the organism input fermentation unit after the choosing, combustiblematerials is then sent into incinerator and is burned, and the inorganics that sieves out is handled with landfill method.

At fermentation stage, the present invention adopts modular fermentation cabin replacing open-air or big fermentation type fermentation cabin, in promptly one day the rubbish loading location formula fermentation cabin.Fermentation cabin adopts bar gate type or double door.Organic waste is in the storehouse behind the fermentation maturity, and lift gate or open double door adopts scraper to carry out discharging.This sealed unit fermentation cabin is carried out the aerobic fermentation of bleeding with discontinuous during the fermentation at the bottom of the storehouse.Bleed from top, storehouse discontinuity, extract the waste gas and the water smoke that are produced in the fermenting process out.The waste gas that waste gas of extracting out when aerobic and discontinuity are extracted out, foul smell be through washing equipment, discharges after sending into the incinerator pyroprocessing after the washing.

The organic waste that becomes thoroughly decomposed after the fermentation, the present invention changes oven dry back ground mode earlier, adopts wet grinding machine to pulverize earlier, dries with reverse-flow dryer then, and the organic waste powder after the oven dry also needs further screening according to purposes.Make this organic waste when pulverizing, not produce dust with wet crushing mill; Adopt reverse-flow oven dry to make the organic waste that dries by the fire not have water smoke, if further again pulverizing need not cooled off.In addition, pulverize earlier the water content that the back oven dry can control rubbish and remain on 10%-15%, such water ratio can make that to produce dust when compound fertilizer granulating few, also can not cause garbage carbonized when oven dry.If be used to produce bacterial manure, after only needing after the case of wet attrition to sieve thin organic fertilizer is used as the auxiliary material of bacterial manure.

With water content is that the rubbish powder of 10-15% adds a certain amount of inorganic elements, mixing, carry out granulation with the hot method granulating equipment of rotary drum, the polynary compoiste fertilizer granularity that this granulating equipment is produced is little, and turnout is big, and do not need to add in addition tackiness agent, production per hour can reach more than 5 tons.

The present invention between sorting, by the separating screen, installs deodorizing, cleaning apparatus, by washing after the dedusting at the rubbish stock room between organic fertilizer production; Air extractor is installed above handpicking belt, and the waste gas that is drawn out of, foul smell, floating dust are carried by house steward, enter washing equipment, and the gas after washing is by the high-order discharging of chimney.Processing waste gas, foul smell, floating dust technology are seen accompanying drawing 2.

The domestic garbage comprehensive treatment technology flow process is seen accompanying drawing 3, and support equipment is seen accompanying drawing 4.

In the accompanying drawing 4: (1) is the rubbish accumulator; (2) be grab bucket; (3) be big thing separating screen; (4) be single roller feeding machine; (5) be the broken bag crusher; (6) be magnetic separator; (7) be horizontal winnowing machine, this winnowing machine is 4 grades, (a) (b) (c) (d); (8) be double-deck sub-sieve; (9) be handpicking belt; (10) be handpicking belt; (11) be fermentation cabin; (12) scraper; (13) sieve apparatus; (14) be wet crushing mill; (15) incinerator; (16) reverse-flow dryer; (17) dusting cover extension set; (18) mixing and blending machine; (19) the hot method tablets press of rotary drum; (20) dram; (21) screen-dividing machine; (22) cooler; (23) wrapping machine; (24) vapour generator

Embodiment:

Build up the factory that a day handles 300 tons of rubbish in the Sichuan city by above-mentioned technology and equipment combination.Through operation, organic content reaches more than 30% in the garbage tankage, and is organic higher by 40～50% than general compost.With the hot method granulating equipment of rotary drum, produced 10 tons of organic compositing fertilizers with this powder fertilizer, the fertilizer granularity is little, and hardness reaches the national standard of granulated fertilizer, and output per hour can reach more than 5 tons.Owing to adopted the fermentation of modular closed fermentation cabin and last lower pumping, alleviate waste gas, foul smell, the dust pollution of production process, not only made garbage disposal resource, obtained certain economic benefits, environmental standard also reaches national regulation, whole factory cleaning, clean.

Claims

1. A set of supporting equipment for the comprehensive treatment process of municipal solid waste integrating composting, incineration and landfilling. Its characteristics are: large material separation equipment, bag breaking equipment and magnetic separation equipment are equipped in the pre-treatment and separation process stage , double-layer screening equipment; in the composting fermentation stage, a unit type double-door (or gate type) fermentation bin is used; wet grinding equipment is used in the process of organic waste fertilizer processing; drum thermal granulation is used for the production of organic compound granular fertilizer equipment.

The municipal solid waste is sent to the large-scale sorting screen with a grab or forklift, and then enters the bag-breaking crushing equipment, then enters the magnetic separation equipment, and then enters the horizontal wind separation equipment, and the fine inorganic matter and large inorganic matter are landfilled; Recycling or incineration after sorting; heavy organic matter is sieved by double layers, and fine inorganic matter is landfilled; combustible matter is incinerated; decomposed matter enters the unit fermentation bin for fermentation and then enters the wet grinder, and then enters countercurrent drying after grinding Then enter the mixing equipment, then enter the drum thermal granulator, then enter the dryer, then enter the screening machine, then enter the cooling machine, and then enter the compound granular fertilizer through the packaging machine.

2. The municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment process supporting equipment integrating incineration, landfill and composting according to claim 1 is characterized in that dust removal is installed in the garbage storage room, sorting room, and sub-screening organic fertilizer production room Equipment, an exhaust device is installed above the hand-selecting belt, and the extracted waste gas, odor, and floating dust are output through the main pipe for washing, and the washed gas is discharged from the chimney system after high-temperature treatment.

3. According to claim 1 or 2, the municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment supporting equipment integrating incineration, landfilling and composting is characterized in that: two sets of air extractors are equipped in the unit fermentation bin, and the aerobic During the period, air is intermittently pumped from the bottom of the warehouse for aerobic fermentation, and intermittently pumped from the top of the warehouse. The exhaust gas produced during the fermentation process is washed and sent to the incinerator for high-temperature treatment and then discharged.

4. The municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment process supporting equipment integrating incineration, landfill and composting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: when making fertilizer, it is first wet-grinded and then dried, that is, wet-grinded machine before the dryer. When using organic waste powder fertilizer to produce organic compound granulated fertilizer, drum thermal granulation equipment is used.