CN105789364B - 一种无铝型ii类超晶格长波双势垒红外探测器 - Google Patents

一种无铝型ii类超晶格长波双势垒红外探测器 Download PDF

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CN105789364B
CN105789364B CN201610351898.6A CN201610351898A CN105789364B CN 105789364 B CN105789364 B CN 105789364B CN 201610351898 A CN201610351898 A CN 201610351898A CN 105789364 B CN105789364 B CN 105789364B
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周易
陈建新
王芳芳
徐志成
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Zhongke aibisaisi (Changzhou) Photoelectric Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无铝型II类超晶格双势垒长波红外探测器,其具体结构为GaSb衬底向上依次为超晶格长波N型接触层、超晶格空穴势垒层、超晶格长波吸收区、超晶格中波电子势垒层和超晶格长波P型接触层,上电极TiPtAu位于超晶格长波N型接触层上,下电极TiPtAu位于超晶格长波P型接触层上。本发明公开的结构利用无铝型双势垒的设计和引入获得暗电流小、探测率高,信噪比大的长波超晶格红外探测器。

Description

一种无铝型II类超晶格长波双势垒红外探测器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种红外探测器,具体涉及一种无铝型II类超晶格长波红外探测器的纵向器件结构,它应用于高性能长波红外焦平面探测器及成像系统核心元器件。
背景技术
生长在GaSb衬底上的InAs/GaSb II类超晶格是第三代红外焦平面探测器的优选材料,近年来,美国、德国、日本等国都在大力发展基于该II类超晶格的红外探测技术。InAs/GaSb异质材料体系具有十分特殊的能带排列结构,InAs禁带宽度小于InAs/GaSb的价带偏移,因此InAs的导带底在GaSb的价带顶之下,构成II类超晶格。这就导致电子和空穴在空间上是分离的,电子限制在InAs层中,而空穴限制在GaSb层中,其有效禁带宽度为电子微带至重空穴微带的能量差。InAs/GaSb II类超晶格的优势还在于能吸收正入射光,具有高的量子效率,低的俄歇复合和漏电流,易于实现高的工作温度。成熟的III-V族化合物的分子束外延生长技术为高性能II类超晶格的制备提供了技术支持。更为重要的是,II类超晶格材料体系给予探测器结构更多的可能性去设计多势垒结构,改善器件输运,并利用结构设计降低长波探测器的暗电流,提高器件性能。
目前InAs/GaSb II类超晶格探测器主要是PIN结构,红外辐射在吸收区I层中被吸收,产生光生载流子,扩散到耗尽区,被电极收集,形成光生电压。但对长波超晶格探测器,由于禁带宽度较窄,探测器的产生复合电流和隧穿电流大大影响了探测器的电学性能,提高了噪声。因此利用超晶格探测器能带结构灵活可调的特点,引入双势垒结构,可以一方面通过对耗尽区电场强度的抑制降低器件的产生复合电流和隧穿电流,从而大大提高该红外探测器的信噪比和探测率。
为了提高器件量子效率,长波超晶格探测器的吸收区一般进行P型补偿掺杂,器件的耗尽区将处于N型接触区和P型吸收区之间,因此势垒结构中空穴势垒设计将是抑制耗尽区电场强度的关键。传统的空穴势垒一般由InAs/AlSb多量子阱结构或者InAs/GaSb/AlSb/GaSb的M型结构形成,这两种结构都含有Al元素。Al元素在分子束外延生长中有较低的表面迁移率,且化学性质活泼,易与腔体中残留的氧和碳发生反应,从而降低器件的电学性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种无铝型II类超晶格双势垒长波红外探测器结构,解决目前存在以下技术问题:
1.超晶格长波探测器PIN结构暗电流水平偏高的问题;
2.空穴势垒一般含Al元素,有较低的表面迁移率,且化学性质活泼,从而降低器件的电学性能的问题;
如附图1所示,本发明的II类超晶格结构为:由GaSb衬底6自下而上依次为超晶格长波N型接触层1、超晶格空穴势垒层2、超晶格长波吸收区3、超晶格中波电子势垒层4和超晶格长波P型接触层5,上电极TiPtAu 7位于超晶格长波N型接触层1上,下电极TiPtAu 8位于超晶格长波P型接触层5上。
所述的超晶格长波N型接触层1的结构为20-80周期长波超晶格,每周期由4-6nmInAs和2-4nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1016-1017cm-3
所述的超晶格空穴势垒层2的结构为20-80周期中波超晶格,每周期由2-3nm InAs和1-2nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1015-1016cm-3
所述的超晶格长波吸收区3的结构为100-800周期长波超晶格,每周期由4-6nmInAs和2-4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1015-1016cm-3
所述的超晶格中波电子势垒层4的结构为20-80周期中波超晶格,每周期由2-3nmInAs和2-4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1015-1016cm-3
所述的超晶格长波P型接触层5的结构为20-80周期长波超晶格,每周期由4-6nmInAs和2-4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1016-1017cm-3
本发明的优点在于:与传统的PIN器件结构相比,双势垒异质结构通过对耗尽区电场强度的抑制降低器件的产生复合电流和隧穿电流,从而大大提高该红外探测器的信噪比。特别是在结构中采用了全新的无铝型空穴势垒,与含铝的InAs/AlSb多量子阱结构的空穴势垒相比,在整个探测器材料分子束外延生长中无需Al元素参与。Al在分子束外延生长中有较低的表面迁移率,且化学性质活泼,易与腔体中残留的氧和碳发生反应,从而降低器件的电学性能。因此本发明公开的结构利用不同周期厚度的InAs/GaSb超晶格材料形成无铝的双势垒红外探测器,降低器件的暗电流,提高电学性能,获得高探测率的长波超晶格红外探测器。
附图说明:
图1是无铝超晶格长波双势垒探测器结构模型;其中,1是超晶格长波N型接触层、2是超晶格空穴势垒层、3是超晶格长波吸收区、4是超晶格中波电子势垒层,5是超晶格长波P型接触层,6是GaSb衬底,7是上电极TiPtAu,8是下电极TiPtAu。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
根据发明内容,我们制备了一种无铝长波双势垒超晶格红外探测器,具体结构如下:
超晶格长波N型接触层为20周期,每周期由4nm InAs和2nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1016cm-3
超晶格空穴势垒层为20周期,每周期由2nm InAs和1nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1015cm-3
超晶格长波吸收区为100周期,每周期由4nm InAs和2nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1015cm-3
超晶格中波电子势垒层为20周期,每周期由2nm InAs和2nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1015cm-3
超晶格长波P型接触层为20周期,每周期由4nm InAs和2nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1016cm-3
实施例2:
根据发明内容,我们制备了第二种无铝长波双势垒超晶格红外探测器,具体结构如下:
超晶格长波N型接触层为80周期,每周期由6nm InAs和4nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1017cm-3
超晶格空穴势垒层为80周期,每周期由3nm InAs和2nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1016cm-3
超晶格长波吸收区为800周期,每周期由6nm InAs和4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1016cm-3
超晶格中波电子势垒层为80周期,每周期由3nm InAs和4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1016cm-3
超晶格长波P型接触层为80周期,每周期由6nm InAs和4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1017cm-3
实施例3:
根据发明内容,我们制备了第二种无铝长波双势垒超晶格红外探测器,具体结构如下:
超晶格长波N型接触层为50周期,每周期由4.5nm InAs和2.1nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1×1017cm-3
超晶格空穴势垒层为50周期,每周期由2.4nm InAs和1.05nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1×1016cm-3
超晶格长波吸收区为400周期,每周期由4.5nm InAs和2.1nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为5×1015cm-3
超晶格中波电子势垒层为50周期,每周期由2.1nm InAs和2.1nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1×1016cm-3
超晶格长波P型接触层为50周期,每周期由4.5nm InAs和2.1nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1×1017cm-3

Claims (1)

1.一种无铝型II类超晶格长波双势垒红外探测器,其结构为:自GaSb衬底(6)向上依次是超晶格长波N型接触层(1)、超晶格空穴势垒层(2)、超晶格长波吸收区(3)、超晶格中波电子势垒层(4)和超晶格长波P型接触层(5),上电极TiPtAu(7)位于超晶格长波P型接触层(5)上,下电极TiPtAu(8)位于GaSb衬底(6)上,其特征在于:
所述的超晶格长波N型接触层(1)的结构为20-80周期长波超晶格,每周期由4-6nmInAs和2-4nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1016-1017cm-3
所述的超晶格空穴势垒层(2)的结构为20-80周期中波超晶格,每周期由2-3nm InAs和1-2nm GaSb构成,N型掺杂浓度为1015-2×1016cm-3
所述的超晶格长波吸收区(3)的结构为100-800周期长波超晶格,每周期由4-6nm InAs和2-4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1015-1016cm-3
所述的超晶格中波电子势垒层(4)的结构为20-80周期中波超晶格,每周期由2-3nmInAs和2-4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1015-1016cm-3
所述的超晶格长波P型接触层(5)的结构为20-80周期长波超晶格,每周期由4-6nmInAs和2-4nm GaSb构成,P型掺杂浓度为1016-1017cm-3
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