CN105793084B - 用于控制混合动力传动系的热力发动机起动的方法 - Google Patents

用于控制混合动力传动系的热力发动机起动的方法 Download PDF

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CN105793084B
CN105793084B CN201480064922.7A CN201480064922A CN105793084B CN 105793084 B CN105793084 B CN 105793084B CN 201480064922 A CN201480064922 A CN 201480064922A CN 105793084 B CN105793084 B CN 105793084B
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thermal motor
control method
electric drive
drive machine
motor
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CN105793084A (zh
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J-M·韦斯帕斯恩
M·德贝尔
A·凯特菲-谢里夫
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New H Power Transmission System Holdings Ltd
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Renault SAS
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于控制混合发动机动力传动系的热力发动机(3)的起动的方法，该混合发动机动力传动系包括一个热力发动机(3)和一个电动机器(7)；两个同心主轴(1，6)，它们对应地联接到该热力发动机(3)上和联接到该电动机器(7)上，每个主轴(1，6)的至少一个减速齿轮(8，9)在被连接至该车辆的车轮的一个副轴(10)上；以及一个用于联接这两个主轴(1，6)的装置(5)，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：联接这两个主轴；禁止该热力发动机的燃料喷射；借助于该电动机器带动该热力发电机；使该热力发动机无燃料喷射地和该电动机器速度同步；激活燃料喷射；并且关闭该电动机器并且将这两个主轴解除联接。

Description

用于控制混合动力传动系的热力发动机起动的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于配备有热力发动机和电动驱动机器的机动车辆的混合动力变速器的领域。
背景技术
本发明涉及一种用于控制混合动力传动系的热力发动机从停止开始起动的方法，该混合动力传动系包括一个热力发动机和一个电动驱动机器、两个同心主轴(一个被联接到该热力发动机上并且一个被联接到该电动驱动机器上，并且各自承载在被连接至该车辆的车轮的一个副轴上的至少一个减速齿轮)、以及一个用于联接这两个主轴的装置。
本发明可以通过一种非限制性的方式应用于如公开文件WO 2012/131259中描述的混合动力变速器，该混合动力变速器包括两个同心主轴(1，6)，这些同心主轴各自承载在连接至该车辆的车轮的副轴上的至少一个减速齿轮，其中，在这两个主轴之间的第一联接装置可以占据三个位置，在这些位置中：
-该热力发动机与将电动驱动机器连接至车轮的运动链解除联接，
-该热力发动机独立于该电动驱动机器驱动这些车轮，
-该热力发动机与该电动驱动机器联接以便将它们在车轮方向上的各自的转矩相加。
在这种变速器中，还存在三个位置用于使被联接到电动机的主轴与副轴直接连接：
-该电动机没有直接联接至该副轴，
-该电动机以第一比率直接附接至该副轴，以及
-该电动机以第二比率直接附接至该副轴。
通过目前对配备有这种类型的动力传动系的车辆的使用，车辆的驾驶者可以被提示来从停止或在移动时激活需要起动热力发动机的混合模式。
对污染排放的分析证明了以下事实：每次热力发动机首次起动时，催化转化器尚未准备好，作为结果，污染排放使得可能在整个认证循环上不满足关于减少污染的标准。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过尤其当其催化转化器尚未准备好时减少与热力发动机的起动相关的污染排放来克服这种缺点。
根据此目的，本发明提出的是，热力发动机的起动包括以下步骤：
-联接这两个主轴，
-禁止该热力发动机的燃料喷射，
-借助于该电动驱动机器带动该热力发动机，
-使该热力发动机和该电动驱动机器的速度同步，
-激活燃料喷射，
-关闭该电动驱动机器并且将这两个主轴解除联接。
根据本发明，热力发动机和电动驱动机器可以同步在热力发动机的怠速速度或在大于这个怠速速度的速度上。
附图说明
通过阅读本发明的非限定性实施例的以下说明并参见附图，将更好地理解本发明的进一步的特征和优点，在附图中：
-图1是用于实施本发明的混合动力变速器的简图，
-图2展示了热力发动机用其启动机起动的不同阶段，并且
-图3是展示了由本发明提出的起动序列的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1的混合动力传动系(PT)包括热力发动机3(仅示出了其飞轮2)、电动驱动机器7以及对应地联接至热力发动机3和电动驱动机器7的两个同心主轴1、6。每个主轴1、6承载在连接至车辆车轮的副轴10上的至少一个减速齿轮4和8、9。变速器配备有在这两个主轴1、6之间的第一联接装置5。主齿轮4是实心轴1的惰轮，并且这两个主齿轮8和9是空心轴6的固定齿轮。这两个次级齿轮11和12是惰轮，而次级齿轮14是固定齿轮。第二联接装置13可以将这两个齿轮8、9中的一个或另一个连接至副轴10。参考号15和16分别表示变速器在其差动部分16上的减速齿轮15。
在这两个主轴1、6之间的第一联接装置5可以占据三个位置，在这些位置中：
-热力发动机3与将电动驱动机器7连接至车轮的运动链解除联接，
-热力发动机3独立于电动驱动机器7驱动这些车轮，以及
-热力发动机3与电动驱动机器7联接以便将它们在车轮方向上的各自的转矩相加。
第二联接装置13也可以占据三个位置，在这些位置中：
-电动驱动机器7没有直接联接至副轴10，
-电动驱动机器通过齿轮12以第一比率直接连接至副轴10，以及
-电动驱动机器通过齿轮11以第二比率直接连接至副轴。
当热力发动机在常规启动机的帮助下启动时，对污染排放的详细分析证明了以下事实：为允许热力发动机越过启动机的最大速度到达一种允许所述热力发动机带有怠速速度调节地自主运行的速度，燃料喷射于是就是必须的。图3展示了热力发动机起动的不同阶段：
-阶段1：激活发动机的启动机，
-阶段2：燃料喷射以允许发动机增大速度，
-阶段3：中断喷射以便接近目标怠速速度，
-阶段4：激活怠速速度调节(将喷射再次激活)。
现今车辆都配备有催化转化器以减少在正常运行事件中的污染排放。然而，如上表明，每次首次启动热力发动机时污染排放都是特别显著的，因为催化转化器尚未准备好。这恰恰是在阶段2的过程中，其中发动机释放未燃烧残留物，因为催化器尚未准备好。
本发明提出借助于具体控制来与图2不同地进行热力发动机的起动的阶段1和2，使其有可能尤其在冷机起动的情况下减少污染排放。代替使用与电动驱动机器分开的启动机(这被放弃)，并且用电动驱动机器来启动热力发动机。在这些条件下的起动序列包括以下步骤：
-联接这两个主轴，
-禁止该热力发动机的燃料喷射，
-借助于该电动驱动机器带动该热力发动机，
-使该热力发动机和该电动驱动机器的速度同步，
-激活燃料喷射，
-关闭该电动驱动机器并且将这两个主轴解除联接。
所提出的序列尤其适用于使用“静止再充电”的特定模式，包括将电动驱动机器转换为发动机，借助于热力发动机来当车辆静止时对电池再充电。有图3展示了相应的序列。在由驾驶者他自己或她自己、或由PT的自主保护逻辑的激活请求之后，一旦建立了再充电运动模式就施加禁止热力发动机喷射和速度同步化。在图1的箱中，第一联接器5因此旋转连接这两个主轴(相对于该图向右移动)并且第二联接器13是打开的(所示出的位置)。可以使热力发动机和电动驱动机器同步在热力发动机的怠速速度或在大于这个怠速速度的速度。当同步化好时，重新激活喷射。当终止运动模式时该序列结束。对喷射的禁止和对速度的同步化优选是同时的。最后，有利的是，使喷射的燃料的流动直接到其怠速流速而没有中间启动峰值。
图3的序列尤其适用于通过图1的PT对静止车辆的电池再充电。然而，如果在行进过程中授权带动热力发动机，则该干预可以扩大至其他情况。不脱离本发明的范围，可以适当地在行进过程中引入从纯电力驱动模式变为混合动力模式的电池再充电模式(尽管这则是由暂时的动力中断完成的，这可能不利地在车辆内感知到)，其中必须启动热力发动机以便将其功率贡献与电动驱动机器的功率贡献相加。
总之，应该注意的是，所提出的解决方案不需要任何特定装备，并且简单地需要对混合PT进行具体控制来启动热力发动机。这种方案的益处有许多：
-在降低污染方面的益处：减少了污染排放，因为不燃烧燃料地实施了热力发动机速度方面的升高，
-在声学方面的益处，因为热力发动机的启动机没有接合，并且
-在适宜性方面的益处：通过接合电动牵引机器以便确保热力发动机的起动，减少了起动时间，因为电动驱动机器的性能优于启动机的性能。
该解决方案的主要益处因此是使得热力发动机能够从停止初始起动，尤其用于激活在静止下的电池的再充电。实际上，一旦催化转化器准备好了，随后(在启动器下)的起动就正确地清除了污染。在驱动循环上对热力发动机的任何初始起动使用这种解决方案可以因此在电池再充电模式以外使用，例如以便接合混合模式。由于它比常规用启动机启动更安静、更快和更少污染，于是可以在初始起动之后(尤其是当车辆停止时)通过应用具体策略地使用所提出的启动模式，例如：
-激活催化器的策略，包括将催化器加热以使其准备好，从而能够确保其清除污染的功能，或者
-当电池的电量水平变得临界时保存电量水平的策略。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于控制车辆的混合动力传动系的热力发动机(3)的起动的控制方法，该混合动力传动系包括：一个热力发动机(3)和一个电动驱动机器(7)；两个同心主轴(1，6)，一个被联接到该热力发动机(3)上并且一个被联接到该电动驱动机器(7)上，每个主轴(1，6)的至少一个减速齿轮(8，9)在被连接至该车辆的车轮的一个副轴(10)上；以及一个用于联接这两个主轴(1，6)的装置(5)，其特征在于，所述控制方法包括以下步骤：
-联接这两个主轴，
-禁止该热力发动机的燃料喷射，
-借助于该电动驱动机器带动该热力发动机，
-使该热力发动机无燃料喷射地和该电动驱动机器速度同步，
-激活燃料喷射，
-关闭该电动驱动机器并且将这两个主轴解除联接。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制方法，其特征在于，该热力发动机(3)和该电动驱动机器(7)同步在该热力发动机的怠速速度。
3.如权利要求1所述的控制方法，其特征在于，该热力发动机(3)和该电动驱动机器(7)同步在大于该热力发动机的怠速速度的速度。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的控制方法，其特征在于，速度同步化和禁止喷射是同时的。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的控制方法，其特征在于，使得喷射燃料的流动直接到其怠速流速，而没有中间启动峰值。
6.如权利要求1所述的控制方法，其特征在于，该控制方法在激活了该车辆的电池静止下运动再充电模式时进行干预，其中，该热力发动机(3)转动该电动驱动机器(7)而成为发电机。
7.如权利要求6所述的控制方法，其特征在于，当该装置(5)连接这两个主轴(1，6)时，使用该运动再充电模式。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，该运动再充电模式是在静止下的再充电模式。
9.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的控制方法，其特征在于，该控制方法在电动模式与混合动力模式之间的转换事件中进行干预，在该电动模式中仅该电动驱动机器(7)确保该车辆的驱动，该混合动力模式需要起动该热力发动机(3)以便将其功率贡献与该电动驱动机器(7)的功率贡献相加。
10.如权利要求6或7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，该控制方法被预留用于在驱动循环的过程中对该热力发动机(3)进行初始起动。
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