CN105784967A - Stress and displacement continuous measuring method for coal mine similar simulation experiments - Google Patents
Stress and displacement continuous measuring method for coal mine similar simulation experiments Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stress and displacement continuous measuring method for coal mine similar simulation experiments.The method comprises the steps that on the basis of a similar simulation experiment model, under the effect of similar simulation experiment loads, stress and displacement changes of a model rock stratum before breaking are automatically and continuously measured and recorded, and whole-process data measurement of stress and displacement of a similar simulation model overlying rock layer before breaking is achieved.According to the adopted similar simulation model, the structure is simple, use is convenient, stress and displacement measurement is accurate and reliable, stress and displacement change whole-process data of the model rock layer before breaking is automatically and continuously measured and recorded in the similar simulation experiment process, and an early-stage theoretical foundation is provided for coal mine design mining construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Stress displacement method for continuous measuring for colliery similarity simulation experiment.
Background technology
Analog simulation is single in indoor employing or the analog material of multiple material mixing, is made into scale model according to the principle of similitude, and model is to mould according to the prototype simulated.When being simulated experiment, generally adopt the ratio that reduces or some in particular cases magnification ratio to make model.By the observation of model terrane stress displacement being recognized and judging prototype or the Changing Pattern of the Mechanics Phenomenon physically occurred and strata movement, in order to design for mining engineering and the selection of arrangement and method for construction provides foundation.
Typically via the size of foil gauge measurement model terrane stress, foil gauge is to be converted into stress by the strain of measurement model rock stratum, thus reaching to measure purpose.The advantages such as the micro-strain that foil gauge occurs after having highly sensitive, simple to operate, easy to use, structure stress can directly be reflected, measurement result is reliable are widely used.Currently used foil gauge surveys the strain of model rock stratum, mainly foil gauge is fitted in substrate, then these foil gauges are laid on bottom model rock stratum at regular intervals and measure stress, but the strain value that the method records is scattered strain value one by one, the stress value being then converted into is also for dispersion value one by one, obtain the model terrane stress laying foil gauge place only, therefore, the one group of stress value obtained by the method can not good display model rock stratum STRESS VARIATION situation in disrumpent feelings front motion overall process.
Current laboratory measurement model strata displacement mainly adopts measuring method, is numbered 1672-9315 (2007) 01-0035-04 disclosed " total powerstation application in three-dimension similitude simulation test on mining subsidence " at article and describes the three-dimensional analog simulation earth's surface of total powerstation mining subsidence in measuring chamber and the movement and deformation process of rock stratum.The displacement using total powerstation observation model rock stratum is to arrange some measuring points or survey line before measuring, it is carried out one-shot measurement by certain interval of time, complete at model, in digging process, excavated after measure some groups of data respectively, obtain model strata displacement Changing Pattern by the process of data.Artificial layout measuring point will produce human error on point layout, also can only obtain the change in displacement value at measuring point place simultaneously；Secondly, the motion of rock stratum is a continually varying process, adopts total powerstation interval measurement in disrumpent feelings front motion overall process displacement, model rock stratum cannot be carried out continuous print monitoring.
Therefore, seek a kind of can the method for the Continuous Observation model rock stratum stress in disrumpent feelings front motion overall process and change in displacement, convenience and accuracy that we improve similarity simulation experiment can be very helpful.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to measure also record cast rock stratum by similarity simulation experiment Automatic continuous, in the overall process data of disrumpent feelings front stress Yu change in displacement, its objective is to provide a kind of Stress displacement method for continuous measuring for colliery similarity simulation experiment.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of Stress displacement method for continuous measuring for colliery similarity simulation experiment, described method is based on similarity simulation experiment model, and under the effect of similarity simulation experiment load, Automatic continuous is measured and record cast rock stratum stress before disrumpent feelings and change in displacement, it is achieved the overall process DATA REASONING of analog simulation model overlying rock is disrumpent feelings front stress and displacement；Described method follows these steps to carry out:
(1) making of measuring unit
1), made the first template and second template of equivalent size by plastic plate according to the length and width of model rock stratum spread in above-mentioned similarity simulation experiment model；
2), with the centrage of the first template minor face for x-axis, short side edge center is initial point, position of center line several foil gauges uniform in the first template, and demarcate record foil gauge in the position of template, and foil gauge is numbered, again the two of foil gauge lead-in wires it is connected with two wires and draws, then being covered by epoxy resin and paste the second template, constitute stress and displacement measurement unit；
(2) similarity simulation experiment modelling
1), similar materials formed by quartz sand, Calx, Gypsum Fibrosum and water proportioning, seat earth, coal seam, caving zone, fissure zone, warp damage are simulated by the similar materials of different ratio respectively；
2), the proportioning of seat earth is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9: 5: 5；The proportioning in coal seam is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9: 7: 3；The proportioning of caving zone is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9: 6: 4；The proportioning of fissure zone is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9: 5: 5；The proportioning of warp damage is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=7: 5: 5；
3), the proportioning according to material, weigh material requested quality, material is stirred, lay seat earth, coal seam, caving zone, the second measuring unit, fissure zone, the first measuring unit and warp damage from down to up successively, each layer of analog material is tamped after laying, the mica powder that thickness is 2 ~ 4mm, natural air drying it is sprinkled between each layer；
4), each group of wire is drawn by similarity simulation experiment platform, and be connected with resistance strain gauge and computer thereof；
(3) model terrane stress and displacement measurement
1), before stress with displacement measurement, it is loaded by hydraulic jack that analog simulation model overlying rock is loaded, and opens resistance strain gauge and computer simultaneously, utilizes computer that the strain value of each foil gauge is transferred to 0 position, utilize the various measurement parameter of computer acquisition, and process；
2), the coal seam in analog simulation model is excavated, strain value organizing foil gauge each in digging process is carried out monitoring and data acquisition in real time simultaneously, obtain the stress before disrumpent feelings of model rock stratum in whole digging process and change in displacement data by processing of computer；Required data and image are derived after terminating by excavation by computer.
Realize above-mentioned a kind of technical scheme measured continuously for the Stress displacement of colliery similarity simulation experiment, first it is make similarity simulation experiment model, on the basis of similarity simulation experiment model, equivalent material simulating coal seam is excavated, in the process of constantly excavation, analog simulation model rock stratum before disrumpent feelings can bending subsidence, formed and similar deform for deflection of beam, therefore model rock stratum is reduced to the structure of beam.For the principle that similarity simulation experiment is followed, four assumption is proposed for it: plane stress problem, continuous modification are assumed, small deformation is assumed and elastic deformation is it is assumed that to set up the derivation formula meeting experimental model requirement.Consider the boundary characteristic of model rock stratum deformation rule before disrumpent feelings and experimental model, warp damage and fissure zone rock stratum are reduced to the simply supported beam model under evenly load, deflection of beam deformation is approximately pure bending deformation, as shown in Figure 5: AB is the length of model rock stratum, it is long is uniform load for l, q.From the stress characteristic of simply supported beam in the mechanics of materials and equilibrium condition:
The Bending Moment Equations of beam is:
By the approximate differential equation of line of deflection:
Boundary condition:
Its deflection equation is:
Stress equation is:
Assume that deflection of beam deforms all the time in elastic range, therefore can be obtained by Hooke's law:
In above formula: E is elastic modelling quantity；I is the moment of inertia of beam cross section centering axle；W is the bending resistant section coefficient of beam.
Because E, I, W are constant, its value is relevant with model rock stratum analog material kind and beam section shape size, relevant with uniform load q and abscissa positions x thereof by strain value ε (x) of the known certain point of 3. formula, the x value that strain value ε (x) recorded by the foil gauge arranged and each foil gauge are demarcated, 3. through type can calculate many group uniform load q1、q2、q3……qn, owing to foil gauge is very sensitive, surveyed the deformation being also model rock stratum before fracturing, root-mean-square can be adopted to seek equivalent load q above-mentioned value；
Will 4. in tried to achieve q value bring 1. formula and 2. formula into, then can try to achieve stress and amount of deflection (displacement) value at arbitrfary point place in plane, it is achieved the overall process DATA REASONING of model rock stratum is disrumpent feelings front stress and displacement.This method adopts the simple in construction of analog simulation model, easy to use, stress is accurately reliable with displacement measurement, similarity simulation experiment process is automatically and continuously measured and record cast rock stratum is in the data of disrumpent feelings front stress Yu change in displacement overall process, provide the theoretical foundation of early stage for Coal Mine Design exploitation construction.
Compared with prior art, the measuring unit that this method adopts makes simple, adopt the resistance strain gage that precision is high, with glue by its at a certain distance at equal intervals array be pasted on template center's line, after being uniformly coated with one layer of epoxy resin, cover lid layer template again can be successful, foil gauge is between two-layer template, avoid direct contact of the similar materials with humidity and affect its resistance value, the certainty of measurement that foil gauge maintenance is higher can be made, this measuring unit can realize recycling repeatedly after making, thus can extensively be conveniently used in similarity simulation experiment.
Multiple foil gauge arrays are arranged in template by being also advantageous in that of this measuring method, and template is embedded in bottom tested model rock stratum, due to the characteristic of selected mould material, it is possible to achieve deformation synchronization with overlying rock.Foil gauge is connected with resistance strain gauge and computer by wire, so the collection of data, transmission, process are all be synchronously performed with rock movement, by programming, above-mentioned reasoning and calculation process is weaved into software program, strain value is converted into stress and shift value, thus can to the overall process measurement of flood model rock stratum its internal stress and change in displacement before there is disrumpent feelings deformation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is similarity simulation experiment model of the present invention and the simplification structural representation of the system of measurement thereof.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of stress of the present invention and displacement measurement unit.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of resistance strain gage of the present invention.
The perspective view of Fig. 4 stress of the present invention and displacement measurement unit.
Simply supported beam model force diagram under Fig. 5 uniform load of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is specific implementation process similarity simulation experiment model of the present invention and the structural representation of the system of measurement thereof.
In figure: 1: warp damage；2: fissure zone；3: caving zone；4: coal seam；5: seat earth；6: excavation part；7: the first measuring units；8: the second measuring units, 9: hydraulic jack；10: resistance strain gauge；11: computer；12: the first templates；13: the second templates；14: foil gauge；15: wire；16: foil gauge sensitive grid；17: foil gauge substrate；18: similarity simulation experiment platform；19: mud stone；20: limestone；21: packsand；22: Sandy Silt；23: mud stone；24: Sandy Silt；25::3#Coal seam；26: Sandy Silt；27: measuring unit A；28: measuring unit B；29: measuring unit C；30: measuring unit D.
Detailed description of the invention
Below specific embodiments of the present invention are made further instructions.
Detailed description of the invention
Such as accompanying drawing, a kind of similarity simulation experiment of enforcement is used for measuring colliery overburden stress displacement method, and the method follows these steps to carry out.
(1) making of measuring unit
1) this experiment is to want measure analog ore deposit 3#Its internal stress and change in displacement situation when coal seam (25) excavation causes overlying rock to sink, according to experiment condition and prototype condition, select the similarity simulation experiment platform (18) of the existing length × height of laboratory × wide=1600mm × 1500mm × 200mm.
2) the first template (12) and the second template (13) are made with equivalent size length × wide=1600mm × 200mm according to the length and width of model rock stratum spread in similarity simulation experiment.
3) resistance strain gage (14) size is chosen according to template size: foil gauge sensitive grid (16) long 30mm, wide 3mm；Foil gauge substrate (17) long 30mm, wide 6mm, as shown in Figure 3.
4) with the centrage of the first template (12) minor face for x-axis, short side edge center is initial point, demarcate and record the x value (altogether paste 16 foil gauges) of foil gauge (14) paste position at the position of center line 100mm at equal intervals of the first template (12), with glue, foil gauge is pasted onto tightly the position that the first template (12) is demarcated；After foil gauge (14) is pasted, cover with epoxy resin and paste the second template (13).
5) two lead-in wires of foil gauge (14) it is connected with two wires (15) and numbers, in order to carrying out record and the process of data.Whole stress is with displacement measurement unit as shown in Figure 2.
(2) laying of similarity simulation experiment model
1) according to certain ore deposit 3#The physical and mechanical parameter of each rock stratum that coal seam (25) borehole data and down-hole are determined and coal, prototype and experimental provision condition determine similarity simulation experiment；Similar materials is formed by quartz sand, Calx, Gypsum Fibrosum, water proportioning, mud stone (19), limestone (20), packsand (21), Sandy Silt (22), 3#Coal seam (25) is simulated by the similar materials of different ratio respectively.
2) proportioning of mud stone (19) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9:6:4, its height 205mm；The proportioning of limestone (20) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=7:3:7, its height 285mm；The proportioning of packsand (21) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=7:5:5, its height 165mm；The proportioning of Sandy Silt (22) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9:5:5, its height 265mm;The proportioning of mud stone (23) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9:6:4, its height 125mm；The proportioning of Sandy Silt (24) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9:5:5, its height 185mm；3#The proportioning in coal seam (25) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9:7:3, its height 150mm；The proportioning of Sandy Silt (26) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9:5:5, its height 120mm；
3) proportioning according to material, utilizes the quality of electronic scale accurate weighing material requested, is stirred by material, lay successively from down to up Sandy Silt (26), 3#Coal seam (25), Sandy Silt (24), measuring unit D(30), mud stone (23), measuring unit C(29), Sandy Silt (22), measuring unit B(28), packsand (21), measuring unit A(27), limestone (20), mud stone (19), each layer of analog material to be tamped in time after laying, and is sprinkled into the mica powder that thickness is 2 ~ 4mm between each layer.
4), by each group of wire (15) from similarity simulation experiment platform (18) drawing and be connected with resistance strain gauge (10), resistance strain gauge (10) is connected with computer (11).
Three, model terrane stress and displacement measurement
1) before stress with displacement measurement, it is loaded by hydraulic jack (9) that analog simulation model overlying rock is loaded, open resistance strain gauge (10) and computer (11) simultaneously, utilize computer (11) that the strain value of each foil gauge (14) is transferred to 0 position, utilize computer (11) to gather various measurement parameter, and process.
2) to 3 in analog simulation model#Coal seam (25) is excavated from E to F, the strain value of each foil gauge (14) in digging process is carried out monitoring and data acquisition in real time simultaneously, obtains the stress before disrumpent feelings of model rock stratum in whole digging process and change in displacement data by processing of computer (11)；After excavation terminates, required data and image being derived by computer (11), this process is as shown in Figure 6.
Realize above-mentioned a kind of technical scheme measured continuously for the Stress displacement of colliery similarity simulation experiment, first it is make similarity simulation experiment model, on the basis of similarity simulation experiment model, equivalent material simulating coal seam is excavated, in the process of constantly excavation, analog simulation model rock stratum before disrumpent feelings can bending subsidence, formed and similar deform for deflection of beam, therefore model rock stratum is reduced to the structure of beam.For the principle that similarity simulation experiment is followed, four assumption is proposed for it: plane stress problem, continuous modification are assumed, small deformation is assumed and elastic deformation is it is assumed that to set up the derivation formula meeting experimental model requirement.Consider the boundary characteristic of model rock stratum deformation rule before disrumpent feelings and experimental model, model rock stratum is reduced to the simply supported beam model under evenly load, and deflection of beam deformation is approximately pure bending deformation, as shown in Figure 5: AB is the length of model rock stratum, it is long is uniform load for l, q.From the stress characteristic of simply supported beam in the mechanics of materials and equilibrium condition:
The Bending Moment Equations of beam is:
By the approximate differential equation of line of deflection:
Boundary condition:
Its deflection equation is:
Stress equation is:
Assume that deflection of beam deforms all the time in elastic range, therefore can be obtained by Hooke's law:
In above formula: E is elastic modelling quantity
The moment of inertia for beam cross section centering axle
Bending resistant section coefficient for beam
Described E, I, W are constant for surveyed model rock stratum (beam), and its value is relevant with analog material type and cross sectional shape size thereof, and b is model width of formation, and h is model rock stratum height.
Relevant with uniform load q and abscissa positions x thereof by strain value ε (x) of the known certain point of 3. formula, the x value that strain value ε (x) recorded by the foil gauge arranged and each foil gauge are demarcated, 3. through type can calculate many group uniform load q1、q2、q3……qn, owing to foil gauge is very sensitive, we are surveyed the deformation being also model rock stratum before fracturing, root-mean-square can be adopted to seek equivalent load q above-mentioned value；
4. middle tried to achieve q value 1. formula and 2. formula will be brought into, then stress and amount of deflection (displacement) value at arbitrfary point place in plane can be tried to achieve.By programming, above-mentioned reasoning and calculation process is weaved into software program, strain value is converted into stress and shift value by measurement process, thus we can to the overall process measurement of flood model rock stratum its internal stress and change in displacement before there is disrumpent feelings deformation.
Claims (5)
1. the Stress displacement method for continuous measuring for colliery similarity simulation experiment, described method is based on similarity simulation experiment model, and under the effect of similarity simulation experiment load, Automatic continuous is measured and record cast rock stratum stress before disrumpent feelings and change in displacement, it is achieved the overall process DATA REASONING of the simulation colliery disrumpent feelings front stress of overlying rock and displacement；Described method follows these steps to carry out:
(1) making of measuring unit
1), made the first template (12) and second template (13) of equivalent size by plastic plate according to the length and width of model rock stratum spread in above-mentioned similarity simulation experiment model；
2), with the centrage of the first template (12) minor face for x-axis, short side edge center is initial point, uniform several foil gauges (14) of position of center line in the first template (12), and demarcate record foil gauge (14) in the position of template, and foil gauge (14) is numbered, again two lead-in wires of foil gauge (14) it is connected with two wires (15) and draws, then being covered by epoxy resin and paste the second template (13), constitute stress and displacement measurement unit；
(2) similarity simulation experiment modelling
1), similar materials formed by quartz sand, Calx, Gypsum Fibrosum and water proportioning, seat earth (5), coal seam (4), caving zone (3), fissure zone (2), warp damage (1) are simulated by the similar materials of different ratio respectively；
2), the proportioning of seat earth (5) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9: 5: 5；The proportioning in coal seam (4) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9: 7: 3；The proportioning of caving zone (3) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9: 6: 4；The proportioning of fissure zone (2) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=9: 5: 5；The proportioning of warp damage (1) is quartz sand: Calx: Gypsum Fibrosum=7: 5: 5；
3), the proportioning according to material, weigh material requested quality, material is stirred, lay seat earth (5), coal seam (4), caving zone (3), the second measuring unit (8), fissure zone (2), the first measuring unit (7) and warp damage (1) from down to up successively, each layer of analog material is tamped after laying, the mica powder that thickness is 2 ~ 4mm, natural air drying it is sprinkled between each layer；
4), each group of wire (15) is drawn by similarity simulation experiment platform (18), and be connected with resistance strain gauge (10) and computer (11)；
(3) model terrane stress and displacement measurement
1), before stress with displacement measurement, it is loaded by hydraulic jack (9) that analog simulation model overlying rock is loaded, open resistance strain gauge (10) and computer (11) simultaneously, utilize computer (11) that the strain value of each foil gauge (14) is transferred to 0 position, utilize computer (11) to gather various measurement parameter, and process；
2), the coal seam (4) in analog simulation model is excavated, the strain value of each foil gauge (14) in digging process is carried out monitoring and data acquisition in real time simultaneously, obtains the stress before disrumpent feelings of model rock stratum in whole digging process and change in displacement data by processing of computer (11)；After excavation terminates, required data and image are derived by computer (11).
2. the Stress displacement method for continuous measuring for colliery similarity simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, described stress and displacement measurement unit are to lay between the layer upper strata of excavation layer, lay one layer of measuring unit between layers.
3. the Stress displacement method for continuous measuring for colliery similarity simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, the loading that described hydraulic jack (9) carries out is equivalent uniform loading.
4. the Stress displacement method for continuous measuring for colliery similarity simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, described bridge joint mode is the one in 1/4 bridge, half-bridge and full-bridge.
5. the Stress displacement method for continuous measuring for colliery similarity simulation experiment as claimed in claim 1, described first template (12) is similar to the malformation of analog simulation model overlying rock with the malformation of the second template (13).
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